Comprehensive Revision Notes Covering: Coasts are Natural Systems, Sources of Energy in Coastal Systems, Coasts Can Be High Energy or Low Energy, Sediment Sources in Coastal Systems, Six Ways Waves Erode the Coastline, Transportation is the Process of Eroded Material Being Moved, Deposition is the Process of Dropping Eroded Material, Sub-Aerial Weathering Occurs Along the Coastline, Salt Weathering, Freeze-thaw Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Wetting and Drying, Some Coastal Landforms are Caused by Erosion, Some Coastal Landforms are Caused by Deposition, Sea Level Changes are Eustatic or Isostatic, Climate Change Causes Changes in Sea Level, Climate Change Has Impacts on Coastal Areas, Sea Level Rise Result in Coastlines of Submergence, Only Some Parts of the Coast are Defended, Four Options for Coastal Management, Hard Engineering Defences, Soft Engineering Defences and Sustainable Management Strategies for the Future.

Comprehensive Presentation that Covers: Mass Movements, Flooding, Tectonics, Tsunamis, Volcanic Hazards, Impact of Earthquakes, Factors Affecting the Impact of a Volcano and Hazard Management and Risk Assessments.

Comprehensive Presentation that Covers: Mass Movements, Flooding, Tectonics, Tsunamis, Volcanic Hazards, Impact of Earthquakes, Factors Affecting the Impact of a Volcano and Hazard Management and Risk Assessments.

Comprehensive Revision Notes Covering: Processes of Movement of People - Urbanisation, Suburbanisation, Counter-Urbanisation, Urban Resurgence, Population Growth in Urban Areas - Mega City, World City, Cities Urbanise in Different Ways - Economic, Social, Technological, Political, Demographic, Cities in Developed Countries Processes of Change - Deindustrialisation, Rise of the Service Economy, Decentralisation, Schemes to Improve Cities in the UK Since 1979 - Urban Development Corporations 1979-1990s, Enterprise Zones 1981-Present, City Challenge 1991-1997, Partnership Schemes 2010-Present, Urban Form - Physical Factors, Human Factors, Central Business District (CBD), Modern Urban Areas - Town Centre Mixed Developments, Cultural and Heritage Quarters, Fortress Developments, Gentrified Areas, Edge Cities, Changes in Modern Urban Areas - Economic Inequality, Economic Inequality Issues in Cities, Strategies to Reduce Poverty and Economic Inequalities in Urban Areas, Strategies to Encourage Social and Cultural Integration, Case Study - London, Case Study - Sao Paulo, Urban Heat Island Effect - Four Main Causes of the UHI Effect, UHI Effect Explanatory, Particulates - Sources of Particulates, Traffic Measures to Reduce Pollution - Congestion Charging, Pedestrianisation, Public Transport Improvements, Schemes for Reducing Traffic - Legislation, Alternative Fuels, Buildings Impermeable Materials - Methods to Manage River Catchments, Restoring Water System - Enfield, Three Primary Sources of Waste, Waste Streams and Components of Waste Vary - Economic Characteristics, Lifestyles, Attitudes, Methods of Waste Disposal Environmental Impacts - Case Study - Singapore - Atmospheric Pollution, Water Pollution, Urban Dereliction, Bangkok - Case Study - Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Dereliction, Manchester - Case Study - Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Dereliction, Cities Local Impact on The Environment, Dimensions of Sustainability, Cities Local Impact on The Environment, Dimensions of Sustainability - Natural, Physical, Social, Economic, Liveability - Different Strategies for Increasing Sustainability.

