Know: How did cattle ranching decline in the American West? Understand: What factors contributed to cattle ranching success and decline? Evaluate: Why did cattle ranching decline in the American West? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify & describe: Why cattle ranching developed and then declined? Explain: What factors helped cattle ranching to develop and then decline? Analyse: Begin to come to a judgement on which factors were the most important? The resources come in the form of a PowerPoint and a card sort with a separate answer sheet. There are five activities in this lesson which are aimed for students of all abilities. Activity 1 is a snowballing starter using the keywords. Full instructions included. Activity 2 is a review activity designed to test students prior knowledge. They are given 5 factors why the cattle industry developed and are then expected to write a sentence explaining why they think it would help it to develop. Activity 3, builds upon Activity 2 by getting students to improve their answers in (purple pen) after having reviewed 5 slides explaining why the cattle industry developed. I have built some additional discussion questions into these slides to help students connect their learning with some of the reasons why the industry later declines. Activities 4 - 7, deal with the decline of the industry. Activity 4 is a summary exercise, whilst Activity 5 is a card sort. Once students have reviewed the information, they are expected to sort the cards to create 5 PEE’s paragraphs explaining why Cattle Ranching declined. I have supplied a colour coded answer sheet to display onto the IWB to help students review their answers. Activity 6, is a past paper question with built in structure and support on 'The disastrous winter of 1886-87 was the most important reason for the end of the open range’. How far do you agree with this statement? The final activity provides students with an AFL student mark scheme to help them peer assess their answers. As with all my resources, they are produced to a high standard and are designed to be interactive. Have fun and if you like this lesson, check out some of my other resource bundles. Kind Regards Roy

This great resource is designed to help students understand the reasons for the development and then decline of Cattle Ranching in the American West. The aims and objectives are: Theme: The American West Know: How did cattle ranching decline in the American West? Understand: What factors contributed to cattle ranching success and decline? Evaluate: Why did cattle ranching decline in the American West? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: Why cattle ranching developed and then declined? Explain: What factors helped cattle ranching to develop and then decline? Analyse: Begin to come to a judgement on which factors were the most important? The resources come in the form of a PowerPoint and a card sort with a separate answer sheet. There are five activities in this lesson which are aimed for students of all abilities. Activity 1 is a snowballing starter using the keywords. Full instructions included. Activity 2 is a review activity designed to test students prior knowledge. They are given 5 factors why the cattle industry developed and are then expected to write a sentence explaining why they think it would help it to develop. Activity 3, builds upon Activity 2 by getting students to improve their answers in (purple pen) after having reviewed 5 slides explaining why the cattle industry developed. I have built some additional discussion questions into these slides to help students connect their learning with some of the reasons why the industry later declines. Activities 4 - 7, deal with the decline of the industry. Activity 4 is a summary exercise, whilst Activity 5 is a card sort. Once students have reviewed the information, they are expected to sort the cards to create 5 PEE's paragraphs explaining why Cattle Ranching declined. I have supplied a colour coded answer sheet to display onto the IWB to help students review their answers. Activity 6, is a past paper question with built in structure and support on 'The disastrous winter of 1886-87 was the most important reason for the end of the open range’. How far do you agree with this statement? The final activity provides students with an AFL student mark scheme to help them peer assess their answers. As with all my resources, they are produced to a high standard and are designed to be interactive. Have fun and if you like this lesson, check out some of my other resource bundles. Kind Regards Roy

