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Step by Step Science

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Combing videos from my YouTube channel, Step-by-Step Science, with results oriented teaching and learning resources. A Win-Win for teachers and their students. Teaching physics, chemistry and math in the United States & Germany for over 20 years. My YouTube channel, Step-by-Step Science, has hundreds of excellent physics, chemistry and math videos. Links to relevant YouTube videos are given on each worksheet.

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Combing videos from my YouTube channel, Step-by-Step Science, with results oriented teaching and learning resources. A Win-Win for teachers and their students. Teaching physics, chemistry and math in the United States & Germany for over 20 years. My YouTube channel, Step-by-Step Science, has hundreds of excellent physics, chemistry and math videos. Links to relevant YouTube videos are given on each worksheet.
PhET Simulation: Rutherford Scattering
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PhET Simulation: Rutherford Scattering

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This PhET Rutherford Scattering online physics lab provides an excellent opportunity for your students to observe, describe and compare the behavior of alpha particles as they travel though the Plum Pudding and Rutherford models of the atom. This simulation will enable your students to “see” alpha particles and their interactions with each of the atomic models presented in the simulation. After completing this lab your students should be able to: a) describe the difference between the Plum Pudding and the Rutherford models of the atom. b) describe how the alpha particle energy and the composition of the nucleus of an atom affect the amount of deflection of the alpha particles as they travel through the gold foil. c) explain the properties of the nucleus of an atom that Rutherford was able to deduce from the results of his experiments. Included in this product are: a getting started teachers guide. the PhET lab activity worksheets. solutions for the lab worksheets. PhET Interactive Simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET online simulations are available from their website: phet.colorado.edu. The simulations can be done in the classroom or during distance learning.
PhET Simulation: Color Vision
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PhET Simulation: Color Vision

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After completing this Color Vision PhET online physics lab your students will be able to: (1) describe what happens to white light when it passes through a color filter, (2) explain why filters are subtractive, (3) explain how white light is created, (4) state the three primary additive colors of light, (5) state the three secondary additive colors of light and explain how they are created, and (6) explain how other colors are created. This online lab activity uses the Color Vision HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. There is nothing to download or install. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: PhET Interactive Simulations. This product includes: (1) Three pages of notes on the theory of color vision. (2) The lab activity worksheets. (3) An answer key for the worksheets.
PhET Simulation: Forces and Motion
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PhET Simulation: Forces and Motion

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Looking for a great activity to start your unit on Newton’s laws of motion? Don’t want to give a big lecture or start with a bunch of mathematical calculations? Students love PhET Interactive Simulations and this guided inquiry activity on forces and motion is a great way to get started. Have fun and learn at the same time. This online lab activity uses the Forces and Motion: Basics HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. I find this to be a great guided inquiry activity that will work well for students from middle school through high school. This activity will guide students as they investigate different force scenarios and how they affect the motion of objects. They will be able to determine the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on an object, describe the effect of balanced and unbalanced forces acting on an object and why an object doesn’t move even when forces are being applied to it. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: PhET Interactive Simulations. After completion of this activity you can have further discussions about the types of forces acting on an object, drawing free body diagrams, and the relationship between mass, force and acceleration as described by Newton’s second law of motion. This product includes: (1) The activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of Newton’s laws of motion.
PhET Simulation: Law of Gravitation
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PhET Simulation: Law of Gravitation

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This engaging inquiry-based lab activity will guide your students to an understanding of Newton’s law of universal gravitation as they learn what factors affect the force between two masses. This online lab is intended to be used with the Gravity Force Lab: Basics HTML5 Simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. In the first activity students will learn that the gravitational force is always attractive. Newton’s law of universal gravitation is an inverse square law similar to Coulomb’s law. The difference is that gravitational forces are always attractive, while electrostatic forces can be attractive or repulsive. In the second activity students will determine the relationship between the force and the mass of the objects. In the third activity students will determine the relationship between the force and the distance between the objects. In the summary questions students will practice what they have learned from the simulation and will use Newton’s law of universal gravitation to calculate the gravitational constant and the magnitude of the force between objects. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: hET Interactive Simulations. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation.
PhET Simulation: Energy Skate Park
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PhET Simulation: Energy Skate Park

