Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Physics Lecture 33 - Cosmology. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 8.11P - Understand how the brightness of a star at a standard distance can be represented using absolute magnitude. Specification Point 8.12P - Draw the main components of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Specification Point 8.13P - Describe the past evolution of the universe and the main arguments in favour of the Big Bang theory. Specification Point 8.14P - Describe evidence that supports the Big Bang theory. Specification Point 8.15P - Describe that if a wave source is moving relative to an observer, there will be a change in the observed frequency and wavelength. Specification Point 8.16P - Use the equation relating to change in wavelength, reference wavelength, velocity of a galaxy and the speed of light. Specification Point 8.17P - Describe the red-shift in light received from galaxies at different distances away from the Earth. Specification Point 8.18P - Explain why the red-shift of galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe. Complete set of Chapter 8 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 8.11P - Understand how the brightness of a star at a standard distance can be represented using absolute magnitude. Specification Point 8.12P - Draw the main components of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Specification Point 8.13P - Describe the past evolution of the universe and the main arguments in favour of the Big Bang theory. Specification Point 8.14P - Describe evidence that supports the Big Bang theory. Specification Point 8.15P - Describe that if a wave source is moving relative to an observer, there will be a change in the observed frequency and wavelength. Specification Point 8.16P - Use the equation relating to change in wavelength, reference wavelength, velocity of a galaxy and the speed of light. Specification Point 8.17P - Describe the red-shift in light received from galaxies at different distances away from the Earth. Specification Point 8.18P - Explain why the red-shift of galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe. Complete set of Chapter 8 Lessons are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 8.7 - Understand how stars can be classified according to their colour. Specification Point 8.8 - Know that a star’s colour is related to its surface temperature. Specification Point 8.9 - Describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun through the following stages: nebula, star, red giant and white dwarf. Specification Point 8.10 - Describe the evolution of stars with a mass larger than the Sun. Complete set of Chapter 8 Lectures are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Physics Lecture 32 - The Evolution of Stars. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 8.7 - Understand how stars can be classified according to their colour. Specification Point 8.8 - Know that a star’s colour is related to its surface temperature. Specification Point 8.9 - Describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun through the following stages: nebula, star, red giant and white dwarf. Specification Point 8.10 - Describe the evolution of stars with a mass larger than the Sun. Complete set of Chapter 8 Lectures are available. Complete set of Chapter 8 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 8.7 - Understand how stars can be classified according to their colour. Specification Point 8.8 - Know that a star’s colour is related to its surface temperature. Specification Point 8.9 - Describe the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun through the following stages: nebula, star, red giant and white dwarf. Specification Point 8.10 - Describe the evolution of stars with a mass larger than the Sun. Complete set of Chapter 8 Lessons are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 7.1 - Use the following units: becquerel (Bq), centimetre (cm), hour (h), minute (min) and second (s). Specification Point 7.2 - Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons. Specification Point 7.3 - Know the terms atomic number, mass number and isotope. Specification Point 7.4 - Know that alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays are ionising radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process. Specification Point 7.5 - Describe the nature of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to ionise. Specification Point 7.6 - Practical: investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation using either radioactive sources or simulations. Specification Point 7.7 - Describe the effects on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of each of the four main types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation). Specification Point 7.8 - Understand how to balance nuclear equations in terms of mass and charge. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 7.1 - Use the following units: becquerel (Bq), centimetre (cm), hour (h), minute (min) and second (s). Specification Point 7.2 - Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons. Specification Point 7.3 - Know the terms atomic number, mass number and isotope. Specification Point 7.4 - Know that alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays are ionising radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process. Specification Point 7.5 - Describe the nature of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to ionise. Specification Point 7.6 - Practical: investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation using either radioactive sources or simulations. Specification Point 7.7 - Describe the effects on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of each of the four main types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation). Specification Point 7.8 - Understand how to balance nuclear equations in terms of mass and charge. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Physics Lecture 28 - Radioactivity Part 1. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 7.1 - Use the following units: becquerel (Bq), centimetre (cm), hour (h), minute (min) and second (s). Specification Point 7.2 - Describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons. Specification Point 7.3 - Know the terms atomic number, mass number and isotope. Specification Point 7.4 - Know that alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays are ionising radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process. Specification Point 7.5 - Describe the nature of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays, and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to ionise. Specification Point 7.6 - Practical: investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation using either radioactive sources or simulations. Specification Point 7.7 - Describe the effects on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of each of the four main types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation). Specification Point 7.8 - Understand how to balance nuclear equations in terms of mass and charge. Complete set of Chapter 7 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 8.11P - Understand how the brightness of a star at a standard distance can be represented using absolute magnitude. Specification Point 8.12P - Draw the main components of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram. Specification Point 8.13P - Describe the past evolution of the universe and the main arguments in favour of the Big Bang theory. Specification Point 8.14P - Describe evidence that supports the Big Bang theory. Specification Point 8.15P - Describe that if a wave source is moving relative to an observer, there will be a change in the observed frequency and wavelength. Specification Point 8.16P - Use the equation relating to change in wavelength, reference wavelength, velocity of a galaxy and the speed of light. Specification Point 8.17P - Describe the red-shift in light received from galaxies at different distances away from the Earth. Specification Point 8.18P - Explain why the red-shift of galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe. Complete set of Chapter 8 Lectures are available.

