6-7 – A Balanced Carbon Cycle (The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security, Edexcel, A level) Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 6-7 of 19: A Balanced Carbon Cycle (greenhouse effect, soil, sequestration, carbon pathways) Key words quiz starter with mark scheme The natural and enhanced greenhouse effect Solar insolation Photosynthesis, phytoplankton, ecosystems, sequestration Carbon balance in soil (‘soil from memory’ game) Healthy soils Practise questions, model answers and a mark scheme Impacts of fossil fuel consumption (student choice to study two from: equilibrium, climate map, arctic amplification, links to the water cycle) Carbon pathways Positive and negative feedback loops Thoughtful discussion plenary Key content from the lesson Notes for teachers

Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 2-3 of 19: The Carbon Cycle (stores, fluxes, geological and bio-geochemical carbon cycles) Key words quiz starter with mark scheme Questions to check prior knowledge What is carbon? Recap: The Global Hydrological Cycle (Systems) Stores and fluxes The long term geological carbon cycle (students add labels to a hand drawn blank sketch) Skills: Ranking carbon stores and fluxes Bio-geochemical carbon cycle (students design their own diagram) Explain and discuss questions with model answers Comparison of factors which affect the carbon cycle Extension question Photosynthesis and respiration Exam question and mark scheme Plenary to summarise learning (with answers) Key content from the lesson Notes for teachers Additional document with blank carbon cycle sketch

Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 10-11 of 19: Fossil Fuels (geology, energy pathways, chokepoints, proxy wars, tar sands) Key words quiz starter with mark scheme Skills: Ranking data and justifying reasons Geology of fossil fuels (geologic time scale, formation, folding and faulting) Fossil fuel demand Energy pathways Maritime chokepoints Political conflict and proxy wars Skills: interpreting and evaluating maps Unconventional fossil fuels (shale gas and oil shale) Canadian tar sands analysis Plenary: debate based on energy players + conflict matrix Key content from the lesson Notes for teachers Additional document with blank conflict matrix

Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 8-9 of 19: A Balanced Carbon Cycle (energy mix, security, consumption, energy players) Discussion starter The Energy Mix Skills: interpreting satellite maps Energy Security Urban vs rural energy Energy consumption trends (GDP per capita) Skills: interpreting graphs and proportional circles Primary and secondary sources of energy Non-renewable, renewable, recyclable UK energy mix compared to Norway energy mix Energy players Skills: conflict matrix (plus additional sheet to print) Exam question (12 marks) with mark scheme and two model answers using alternate data sets. Discussion plenary Key content from the lesson Notes for teachers

Resource includes: End of topic assessment with past exam questions Mark scheme for end of topic assessment Homework tasks for carbon cycle topic with five exam questions from 8-20 marks Mark schemes for homework tasks

Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 4-5 of 19: The Carbon Cycle (Gulf Stream, biological carbon pump, role of soil and trees) Key words quiz starter with mark scheme Thermohaline circulation The failing Gulf Stream The biological carbon pump and the carbonate pump (Students use a writing frame to explain these processes and then design a diagram to represent this – 4 examples provided) Terrestrial stores: producers, consumers, decomposers Respiration and photosynthesis recap The role of soil and trees in the carbon cycle Exam skills: Explain the significance vs assess the significance (with 3 model answers for comparison) Two more practise exam questions with model answers and mark schemes Plenary – draw a systems diagram Key content from the lesson Notes for teachers Additional document with images to stick in and annotate

Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 18-19 of 19: Responding to Climate Change (feedback mechanisms, adaptation and mitigation) Key words quiz starter with mark scheme Deforestation and soil erosion Kuznet’s curve recap Projections of future emissions and surface temperatures Feedback mechanisms Future and uncertainty Permafrost and peatlands Tipping point and critical threshold Forest dieback Changes in thermohaline circulation system Adaptation and mitigation strategies 20 mark ‘evaluate’ question + detailed essay scaffold for planning provided on an extra sheet for students to complete Students unpick the themes of ‘scale, players, development’ in detail before attempting the essay Mark scheme Extra reading Key content from the lesson Notes for teachers Additional sheet with breakdown of command terms – Assess and Evaluate

Edexcel. Topic 4A: Regenerating Places. What Has Shaped the Characteristics of ‘Your Chosen Places’? Lessons 4-5 of 21. Knowledge quiz starter with mark scheme Discussion of specification – ‘Your Chosen Places’ El Raval, Barcelona is the contrasting place used here (all case study content is provided), but teachers may prefer to choose a place in the UK. Students are guided to choose and then research a local place (prompts and websites are suggested for student research) Case studies cover: background of the place, economic activity and inequalities, functions and changes, regional, national, international and global influences, place representation, how the lives of students and others are affected by continuity and change, perception 8 mark exam question with half a model answer Plenary – 12 mark exam question with table to suggest content, essay skeleton and half a model answer. Slide linking content to the specification Teacher’s notes slides covering text book references, revision for class knowledge tests, assessed homework and end of topic test. - Extra sheets: Double sided sheet to print in A3 for students (plus an extra version of the same sheet which has some of the case study notes on it) This lesson promotes personal enquiry and helps to develop students’ internet research skills and their interpretation of complex, data which will be needed for the independent investigation.

Edexcel. Topic 4A: Regenerating Places. Introducing ‘Place’: Lesson 1 of 21. Discussion starter Definitions Sense of belonging Spatial and social attachment Physical and human characteristics of urban and rural areas What is regeneration? What is rebranding? Summary questions Creative plenary Teacher’s notes slides covering text book references, revision for class knowledge tests, assessed homework and end of topic test.

Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 12-13 of 19: Alternatives to Fossil Fuels (nuclear power, biofuels, carbon capture) Key words quiz starter with mark scheme Alternatives to fossil fuels UK energy mix and energy security Nuclear power (evaluating Hinkley Point C) Mid lesson summary Quiz to recap last lesson content (with mark scheme) Biofuels (evaluating their effectiveness and impacts) Wind and solar power case studies Radical alternatives to fossil fuels (carbon capture and storage) 20 mark essay and plan suggestions Written plenary (choice of two questions) Key content from the lesson Additional 20 mark exam question Extra reading links Notes for teachers Additional document with criticisms on Hinkley Additional document with breakdown of Assess vs Evaluate command words

Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 14-15 of 19: Threats to the Carbon and Water Cycles (deforestation afforestation coral reefs) Key words quiz starter with mark scheme Deforestation and soil erosion Madagascar case study Labelling blank tropical rainforest sketch to show impacts of deforestation (extra sheet included) Impact of deforestation on carbon and water cycles Afforestation Ecosystem services Other threats to carbon and water cycles Coral reefs Key content from the lesson Notes for teachers

Edexcel. Topic 6: The Carbon Cycle and Energy Security. Lessons 16-17 of 19: Degrading the Water and Carbon Cycles (Kuznet’s curve, climate change, Yukon) Thoughtful discussion starter Palm oil and forest loss impacts Protecting forests: Indonesia’s forest moratorium, consumer pressure, forest recovery rates Interpreting Kuznet’s curve Climate change in the Yukon, impacts on water cycle Skills: systems diagrams + Additional sheet for students to complete Changing precipitation patterns Climate change and coastal communities Thoughtful written plenary Key content from the lesson Notes for teachers

Edexcel. Topic 4A: Regenerating Places. 6-7 – Economic and Social Changes in ‘Your Chosen Places’ Lessons 6-7 of 21 Knowledge quiz starter with mark scheme Place identity El Raval, Barcelona is the contrasting place used here (all case study content is provided), but teachers may prefer to choose a place in the UK. Students are guided to choose and then research a local place (prompts and websites are suggested for student research) Case studies cover: place identity, preserving the history, functional change and new developments, employment and population characteristics, inequalities, identity of local residents Plenary considers human fieldwork titles and secondary data collection Slide linking content to the specification Teacher’s notes slides covering text book references, revision for class knowledge tests, assessed homework and end of topic test. - Extra sheets: Double sided sheet to print in A3 for students (plus an extra version of the same sheet which has some of the case study notes on it) This lesson promotes personal enquiry and helps to develop students’ internet research skills and their interpretation of complex, data which will be needed for the independent investigation.

Edexcel. Topic 4A: Regenerating Places. Successful and Unsuccessful Places: Lesson 8 of 21 Knowledge quiz starter with mark scheme Successful places and perception Case study: Sydney – a successful urban place Case study: The Sun Belt, USA – a successful rural place Unsuccessful places and the spiral of decline Case study: Detroit – an unsuccessful urban place Case study: Beattyville, USA – an unsuccessful rural place 8 mark exam question with full model answer 4 mark exam question plenary with full model answer/mark scheme Extension task Summary plenary Slide linking content to the specification Teacher’s notes slides covering text book references, revision for class knowledge tests, assessed homework and end of topic test. - Extra sheet – Diagrams to stick in

Edexcel. Topic 4A: Regenerating Places. Understanding Your Place: Lesson 2 of 21 Knowledge quiz starter with mark scheme Employment sectors Clark-Fisher Model Quinary sector Social and economic variations in employment Regional inequalities in the UK Variations in quality of life Skills: Using indices Written summary plenary Slide linking content to the specification Teacher’s notes slides covering text book references, revision for class knowledge tests, assessed homework and end of topic test.

Edexcel. Topic 4A: Regenerating Places. UK Government Policy and Regeneration: Lesson 13 of 21. Discussion starter with answers Investment in infrastructure – HS2 and Heathrow airport Planning laws, housing and fracking Decisions on migration and deregulation 20 mark exam question. Paired activity with guidelines on how students can work together to create a plan, gather evidence, write an essay and then mark it Plenary – Improve the essay based on peer feedback Extension – extra comprehension questions Slide linking content to the specification Teacher’s notes slides covering text book references, revision for class knowledge tests, assessed homework and end of topic test. - Extra sheet: Student friendly mark scheme for essay question

Edexcel. Topic 4A: Regenerating Places. Changing Places - Manchester: Lesson 3 of 21 Discussion starter with re-photography Changing functions (industry, administration, commerce, retail) Changing demographic characteristics (Skills: analysing graphs and data) Gentrification and studentification Reasons for change How is change measured (discussion of primary and secondary data collection) Big data and GIS Exam question plenary with extension task Slide linking content to the specification Teacher’s notes slides covering text book references, revision for class knowledge tests, assessed homework and end of topic test.

Edexcel. Topic 4A: Regenerating Places. Criteria for Measuring the Success of Regeneration: Lesson 17 of 21 Knowledge quiz starter with mark scheme Economic, social and environmental measures LSOAs Absolute and relative success ONS survey on quality of life in the UK Skills: Interpreting statistics to assess success for economic and social measures (with suggested answers) Plenary – Index of Multiple Deprivation indicators Slide linking content to the specification Teacher’s notes slides covering text book references, revision for class knowledge tests, assessed homework and end of topic test. - Extra sheet: Criteria table with task for students to consider absolute vs. relative success