This great resource looks at the development of cattle ranching and the key exam question on why cattlemen decided to drive their herds north? I've pitched the text level at lower to middle ability but the challenge of the final thinking skills review triangle is sufficient to stretch the more able. The PowerPoint includes information slides on the background to cattle ranching and the long drives as well as information on: The Impact of the American Civil War 1861-1865 Increased demand for beef in the East The actions of Goodnight and Loving The building of the railroads The actions of Joseph McCoy There are two core activities, a snowballing starter of the key words for the lesson and a thinking skills review triangle activity linked to a past paper question. As always, this resource can be easily edited and is designed to be used along side any main stream text book on this topic. The resource can also be uploaded to a virtual learning environment and set as a homework The learning objectives are: Theme: The American West Know: How did cattle ranching develop in the American West? Understand: Why did cattlemen drive their herds north? Evaluate: Which factor was the most important? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify & describe: Why cattle ranching developed in the American West? Explain: Why cattlemen drove their herds north? Analyse: Begin to come to a judgement on which factor was the most important? If you like this resource, then please check out some of my others in this series. Kind Regards Roy

This great resource looks at the development of cattle ranching and the key exam question on why cattlemen decided to drive their herds north? I’ve pitched the text level at lower to middle ability but the challenge of the final thinking skills review triangle is sufficient to stretch the more able. The PowerPoint includes information slides on the background to cattle ranching and the long drives as well as information on: The Impact of the American Civil War 1861-1865 Increased demand for beef in the East The actions of Goodnight and Loving The building of the railroads The actions of Joseph McCoy There are two core activities, a snowballing starter of the key words for the lesson and a thinking skills review triangle activity linked to a past paper question. As always, this resource can be easily edited and is designed to be used along side any main stream text book on this topic. The resource can also be uploaded to a virtual learning environment and set as a homework The learning objectives are: Theme: The American West Know: How did cattle ranching develop in the American West? Understand: Why did cattlemen drive their herds north? Evaluate: Which factor was the most important? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify & describe: Why cattle ranching developed in the American West? Explain: Why cattlemen drove their herds north? Analyse: Begin to come to a judgement on which factor was the most important? If you like this resource, then please check out some of my others in this series. Kind Regards Roy

This great lesson has been field tested many times over the past 20 years. This version is an upgrade of the original lesson that I posted many years ago on school history. It looks at the causes of the Protestant Reformation and the ideas of Martin Luther. It is designed to suit the full range of abilities that you would find in a main stream secondary school. The PowerPoint includes 5 activities. The first activity is a snowballing starter using all the key words in the lesson. The second activity gets students to annotate / label a medieval painting of purgatory. This will hopefully lead to a class discussion on ideas about Heaven and Hell. The third activity is to update and correct their labelling with purple pen. There then follows a series of slides and links to video clips explaining medieval ideas on relics, indulgences (Pardons) and Martin Luther’s role in challenging them. This is all done simply at a level that main stream students can understand. The fourth activity, gets students to design their own Wittenberg Poster using Martin Luther’s ideas. This can be completed and aged for homework using tea bags or coffee and makes an excellent classroom display. 1000s of my students have completed this task and loved it! The final activity, which might take a second lesson, gets students to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between a Catholic and a Protestant Church. All the templates are included at the end of the PowerPoint. The aims and objectives for this outstanding lesson are: Theme: Why did Britain ‘break’ with Rome? Know: Who was Martin Luther and why did he disagree with the Pope? Understand: What are the differences between a Protestant & Catholic? Evaluate: Why was there religious conflict in the 16th Century? Skills: Cause, Consequence, Change & Continuity. WILF - What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: the differences between a Protestant and a Catholic Church? Explain: Why martin Luther protested against the Catholic Church? Analyse: Why was there Religious Conflict in the 16th Century? f you like this resource then why not check out our other resources on similar topics in our TES shop. You can also follow ‘The History Academy’ on Twitter, Google Plus, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for the price of a good cup of coffee so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. All our authors are paid the living wage so when you purchase our resources you are buying into our shared values of fair play and decency. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Don’t forget to check out our YouTube Channel with over 600 free videos: @historyacademy Kind Regards Roy

