Lesson 2 - Electrophilic substitution Nitration of Benzene Halogenation of Benzene Bromination of Benzene Halogen Carriers

Lesson 1 - Introducing Benzene 1) The comparison of the Kekulé model of benzene with the subsequent delocalised models for benzene in terms of p-orbital overlap forming a delocalised π-system 2) The experimental evidence for a delocalised, rather than Kekulé, model for benzene in terms of bond lengths, enthalpy change of hydrogenation and resistance to reaction 3) Use of IUPAC rules of nomenclature for systematically naming substituted aromatic compounds

Lesson 1 - Orders, rate equations and rate constants Explanation of the term rate of reaction Deduction of: (i) orders from experimental data (ii) a rate equation from orders of the form: rate = k[A]m[B]n, where m and n are 0, 1 or 2 Calculation of the rate constant, k, and related quantities, from a rate equation including determination of units