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With this PhET Simulation your students will gain a complete understanding of the law of conservation of energy and the relationship between potential, kinetic and total energy as the skater moves along the skate ramp. I have done this activity with my students many times and they always find it fun and engaging. The best part is that your students won’t even know they are learning as they complete the included laboratory assignment sheet. This inquiry-based lab activity uses the Energy Skate Park: Basics HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. This activity will guide students as they observe how and why the potential, kinetic and total energy of the skater as she moves along the ramp. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: PhET Interactive Simulations This product includes the lab worksheets and answer key in PDF format as well as a Getting Started Teachers Guide.
PhET Simulation: Newton's Laws of Motion
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PhET Simulation: Newton's Laws of Motion

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The primary goal of this activity is for your students to gain a deeper understanding of Newton’s first and second laws of motion. This is a great guided inquiry activity for investigating acceleration, balanced and unbalanced forces, and their effect on the motion of objects. After completion of this activity your students will be ready to start quantitative analysis of the motion of objects using Newton’s second law equation, F = m • a. I use this activity after my students have completed my Forces and Motion PhET Online Lab. This online lab activity uses the Forces and Motion: Basics HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation can be run from most cell phones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from this website: PhET Interactive Simulations. This product includes: (1) The activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of Newton’s laws of motion.
PhET Simulation: Hooke's Law Online Lab
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PhET Simulation: Hooke's Law Online Lab

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This product from my Tes shop will help your students gain a complete understanding of Hooke’s law, calculating the spring constant and determining the masses of unknown objects. I have done this activity with my students many times and they always find it fun and engaging. The best part is that your students won’t even know they are learning as they complete this online inquiry-based laboratory assignment. This HTML5 web-based inquiry lab can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. This lab activity will guide your students as they collect data, draw graphs, analyze results and formulate conclusions for the calculation and meaning of the spring constant. PhET interactive simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: PhET Interactive Simulations On the first page of the lab worksheet there is a link to one of the videos from my YouTube Channel, Step by Step Science. The video gives a detailed explanation of the material covered in this lab simulation. If students need help understanding the concepts or completing the lab, they can simply click on the link and watch the YouTube video where the concepts are explained in detail. This is an outstanding resource for students who need additional help or who are not able to attend class. The video is titled Simple Harmonic Motion: Hooke’s Law, Example Problem. This link will take you to the video: https://tinyurl.com/yy23ucxw. The product includes the Hooke’s law lab worksheets and answer key along with a Getting Started Teacher’s Guide.
PhET Simulation: Coulomb's Law
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PhET Simulation: Coulomb's Law

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This engaging inquiry based lab activity will guide your students to an understanding of Coulomb’s law as they learn what factors affect the force between two charged particles. This online lab is intended to be used with the Coulomb’s Law HTML5 Simulation from PhET interactive simulations. The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. In the first activity students will learn how to determine the direction of the force between two charged particles. In the second activity students will determine the relationship between the force and the amount of charge on the particles. In the third activity students will determine the relationship between the force and the distance between the charged particles. In the summary questions students will practice what they have learned from the simulation and will use the Coulomb’s law equation to calculate coulomb’s constant and the magnitude of the force between two charged particles. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: hET Interactive Simulations. This PhET online simulation can be done from the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of Coulomb’s law.
PhET Simulation: Projectile Motion Online Lab
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PhET Simulation: Projectile Motion Online Lab

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Using the PhET Projectile Motion simulation your students will perform several different experiments to investigate the motion of objects undergoing two-dimensional projectile motion. These investigations will include how the velocity and acceleration change in the x-direction and y-direction during the flight of the object and how the launch angle and mass of the object affect its range, maximum height and time of flight of the object. This web-based lab activity is available as a PDF file that can be completed by distance learners. This online lab activity uses the Projectile Motion HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: PhET Interactive Simulations This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of projectile motion.
PhET Simulation: States of Matter
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PhET Simulation: States of Matter

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In this guided inquiry online lab your students will investigate the three states of matter: solids, liquids and gases. By the end of this online lab they will be able to (1) describe the characteristics of the three states of matter, (2) compare the motion of the particles in the three different phases, (3) explain how to change the state of a material and be able to name the six different phase changes (4) understand that different substances have different melting and boiling temperatures and (5) state the relationship between the pressure, temperature, volume and amount of gas in a container. You will use one of the simulations from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation is called States of Matter: Basics (HTML5). The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. All of our PhET Online Labs can be purchased as a money saving bundle. PhET Interactive Simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: PhET Interactive Simulations. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes presenting a full explanation states of matter.
PhET Simulation: Balancing Act
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PhET Simulation: Balancing Act