This great resource has been tried and tested over 25 years and looks at the causes and results of the Protestant Reformation. However, before you look away, this resource is designed to suit the full range of learning abilities that you would find in a main stream school. Some of you may even recognise parts of this resource from an older version, which I have now updated, from school history, that was downloaded over 400,000 times. This is a must have resource! The PowerPoint includes 5 activities. The first activity is a snowballing starter using all the key words in the lesson. The second activity gets students to annotate / label a medieval painting of purgatory. This will hopefully lead to a class discussion on ideas about Heaven and Hell. The third activity is to update and correct their labelling with purple pen. There then follows a series of slides and links to video clips explaining medieval ideas on relics, indulgences (Pardons) and Martin Luther’s role in challenging them. This is all done simply at a level that main stream students can understand. The fourth activity, gets students to design their own Wittenberg Poster using Martin Luther’s ideas. This can be completed and aged for homework using tea bags or coffee and makes an excellent classroom display. 1000s of my students have completed this task and loved it! The final activity, which might take a second lesson, gets students to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between a Catholic and a Protestant Church. All the templates are included at the end of the PowerPoint. The aims and objectives for this outstanding lesson are: Theme: Why did Britain ‘break’ with Rome? Know: Who was Martin Luther and why did he disagree with the Pope? Understand: What are the differences between a Protestant & Catholic? Evaluate: Why was there religious conflict in the 16th Century? Skills: Cause, Consequence, Change & Continuity. WILF - What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: the differences between a Protestant and a Catholic Church? Explain: Why martin Luther protested against the Catholic Church? Analyse: Why was there Religious Conflict in the 16th Century? Anyway, have fun completing this lesson with your students. Its simple, fun and easy to edit to suit your own students. If you like this resource you will absolute love my lesson on the Martyrs - history with the best bits left in! Kind Regards Roy

This lesson is designed to help students understand the lives of American cowboys. It focuses on the clothes and equipment that they used to help them survive their everyday challenges. The PowerPoint includes the aims, objectives, differentiated outcomes, a snowballing starter of the key words, a labeling exercise to test students prior knowledge, information slides and instructions on how to complete the accompanying card sort and peer assess it. I have also embedded several video clips to illustrate how the equipment was used. The word document includes all the cards with both the names and the descriptions of the clothes and equipment worn by cowboys to be correctly sorted. The aims and objectives of the lesson are: Theme: The American West Know: What equipment did a cowboy use to do his job? Understand: How did cowboys use their equipment? Evaluate: How successfully did cowboys adapt to their environment? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify & describe: The equipment carried by cowboys Explain: How was each piece of equipment used? Analyse: Begin to come to a judgement on how successfully cowboys adapted to their environment? If you like this resource then why not check out my other resources on this topic in my TES shop, where many have been bundled together to provide you with further savings. You can also follow ‘The History Academy’ on Twitter, Google Plus, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for either the price of a good cup of coffee or a happy meal so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Kind Regards Roy

This lesson is designed to help students understand the lives of American cowboys. It focuses on the clothes and equipment that they used to help them survive their everyday challenges. The PowerPoint includes the aims, objectives, differentiated outcomes, a snowballing starter of the key words, a labelling exercise to test students prior knowledge, information slides and instructions on how to complete the accompanying card sort and peer assess it. I have also embedded several video clips to illustrate how the equipment was used. The word document includes all the cards with both the names and the descriptions of the clothes and equipment worn by cowboys to be correctly sorted. The aims and objectives of the lesson are: Theme: The American West Know: What equipment did a cowboy use to do his job? Understand: How did cowboys use their equipment? Evaluate: How successfully did cowboys adapt to their environment? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify & describe: The equipment carried by cowboys Explain: How was each piece of equipment used? Analyse: Begin to come to a judgement on how successfully cowboys adapted to their environment? If you like this resource then why not check out my other resources on this topic in my TES shop, where many have been bundled together to provide you with further savings. You can also follow ‘The History Academy’ on Twitter, Google Plus, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for either the price of a good cup of coffee or a happy meal so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Kind Regards Roy