Complete set of companion PDF worksheets for Edexcel IGCSE Physics (4PH1) Chapter 8 - Astrophysics. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Three worksheets included: 31 - The Universe 32 - The Evolution of Stars 33 - Cosmology

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.1 - Use a variety of energy units. Specification Point 4.2 - Describe energy transfers involving energy stores. Specification Point 4.3 - Use the principle of conservation of energy. Specification Point 4.4 - Know and use the relationship between efficiency, useful energy output and total energy output. Specification Point 4.5 - Describe a variety of everyday and scientific devices and situations, explaining the transfer of the input energy in terms of the above relationship, including their representation by Sankey diagrams. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.1 - Use a variety of energy units. Specification Point 4.2 - Describe energy transfers involving energy stores. Specification Point 4.3 - Use the principle of conservation of energy. Specification Point 4.4 - Know and use the relationship between efficiency, useful energy output and total energy output. Specification Point 4.5 - Describe a variety of everyday and scientific devices and situations, explaining the transfer of the input energy in terms of the above relationship, including their representation by Sankey diagrams. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Physics Lecture 25 - Magnetism. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 6.1 - Use the following units: ampere (A), volt (V) and watt (W). Specification Point 6.2 - Know that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances. Specification Point 6.3 - Describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials. Specification Point 6.4 - Understand the term magnetic field line. Specification Point 6.5 - Know that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic field. Specification Point 6.6 - Practical: investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and between two bar magnets. Specification Point 6.7 - Describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field pattern. Complete set of Chapter 6 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 6.1 - Use the following units: ampere (A), volt (V) and watt (W). Specification Point 6.2 - Know that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances. Specification Point 6.3 - Describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials. Specification Point 6.4 - Understand the term magnetic field line. Specification Point 6.5 - Know that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic field. Specification Point 6.6 - Practical: investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and between two bar magnets. Specification Point 6.7 - Describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field pattern. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lessons are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 6.1 - Use the following units: ampere (A), volt (V) and watt (W). Specification Point 6.2 - Know that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances. Specification Point 6.3 - Describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials. Specification Point 6.4 - Understand the term magnetic field line. Specification Point 6.5 - Know that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic field. Specification Point 6.6 - Practical: investigate the magnetic field pattern for a permanent bar magnet and between two bar magnets. Specification Point 6.7 - Describe how to use two permanent magnets to produce a uniform magnetic field pattern. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 7.10 - Explain the sources of background radiation from Earth and space. Specification Point 7.11 - Know that the activity of a radioactive source decreases over a period of time and is measured in becquerels. Specification Point 7.12 - Know the definition of the term half-life and understand that it is different for different radioactive isotopes. Specification Point 7.13 - Use the concept of the half-life to carry out simple calculations on activity, including graphical methods. Specification Point 7.14 - Describe uses of radioactivity in industry and medicine. Specification Point 7.15 - Describe the difference between contamination and irradiation. Specification Point 7.16 - Describe the dangers of ionising radiations and how to dispose of radioactive waste. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lessons are available.