LESSON OBJECTIVE: Investigate the concept of electrode potential and describe galvanic cells.
Learning Outcomes:
(taken from the Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry curriculum)
24.2 Standard electrode potentials E⦵; standard cell potentials E⦵cell and the Nernst equation
1 define the terms:
(a) standard electrode (reduction) potential
(b) standard cell potential
LESSON OBJECTIVE: Understand the concept of Gibbs free energy, ΔG, and use the equation ΔG = ΔH – TΔS to determine the feasibility of a reaction.
Learning Outcomes:
(taken from the Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry curriculum)
23.4 Gibbs free energy change, ΔS
1 state and use the Gibbs equation ΔG⦵ = ΔH⦵ – TΔS⦵
2 perform calculations using the equation ΔG⦵ = ΔH⦵ – TΔS⦵
3 state whether a reaction or process will be feasible by using the sign of ΔG
4 predict the effect of temperature change on the feasibility of a reaction, given standard enthalpy and entropy changes
LESSON OBJECTIVE: Understand the concept of electron affinity and use Born-Haber cycles to calculate lattice energies
Learning Outcomes:
(taken from the Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry curriculum)
23.1 Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycles
define and use the terms:
a) enthalpy change of atomisation, ΔHat
b) lattice energy, ΔHlatt (the change from gas phase ions to solid lattice)
a) define and use the term first electron affinity, EA
b) explain the factors affecting the electron affinities of elements
c) describe and explain the trends in the electron affinities of the Group 16 and Group 17 elements
construct and use Born–Haber cycles for ionic solids (limited to +1 and +2 cations, –1 and –2 anions)
carry out calculations involving Born–Haber cycles
explain, in qualitative terms, the effect of ionic charge and of ionic radius on the numerical magnitude of a lattice energy
LESSON OBJECTIVE: Investigate entropy changes and predict entropy changes that will occur during state changes and chemical reactions.
Learning Outcomes:
(taken from the Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry curriculum)
23.3 Entropy change, ΔS
2. predict and explain the sign of the entropy changes that occur:
a) during a change in state, e.g. melting, boiling and dissolving (and their reverse)
b) during a temperature change
c) during a reaction in which there is a change in the number of gaseous molecules
LESSON OBJECTIVE: Calculate the entropy change for a reaction and interpret the value to determine if a process will be spontaneous or not.
Learning Outcomes:
(taken from the Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry curriculum)
23.3 Entropy change, ΔS
3. calculate the entropy change for a reaction, ΔS, given the standard entropies, S⦵, of the reactants and products, ΔS⦵ = ΣS⦵ (products) – ΣS⦵ (reactants)
(use of ΔS⦵ = ΔSsurr⦵ + ΔSsys⦵ is not required)
LESSON OBJECTIVE: Understand entropy as a measure of the disorder of a system.
Learning Outcomes:
(taken from the Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry curriculum)
23.3 Entropy change, ΔS
define the term entropy, S, as the number of possible arrangements of the particles and their energy in a given system
LESSON OBJECTIVE: Investigate electrolysis and predict products from the electrolysis of both molten and aqueous compounds
Learning Outcomes:
(taken from the Cambridge International AS and A Level Chemistry curriculum)
24.1 Electrolysis
1 predict the identities of substances liberated during electrolysis from the state of electrolyte (molten or aqueous), position in the redox series (electrode potential) and concentration
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Four lessons consisting of a unit on equilibria, adressing CIE learning outcomes. Each lesson consists of lesson slides and student led tasks.
Consists of the following lessons:
pH and the Acid Dissociation Constant
Indicators and Acid-Base Titrations
Buffer Solutions
Solubility Products, the Common Ion Effect and Partition Coefficients
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Six lessons consisting of a unit on chemical energetics, addressing CIE learning outcomes. Each lesson consists of lesson slides and student led tasks.
Consists of the following lessons:
1) Lattice Energy and Born-Haber Cycles
2) Enthalpies of Solution and Hydration
3) An Introduction to Entropy
4) Entropy Changes
5) Calculating Changes in Entropy
6) Gibbs Free Energy
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Seven lessons consisting of a unit on electrochemistry, addressing CIE learning outcomes. Each lesson consists of lesson slides and student led tasks.
Consists of the following lessons:
An Overview of Electrolysis
Quantitative Electrolysis
An Introduction to Electrode Potentials
Measuring Standard Electrode Potentials
Calculating Standard Cell Potentials
The Nernst Equation, Concentration and Cell Potential
Spontaneity, Gibbs Free Energy and Cell Potential