This outstanding card sort is designed to be used as a starter or plenary. Students cut out the cards and match the cowboy’s equipment with the correct names or labels. This shouldn’t take more than 15 minutes from beginning to end. When you purchase this resource you will be able to download a two page Microsoft Word Document which includes a learning objective, instructions and nine key words mixed up with their correct labels to be sorted. On the second page, you have a photograph of a cowboy with arrows pointing to the appropriate pieces of equipment. These can be used along with the correctly sorted cards to label the cowboy. This activity can also be purchased with an accompanying PowerPoint under a similar title or as part of a bundle of resources on the American West. The aims and objectives of this activity are: Theme: The American West Know: What equipment did a cowboy use to do his job? Understand: How did cowboys use their equipment? Evaluate: How successfully did cowboys adapt to their environment? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: The equipment carried by cowboys Explain: How was each piece of equipment used? Analyze: Begin to come to a judgement on how cowboys adapted to their environment? If you like this resource then why not check out my other resources on this topic in my TES shop, where many have been bundled together to provide you with further savings. You can also follow ‘The History Academy’ on Twitter, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for either the price of a good cup of coffee or a happy meal so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Kind Regards Roy

This outstanding card sort is designed to be used as a starter or plenary. Students cut out the cards and match the cowboy’s equipment with the correct names or labels. This shouldn’t take more than 15 minutes from beginning to end. When you purchase this resource you will be able to download a two page Microsoft Word Document which includes a learning objective, instructions and nine key words mixed up with their correct labels to be sorted. On the second page, you have a photograph of a cowboy with arrows pointing to the appropriate pieces of equipment. These can be used along with the correctly sorted cards to label the cowboy. This activity can also be purchased with an accompanying PowerPoint under a similar title or as part of a bundle of resources on the American West. The aims and objectives of this activity are: Theme: The American West Know: What equipment did a cowboy use to do his job? Understand: How did cowboys use their equipment? Evaluate: How successfully did cowboys adapt to their environment? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: The equipment carried by cowboys Explain: How was each piece of equipment used? Analyse: Begin to come to a judgement on how successfully cowboys adapted to their environment? If you like this resource then why not check out my other resources on this topic in my TES shop, where many have been bundled together to provide you with further savings. You can also follow ‘The History Academy’ on Twitter, Google Plus, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for either the price of a good cup of coffee or a happy meal so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Kind Regards Roy

This great little card sort exercise is designed to help students who are studying law and order in the American West. It can be used as a revision activity, starter or plenary on this topic. When you purchase this resource you will be able to download a single page Microsoft Office Word document, which contains a lesson objective, instructions and ten key solutions and their matching explanations. Once students have cut out the cards, they match the solution with the explanation of how it helped to maintain law and order. A simple exercise which works effectively with students of all abilities. The aims and objectives are: Theme: Law and order in the American West Know: What solutions were used to solve the problems of law and order in the West? Understand: How did these solutions help to maintain law and order? Evaluate: How successful were these solutions? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify and Describe: The solutions that were used to solve the problems of law and order in the West? Explain: How these solutions were supposed to help maintain law and order? Analyse: How successful were these solutions? If you like this resource then why not check out my other resources on this topic in my TES shop. You can also follow ‘The History Academy’ on Twitter, Google Plus, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for either the price of a good cup of coffee or a happy meal so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Kind Regards Roy

This great little card sort exercise is designed to help students who are studying law and order in the American West. It can be used as a revision activity, starter or plenary on this topic. When you purchase this resource you will be able to download a single page Microsoft Office Word document, which contains a lesson objective, instructions and ten key solutions and their matching explanations. Once students have cut out the cards, they match the solution with the explanation of how it helped to maintain law and order. A simple exercise which works effectively with students of all abilities. The aims and objectives are: Theme: Law and order in the American West Know: What solutions were used to solve the problems of law and order in the West? Understand: How did these solutions help to maintain law and order? Evaluate: How successful were these solutions? WILF: What Am I Looking For? Identify and Describe: The solutions that were used to solve the problems of law and order in the West? Explain: How these solutions were supposed to help maintain law and order? Analyse: How successful were these solutions? If you like this resource then why not check out my other resources on this topic in my TES shop. You can also follow 'The History Academy' on Twitter, Google Plus, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for either the price of a good cup of coffee or a happy meal so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Kind Regards Roy