Comprehensive Revision Notes Covering: The Structure of Ecosystems, Energy Flows and Nutrient Cycling, Trophic Levels, Food Chains and Webs, Ecosystems in the British Isles Over Time - Succession and Climax, Development of a Succession, Lithosere, Hydrosere, Temperate Deciduous Woodland, Arresting Factors, Plagioclimax: Heather Moorland, Tropical Biomes, The Tropical Equatorial Rainforest Biome - Climate, Soils, Characteristic Features, Vegetation, The Effects of Human Activity on Plant Succession, Causes of Deforestation, Impacts of Deforestation, Tropical Biome – Savannah Grassland, The Savanna Grassland Biome - Climate, Precipitation Varies, Temperature Varies, Ecological Responses - Soil Moisture Budgets - Northern Ghana, Northern Ghana Characteristics, Adaptations by Vegetation, Impact of Human Activity, The Tropical Monsoon Forest Biome - Climate, Ecological Responses - Soil Moisture Budgets, Adaptations by Vegetation and Animals, Impact of Human Activity, Development Issues in the Three Biomes, Ecosystem Issues on a Local Scale - Urban Niches, Colonisation of Wasteland, Succession - Industrial site, Ecologies Along Route Ways, Introduction of New Species, Gardens and Parks, Changes in the Rural Urban Fringe, Ecological Conservation Areas, Dulwich Upper Wood Conservation Area, Species in the Wood, Why the Site is Interesting? Ecosystem Issues on a Global Scale - Human Activity, Biodiversity and Sustainability, Management of Fragile Environments, Case Study: Central Amazon Conservation Complex - Management, Case Study: Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania - History, Management, The Sundarbans Reserved Forest, Bangladesh - Threats, Flora and Fauna and Management.

Comprehensive Presentation Covering: Demographic transition: how the rate of growth changes over time, Demographic Transition, The Components of Population Change, Factors Affecting Population Change, The Population and Resources Relationship, Who Was Right? Over, Under and Optimum Population, Definitions, How can resources be defined and classified? Definitions, Classification by Source and How changes in technology and society may result in changes in the definition of resources?

Comprehensive Revision Notes Covering: Global Population, Physical Factors Affecting Population, Food Production and Consumption, Agricultural Productivity and Systems, Polar Climates, Tropical Climates, Climate Change, Soil Functions, Classification, Zonal Soils – Latosols, Soil Water Erosion, Soil Solutions, Major Soil Issues, Structural Deterioration, Increasing Food Security, Health, Morbidity Patterns, Epidemiological Transition – Changing Mortality Patterns, Geography of Disease - Topography, Climate, Air, Water, Biologically Transmitted Disease Case Study – Malaria - Physical, Socio-Economic, Impacts, Management/Mitigation, Non-Communicable Disease Case Study – Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) - Physical, Socio-Economic, Impacts, Management /Mitigation, Role of International Agencies - Successes, Criticism, Role of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), Health in Knowsley (Local Area – Physical/Socio-Economic Factors - Physical/Built Environment, Socio-Economic, Attitudes Experiences, Natural Population Change - Demographic Transition Model, Cultural Controls, Population Pyramids, Demographic Dividend, International Migration, Population Ecology, Population Ecology Key Terms, Ecological Footprint, Positive Feedback, Negative Feedback, Population Growth Theories - Malthus, Neo-Malthusians, Ester Boserup, Julian Simon, Health Impacts of Environmental Change - Ozone Depletion, Rising Temperatures, Agricultural Productivity, Food Production and Nutritional Standards, Prospects for Global Population, Change in Distribution, Conflicting Views, Consensus Views, Future Population-Environment Relationship, Climate Change, Destruction of Natural Habitats, Water Supplies, Soil Erosion, Meat Production, Population Change/Migration Case Study – Poland/UK, Impacts on Poland and Impacts of UK.

Comprehensive Notes Covering: Deserts as Natural Systems, Systems and Processes, Arid Landscapes, Desertification, What are the Impacts of Desertification? What are Dryland Ecosystems? Why are dryland ecosystems so vulnerable to over-exploitation and inappropriate land use? and Desertification and Food Insecurity Case Studies.

Comprehensive Presentation Covering: Holistic Management – ICZM Schemes, Policy Decisions, Odisha ICZM, Making Complex Judgments, Coastal Management, Sustainable Management, Consequences Of Coastal Recession And Flooding, The Threat Of Rapid Coastal Retreat At Holderness, Causes Of Cliff Retreat, The Influence Of Sub-Aerial Processes On Coastal ErosionAnd Temporal Variation, The Risk Of Coastal Flooding, Storm Surges, Northern Europe Storm Surge 2013, Climate Change And Flood Risk, Sea Level Change, Coastal Features Produced By Sea Level Change, The Risk Of Contemporary Sea Level Change, Subaerial Processes I - Weathering, Subaerial Processes II – Mass Movement, Sediment Transport, Depositional Landforms, Depositional Landforms II, The Sediment Cell Concept, Waves, Waves II, The Contribution Of Waves, Erosion Processes, Erosional Landforms, The Impact Of Lithology On Cliff Recession, Differential Erosion, Stabilisation, Lithology Influences The Formation Of Certain Coasts, The Influence of Lithology, The Littoral Zone, Types Of Coast and Sediment Supply.