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With this PhET online physics lab your students will have fun and learn physics at the same time. Why does the lever tip to the left and when will it tip to the right? The purpose of this activity is for your students to determine what conditions must be met for a first lever to balance. Along the way they will also be introduced to the concept of torque and will be able to answer the following questions: What is torque? What affects the amount of torque an object applies to a lever? How is torque calculated? This online lab is intended to be used with the Balancing Act HTML5 Simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: hET Interactive Simulations. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of levers and torque.
PhET Simulation: Refraction of Light
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PhET Simulation: Refraction of Light

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This is a great online lab experiment for introducing the physics concepts associated with the refraction of light. Using the PhET Bending of Light simulation your students will investigate the refraction of light, the index of refraction and the velocity of light through different materials. Your students will be able to explain how the indices of refraction affect the angle of refraction, how to calculate the index of refraction and how to calculate the velocity of light through various materials. This web-based lab activity is available as a PDF file and can be completed by distance learners. This lab activity uses the Faraday’s Law HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of the refraction of light, index of refraction and Snell’s law.
PhET Simulation: Faraday's Law
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PhET Simulation: Faraday's Law

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Using the PhET Faraday’s Law simulation your students will investigate electromagnetism and how changing the magnetic flux through a coil of wire induces a voltage in the coil of wire. Your students will be able to explain what happens when the magnet moves through the coil at different speeds, the difference between moving the magnet through the coil from the right side versus the left side and the difference between moving the magnet through a coil with more windings vs. a coil with fewer windings. This web-based lab activity is available as a PDF file that can be completed by distance learners. This online lab activity uses the Faraday’s Law HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. PhET simulations incorporate research-based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: hET Interactive Simulations. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of Faraday’s Law.
PhET Simulation Online Lab: Build an Atom
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PhET Simulation Online Lab: Build an Atom

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In this inquiry-based PhET online lab your students will investigate atomic structure and the subatomic particles that make up atoms using the Build an Atom simulation. They will learn the important terms used to describe atoms such as atomic number, mass number and net charge. They will also be introduced to the layout of the periodic table and how to locate elements on it. Students love working with the online simulations from PhET Interactive Simulations. The Build an Atom simulation is easy to use, interactive and gives immediate feedback when students are answering questions to check their understanding of key concepts. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: hET Interactive Simulations. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes presenting a full explanation of atomic structure.
PhET Simulation: Isotopes and Atomic Mass
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PhET Simulation: Isotopes and Atomic Mass

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Isotopes, atomic mass, percent abundance and average atomic mass can be very confusing concepts for students at all levels. This online inquiry lab will guide your students through these topics as they develop an in depth understanding of these concepts. This product is designed for use with the Isotopes and Atomic Mass HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. In this online lab your students will use information about the subatomic particles in an element’s nucleus and the element’s naturally occurring percent abundance in order to: (1) define the term isotope. (2) determine the identity of an atom. (3) calculate an element’s average atomic mass. (4) predict how an element’s average atomic mass will change if the percent abundance of its isotope changes. This online guided inquiry lab is geared towards high school and lower university students. PhET Interactive Simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Two pages of notes covering atomic structure and isotopes. (4) A Getting Started Teachers Guide explaining the learning goals of the online lab and the important points of the simulation that you should point out before students begin their investigations into isotopes and atomic mass.
PhET Simulation: Resistance & Ohm's Law
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PhET Simulation: Resistance & Ohm's Law