This great lesson is designed to help students understand how the Homesteaders overcame the problems they faced on the Great Plains such as water supply, natural hazards, extreme weather, protecting crops, bankruptcy, insects and Native Americans. This lesson includes a 26 slide PowerPoint with six core activities including starter, review summary tasks on the problems, thinking skills review activities, card sort and an exam question. I have also included fourteen illustrated information slides to be used either before or after the card sort activity explaining both the problems facing the Homesteaders and the solutions that they came up with. In addition, the PowerPoint contains aims, objectives, differentiated outcomes, information slides, pictures, diagrams and templates for summarizing learning. The two page word document contains 14 problems with the solutions that the Homesteaders came up with mixed up. Students cut out the cards and match the problems and solutions under the two headings. Once they have peer reviewed or checked them during a class feedback session, students can then stick them into their books. Alternatively, you could create a class set that are kept in envelops and quickly matched and then put back as a quick starter or plenary. For more information please see the sample preview. The aims and objectives for this activity are: Theme: How successful were the Homesteaders at settling on the Great Plains? Know: What problems did they have to overcome? Understand: How did the Homesteaders survive and build successful farms on the Great Plains? Evaluate: What impact did these solutions have on the Homesteaders, the environment and the Native Americans? Skills: Cause, Consequence, Change, Continuity and Source Evaluation. WILF – What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: What problems did the Homesteaders have to overcome in order to survive? Explain: Did they try and solve these problems? Analyze: begin to make an overall judgment on how successful the Homesteaders were at settling on the Great Plains and at what cost? This is a great lesson which, which your students will enjoy. Please check out some of my other resources on the American West or follow the History Academy on You Tube, Facebook or Twitter. Kind Regards Roy

This great lesson is designed to help students understand how the Homesteaders overcame the problems they faced on the Great Plains such as water supply, natural hazards, extreme weather, protecting crops, bankruptcy, insects and Native Americans. This lesson includes a 26 slide PowerPoint with six core activities including starter, review summary tasks on the problems, thinking skills review activities, card sort and an exam question. I have also included fourteen illustrated information slides to be used either before or after the card sort activity explaining both the problems facing the Homesteaders and the solutions that they came up with. In addition, the PowerPoint contains aims, objectives, differentiated outcomes, information slides, pictures, diagrams and templates for summarizing learning. The two page word document contains 14 problems with the solutions that the Homesteaders came up with mixed up. Students cut out the cards and match the problems and solutions under the two headings. Once they have peer reviewed or checked them during a class feedback session, students can then stick them into their books. Alternatively, you could create a class set that are kept in envelops and quickly matched and then put back as a quick starter or plenary. For more information please see the sample preview. The aims and objectives for this activity are: Theme: How successful were the Homesteaders at settling on the Great Plains? Know: What problems did they have to overcome? Understand: How did the Homesteaders survive and build successful farms on the Great Plains? Evaluate: What impact did these solutions have on the Homesteaders, the environment and the Native Americans? Skills: Cause, Consequence, Change, Continuity and Source Evaluation. WILF – What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: What problems did the Homesteaders have to overcome in order to survive? Explain: Did they try and solve these problems? Analyze: begin to make an overall judgment on how successful the Homesteaders were at settling on the Great Plains and at what cost? This is a great lesson which, which your students will enjoy. Please check out some of my other resources on the American West or follow the History Academy on You Tube, Facebook or Twitter. Kind Regards Roy