Comprehensive Presentation that covers: Concerns About Unsustainability, Social, Political And Environmental Tensions, Consequences Of Globalisation, Controlling Globalisation And Defending Culture, Inequality Measures, Global Interconnections I: Megacities, Global Interconnections II: Migration, Westernisation, Opposing Globalisation, The Global Shift I, The Global Shift II: China, Measuring Globalisation, TNC Influence, Switched Off Countries, Political And Economic Decision-Making: IGOS, Political And Economic Decision-Making: Trade Blocs, Political And Economic Decision-Making: Governments, Political And Economic Decision-Making: Governments and The Time-Space Compression.

Comprehensive Revision Notes Covering: Coasts are Natural Systems, Sources of Energy in Coastal Systems, Coasts Can Be High Energy or Low Energy, Sediment Sources in Coastal Systems, Six Ways Waves Erode the Coastline, Transportation is the Process of Eroded Material Being Moved, Deposition is the Process of Dropping Eroded Material, Sub-Aerial Weathering Occurs Along the Coastline, Salt Weathering, Freeze-thaw Weathering, Chemical Weathering, Wetting and Drying, Some Coastal Landforms are Caused by Erosion, Some Coastal Landforms are Caused by Deposition, Sea Level Changes are Eustatic or Isostatic, Climate Change Causes Changes in Sea Level, Climate Change Has Impacts on Coastal Areas, Sea Level Rise Result in Coastlines of Submergence, Only Some Parts of the Coast are Defended, Four Options for Coastal Management, Hard Engineering Defences, Soft Engineering Defences and Sustainable Management Strategies for the Future.

Comprehensive Presentation Covering: The Structure of an Ecosystem, Gersmehl Diagram, Gersmehl Diagram: In Real Life, Energy Flow between Organisms, Vegetation Succession in the Lithosere, Arresting Factors, Structure of a Deciduous Woodland - The British Isles, The Plagioclimax: A Case Study, Tropical Savanna Grasslands, Characteristics from the Rainforest to the Hot Desert (Influenced by ITCZ’s), Soil Moisture Budget, The Origin of the Savanna…Climatic or PlagioClimax?Development Pressures on the Savanna Grasslands: Kenya, Colonisation of Wasteland, Introduction of Species, Routeway Ecologies, Conservation: Dulwich Upper Wood, Why is Biodiversity Important? Balancing Preservation with Exploitation - Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development: Is it possible with Fragile Environments? Sustainable Development: Is it possible with Fragile Environments? Managing Fragile Environments: Serengeti, Managing Fragile Environments: Serengeti, Managing Fragile Environments: Amazon Rainforest and Managing Fragile Environments: Amazon Rainforest.

Comprehensive Presentation Covering: Geopolitical power is conferred by a range of human and physical characteristics, Mechanisms for maintaining power: Mackinder, Problems with Mackinder’s theory, Patterns of power change over time, How did the UK become a superpower? A Bipolar World, Mechanisms of maintaining power in the cold war era, Emerging Powers, Other Emerging Powers, Development Theory Can Explain Changing Patterns Of Power, Modernisation Theory, Dependency Theory, IGOS, The Role Of TNCS, International Decision-Making, Military Alliances, Economic Alliances, Environmental Alliances, United Nations, Disproportionate Environmental Concerns, Differences in willingness to act on environmental concerns, Emerging Middle Class, Superpower Tensions, The Arctic Circle Tensions, Iraq, Trips Violations, Contested Spheres Of Influence: South China Sea, Contested Spheres Of Influence II: Russia And Eastern Europe, Superpower Relations With Developing Nations, Chinese Investment In Africa, China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’, Asian Tensions, Middle East Tensions, Threats To Existing Superpowers, Economic Challenges, Social Issues, The Costs Of Maintaining Global Military Power, Military Power II and Future Balance Of Power.

