A worksheet aimed at advanced level biology students, this resource focuses on the nature of chromosomes, the difference between haploid and diploid cells, the concept of a gene locus and the appearance of chromosomes at different stages of cell division - students are often confused by the single stranded versus double stranded chromosomes and so this is a useful exercise to undertake at the start of any topic involving mitosis or meiosis. Key words: chromosomes, meiosis, mitosis, genetics, locus, allele, diploid, haploid

A worksheet aimed at advanced level biology students, this resource uses the context of sickle cell disease to provide synoptic style questions on the nature of haemoglobin, the phenomenon of incomplete dominance, the link between sickle cell disease and malaria and finally, the phenomenon of heterozygote advantage. Key words: sickle cell, heterozygote advantage, malaria, incomplete dominance

A worksheet that recaps the basics of monohybrid cross diagrams using a (hypothetical) pink sheepdog as an example! The worksheet provides a template for students to organise and lay out their work clearly and finsihes with a challenge question requiring students to explain why predicted ratios do not necessarily match actual ratios. Key words: monohybrid, test, back, cross, predicted, inheritance, dominant, recessive

A resource aimed at 14-18 year old biology students, this worksheet provides an exercise on the inheritance of coat colour in dogs. The worksheet provides a template for students to organise their cross diagrams carefully and also provides a challenge question at the end, requiring students to explain how they could test for homozygosity (the classic 'test cross' or 'back cross'). Key words: Monohybrid, inheritance, genetics, test cross, back cross

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet provides a comprehensive summary of revision notes on the topic of monohybrid inheritance and Gregor Mendel's classic experiments. The worksheet requires missing words to be entered in the appropriate spaces. Once complete, students have a set of revision notes for their file. The second worksheet provides all the answers, making it possible to set this as a homework exercise that students can then self mark back in class. Key words: Mendel, monohybrid, cross, genetics, inheritance

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource focuses on how the HIV virus has evolved resistance to drug treatments over the last few decades and how some individuals have evolved resistance to the virus. The resource contains two articles (from BBC News and Medical News Today) as stimulus material followed by questions that require students to link their knowledge to these real-life applied examples. This resource is ideal stretch and challenge material for more able students once they have completed a topic on evolution. Key words: HIV, resistance, evolution, disease, virus, AIDS, drugs, medicine

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet requires students to interpret the British Royal Family pedigree chart and explain the inheritance of haemophilia from Queen Victoria (thought to be where the mutation first arose) onwards. Keywords: pedigree, chart, genetics, haemophilia, gene, allele, mutation, probablility

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet provides a template for students to work through Gregor Mendel's classic pea breeding experiments showing the results of the genetic cross. The template includes prompts for students to set out their working clearly, showing parental phenotype, genotype, gametes and offspring genotype and phenotype. The second page of the worksheet provides a template for students to work through an analysis of Gregor Mendel's actual results using the chi-squared test. A data table is included in order to determine whether results are significant or not; note that this is one of the rare cases where non-significance (between observed and expected data) actually lends weight to a theory - Mendel's results are not significantly different to those proposed by his theory. Key words: Mendel, genetics, pea, breeding, cross, diagrams, monohybrid, chi-squared, statistics, observed, expected, data

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, these two worksheets bridge the gap between the topics of meiosis and genetics. The first worksheet requires students to recap their knowledge and understanding of meiosis by drawing out the appearance of chromosomes (labelled with genes and alleles) at different stages of cell division. The second worksheet requires students to match definitions to key words (e.g. gene, allelle, homozygous, heterozygous, etc) and identify which characteristics are caused by genetic/environmental factors. Key words: genetics, meiosis, allele, gene, homozygous, heterozygous, gamete, dominant, recessive

A worksheet aimed at advanced level biology students, this resource provides a twenty question quiz on key processes involved in gene technology. The resource is ideal to use as a starter or plenary exercise once this topic has been taught, as a way of reinforcing key vocabulary and terms.

A worksheet aimed at advanced level biology students, this resource uses mallards as an example of directional selection. Students are required to predict the effect of climate changes to the amount of subcutaneous fat in a population of mallards over time. The worksheet requires students to predict the effect on a normal distribution curve and then finally explain the process of directional selection using the key phrases provided. Key words: directional, selection, mallard, normal distribution, reproductive success, differential, frequency, alleles, variation

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet provides some more unusual examples of dihybrid cross genetics including malvidin production in primrose, kernel colour in wheat and fruit colour in squash; all students will be aware of the classic 9:3:3:1 ratio, but they can often struggle when other factors such as codominance are included in the question. This resource is ideal stretch and challenge material for more able students once they have mastered the basics of the dihybrid cross. It is also ideal preparation for the more challenging questions on this topic favoured by most exam boards. Keywords: dihybrid, ratio, cross, genetics

A resource aimed at 14-18 year old biology students, this worksheet is useful as a starter or plenary exercise comparing continuous and discontinuous variation. The worksheet requires students to identify which traits fall into which category and considers the classic normal distribution curve shown by continuously variable characteristics. For more able students, the worksheet includes a section on using standard deviation to predict the percentage of the population that would occupy certain ranges. Key words: continuous, variation, discontinuous, genetics, monogenic, polygenic

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource consists of eight questions that focus on both multiple alleles and codominance. The examples chosen include fur colour in cats, hair colour in cattle and the appearance of the (fictional) American Bigfoot! A good resource to use as either a starter or plenary exercise to test understanding of either codominance or multiple alleles and phenotypic ratios. Key words: genetics, phenotype, codominance, multiple alleles, monohybrid

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource consists of four multiple choice questions designed to test understanding of A,B,O blood group genetics and inheritance.

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet is ideal as a starter or plenary recap of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis. The worksheet includes a space for students to draw out the series of light independent reactions from memory, but importantly, they are then asked a series of questions to identify the role of each substance. This is a very useful way of ensuring that students have understood the details of the reaction rather than just repeating diagrams parrot-fashion. Key words: photosynthesis, light independent, photosystems, chlorophyll, chloroplasts, thylakoid, stroma, electrons, reduction, oxidation, phosphorylation, ATP, NADP, RUBP, G3P, TP, RUBISCO, Calvin cycle

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet is ideal as a starter or plenary recap of the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The worksheet includes a space for students to draw out the series of light dependent reactions from memory, but importantly, they are then asked a series of questions to identify the role of each substance. This is a very useful way of ensuring that students have understood the details of the reaction rather than just repeating diagrams parrot-fashion. Key words: photosynthesis, light dependent, photosystems, chlorophyll, chloroplasts, thylakoid, stroma, electrons, reduction, oxidation, phosphorylation, ATP, NADP

A worksheet aimed at advanced level biology students, this resource serves as a simple starter or plenary activity to recap some of the main vocabulary and key terms met during a topic on photosynthesis. Answers to all the questions are provided on the second page of the worksheet.

A resource aimed at post-16 biology students, this worksheet contains a list of written instructions for students to draw in order to recreate a diagram of the light independent reactions of photosynthesis. This task can be given to the whole class and then a printed diagram of the light independent reactions given out at the end of the activity for students to compare their drawing to; alternatively the class can be divided into two at the start of the lesson - half get a diagram of the light independent reactions and are asked to describe each stage while the other half get this worksheet and are asked to draw a diagram; the two halves of each class can then be asked to verbally feedback to each other. This is a useful way of turning an otherwise dry topic into an involving and engaging activity. Key words: photosynthesis, light independent, RuBP, G3P, TP, ATP, RNADP, NADP, Calvin cycle, photophosphorylation, RUBISCO