This great activity is designed to help students studying how the Homesteaders survived on the Great Plains as part of a course on the American West. It can be used as either a revision, consolidation exercise or even as a plenary or starter. If you are looking for an accompany resource to cover this topic then please do check out my TES shop. The two page word document contains 14 problems with the solutions that the Homesteaders came up with mixed up. Students cut out the cards and match the problems and solutions under the two headings. Once they have peer reviewed or checked them during a class feedback session, students can then stick them into their books. Alternatively, you could create a class set that are kept in envelops and quickly matched and then put back as a quick starter or plenary. The aims and objectives for this activity are: Theme: How successful were the Homesteaders at settling on the Great Plains? Know: What problems did they have to overcome? Understand: How did the Homesteaders survive and build successful farms on the Great Plains? Evaluate: What impact did these solutions have on the Homesteaders, the environment and the Native Americans? Skills: Cause, Consequence, Change, Continuity & Source Evaluation. WILF – What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: What problems did the Homesteaders have to overcome in order to survive? Explain: Did they try and solve these problems? Analyze: begin to make an overall judgement on how successful the Homesteaders were at settling on the Great Plains and at what cost? If you like this resource then why not check out my other resources on this topic in my TES shop. You can also follow ‘The History Academy’ on Twitter, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for either the price of a good cup of coffee or a happy meal so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Kind Regards Roy

This great activity is designed to help students studying how the Homesteaders survived on the Great Plains as part of a course on the American West. It can be used as either a revision, consolidation exercise or even as a plenary or starter. If you are looking for an accompany resource to cover this topic then please do check out my TES shop. The two page word document contains 14 problems with the solutions that the Homesteaders came up with mixed up. Students cut out the cards and match the problems and solutions under the two headings. Once they have peer reviewed or checked them during a class feedback session, students can then stick them into their books. Alternatively, you could create a class set that are kept in envelops and quickly matched and then put back as a quick starter or plenary. The aims and objectives for this activity are: Theme: How successful were the Homesteaders at settling on the Great Plains? Know: What problems did they have to overcome? Understand: How did the Homesteaders survive and build successful farms on the Great Plains? Evaluate: What impact did these solutions have on the Homesteaders, the environment and the Native Americans? Skills: Cause, Consequence, Change, Continuity & Source Evaluation. WILF – What Am I Looking For? Identify and describe: What problems did the Homesteaders have to overcome in order to survive? Explain: Did they try and solve these problems? Analyse: begin to make an overall judgement on how successful the Homesteaders were at settling on the Great Plains and at what cost? If you like this resource then why not check out my other resources on this topic in my TES shop. You can also follow 'The History Academy' on Twitter, Google Plus, YouTube and Facebook for the latest updates or even to get in touch and chat about how you have used this resource or to ask questions. We aim to produce cheap and affordable resources for either the price of a good cup of coffee or a happy meal so that you can spend more time doing the things that you want. Anyway, have fun and stay in touch via social media for the latest updates. Kind Regards Roy

The great resource deals with the tricky topic change and continuity in Medieval Medicine in Britain. The resource includes a PowerPoint with all the resources and worksheets that are required for the lesson as well as a recent lesson plan I wrote to help teach this topic with this resource. The PowerPoint includes: Aims & Objectives A starter + a differentiated version Information Slides Source analysis activity A card sort / activity on change and continuity An extended question which has been differentiated to include a slide to help structure responses Peer and self analysis feedback sheets. Blank templates for the activities. The aims and activities are: • Theme: Medicine in Britain, 1250 – present • Know: What were the key features medieval medicine? • Understand: Which key features of ancient medicine were still being used in medieval times? • Evaluate: How far did ancient ideas about medicine continued to be used in the medieval period? • Skills: Change and Continuity Learning Outcomes • Levels 1 – 4 = Identify & describe: What changed and what stayed the same? • Levels 5 – 7 = Explain: What had changed and what had stayed the same? • Levels 7 – 8 = Analyse: How far did medical ideas changed during the medieval period?