Comprehensive Revision Notes Covering: What is a Super Power? Attributes of a Superpower, Different Types of Power, Changing Patterns of Powers, Capitalism and Communism, How Did They Become Superpowers? How Did They Maintain Their Influence? What Legacies Did Communism Leave When USSR Broke Down? Russia as a Super Power Again? Ukraine, International Organisations, Superpower Futures, Theories Explaining Growth of Superpowers, Emerging Superpowers, Indirectly Controlling Peripheral Areas like Ghana, Superpowers Role in International Decision-Making, The Environmental and Social Implications of the Rise of the BRICS, Winners vs. Losers and Differences in Ideologies and how these could have Created Tension.

Comprehensive Revision Notes Covering: History of Globalisation, Containerisation, A Shrinking World, How Globalisation Works, Pakistan’s Fisherman, Global Players, The World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organisation (WTO), International Trading Blocs, Ghana’s Cocoa Trade - Case Study, Vietnam Calling - Case Study and Cotton in Guatemala - Case Study.

Comprehensive Presentation Covering: Natural Systems, Sources Of Energy At The Coast, Sources Of Sediment, Sediment Cells And Budgets, Sediment Cell Diagram, Weathering, Mass Movement, Marine Processes- Erosion, Marine Processes- Transportation, Marine Processes- Deposition, Sea Level Change, Landforms Caused by Changing Sea Level, Contemporary Sea Level Change, Coastal Management, Sustainable Integrated Approaches, Case Study Holderness and Case Study Odisha, India.

Comprehensive Presentation that Covers: The Global Water Cycle is of Enormous Importance to Life on Earth, Important Fluxes, The Water Budget, The Drainage Basin, An Open System Within The Global Cycle, Basin-Wide Factors, Precipitation, UK Precipitation, Human Disruptions, The Water Cycle Involves Water Budgets And River Systems At A Local Scale, Annual Budget Graphs, The Impact On Soil Water Availability, River Regimes, Storm Hydrographs, Why And How Storm Hydrographs Vary, Physical Factors Influencing Storm Hydrographs, Human Factors Influencing Storm Hydrographs, Players, Water Deficits, Normal Years, La Nina, El Nino, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) And The Future, How Does Human Activity Contribute To Deficits? The Impact Of Deficit On Ecosystems, Water Surpluses, Impacts Of Storm Desmond 2015, Other Causes Of Surpluses, Human Actions Increasing Flood Risk, Climate Change, California, Implications, Water Insecurity, Physical/Human Causes Of Water Insecurity, Increasing Pressure On Water Resources, Future Projections, The Consequences Of Water Insecurity, Why Does The Price Of Water Vary? Water Privatisation, Water Poverty Index (WPI), The Importance Of Water Supply For Development, Supply And Wellbeing, Murray-Darling Basin Insecurity, Potential For Water Conflict, Nile Basin Conflict, Gaza Water Conflict, Colorado Basin Water Conflict, The Varied Sustainability Of Water Supply Management Schemes, Hard Engineering, Sustainable Schemes and Players In Reducing Water Conflict.

Comprehensive Revision Notes that Cover: How Do Population Structures Vary? - Population Structures, Population Characteristics, Past and Present Connections, How Do Different People View Diverse Living Spaces? - Urban Places, Rural Places, Evaluating Living Spaces, Why Are There Demographic and Cultural Tensions in Diverse Places? - Culture and Society in the UK, Levels of Segregation, Changes to Diverse Places, How Successfully are Cultural and Demographic Issues Managed? - Measuring Management Techniques, Urban Changes and Stakeholders and Rural Changes and Stakeholders.

Comprehensive Presentation that Covers: Gentrification, Partnership Schemes and Property-led regeneration schemes.

Comprehensive Presentation that Covers: Mass Movements, Flooding, Tectonics, Tsunamis, Volcanic Hazards, Impact of Earthquakes, Factors Affecting the Impact of a Volcano and Hazard Management and Risk Assessments.