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This product contains two separate physics lab activities, Resistance and Ohm’s Law, to be completed with two different PhET Interactive Simulations. The lab activities focus on the qualitative relationships governing two physical phenomena by using visual representations to show the factors that affect the resistance and current. A minimum amount of math is needed to answer the included questions. Your students will have fun playing with the simulation sliders and seeing what happens. In the first activity, your students will use the simulation called Resistance in a Wire HTML5. The learning goals for this activity are: (1) to know the definition of the terms resistance and resistivity. (2) to discover how resistivity relates to the resistance of a wire. (3) to discover the relationship between the length of a wire and its resistance. (4) to discover the relationship between the cross-sectional area of a wire and its resistance. In the second activity, your students will use the simulation called Ohm’s Law HTML5. The learning goals for this activity are: (1) to discover the relationship between the voltage in an electric circuit and the current through the circuit. (2) to discover the relationship between the resistance of an electric circuit and the current through the circuit. (3) to discover the relationship between the voltage in an electric circuit and the resistance of a circuit. These online guided inquiry labs are geared towards middle school and high school students. These are HTML5 web-based simulations that will run right in your web browser. Nothing to download or install. PhET Interactive Simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Two pages of notes covering resistance and Ohm’s law. (4) A Getting Started Teachers Guide explaining the learning goals of the online lab and the important points of the simulation that you should point out before students begin their investigations into resistance and Ohm’s law.
PhET Simulation: Build a Molecule
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PhET Simulation: Build a Molecule

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In this guided inquiry two part lab your students will investigate molecules and how they are built. This activity is designed for use with the Build a Molecule HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. The learning goals for this activity are: (1) Students will be able to explain the difference between an atom and a molecule. (2) Students will be able to explain the difference between an element and a compound. (3) Students will be able to explain the difference between the coefficient and the subscript in a chemical formula. (4) Build molecules from their molecular and structural formulas. (5) Write the molecular formula of a compound from its structural formula. This lab is geared towards middle to lower high school students. With a little up front guidance your students will be able to complete this activity on their own and learn what molecules are and how they are built. PhET Interactive Simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Two pages of notes covering atoms, molecules, elements, compounds and chemical formulas. (4) A Getting Started Teachers Guide explaining the learning goals of the online lab and the important points of the simulation that you should point out before students begin their investigations into molecules and how they are built.
PhET Simulation: Period of a Pendulum
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PhET Simulation: Period of a Pendulum

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In completing this HTML5 web-based inquiry lab activity your students will gain a complete understanding of how mass, length, displacement and gravitational acceleration affect the period of a pendulum. I have done this activity with my students many times and they always find it fun and engaging. The best part is that your students won’t even know they are learning as they complete the inquiry-based laboratory assignment sheet that is included. This HTML5 inquiry lab can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. The pendulum simulation will guide students as they collect data, analyze results and formulate conclusions on what factors affect the period of a pendulum. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: PhET Interactive Simulations. The product includes the pendulum lab sheets and answer key as well as a Getting Started Teachers Guide.
PhET Simulation: Under Pressure
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PhET Simulation: Under Pressure

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In this guided inquiry online lab your students will investigate the pressure in fluids: liquids and air. By the end of this online lab they should be able to (1) describe how the pressure in air and water changes as a function of depth, (2) explain how the shape of the liquid container affects pressure, (3) describe all variables that affect pressure and (4) determine the density of an unknown fluid. This online lab is intended to be used with the Under Pressure (HTML5) Simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. PhET Interactive Simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: PhET Interactive Simulations. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes presenting a full explanation of pressure and pressure in liquids.
PhET Simulation: Snell’s Law
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PhET Simulation: Snell’s Law

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This fun, engaging, inquiry-based physics lab is a great way to get your students interested in the refraction of light and Snell’s Law. The online lab uses the Bending Light HTML5 simulation from PhET Interactive Simulations. The simulation can be run from most cellphones, tablets and computers. Nothing to download or install. The link for the simulation can be found inside the resource. In the first activity students will learn how to draw ray diagrams for light as it enters, travels through and then exits a material with a greater index of refraction than the surrounding environment. In the second activity students will collect data that they will use to derive the equation that describes the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction when light passes across a boundary between two materials with different indices of refraction, such as water, glass, or air. This is known as Snell’s Law and is used in ray tracing to compute the angles of incidence or refraction, and in experimental optics to find the refractive index of a material. In the final section, they will then use Snell’s Law to calculate the angles and the indices of refraction. PhET simulations incorporate research based, student centered activities that are fun and easy to use. All of the PhET simulations are available from their website: hET Interactive Simulations. This PhET online simulation can be done in the classroom or during distance learning. This product includes: (1) The lab activity worksheets. (2) An answer key for the worksheets. (3) Notes covering a full description of the refraction of light, index of refraction and Snell’s law.