Complete Handout/Worksheet on General Defences in English Law. Written by an experienced Law examiner and used many times in classes of my own, obtaining excellent results. This is a 25-page workbook which includes questions and highlighted key points and cases. There is an accompanying Worksheet of review questions in addition to this Worksheet. Here’s a summary of the document: The document provides an overview of various general defences in English law, including Automatism, Insanity, Duress, Intoxication, Consent, and Self-Defense/Prevention of Crime. Automatism: Automatism is divided into non-insane and self-induced automatism. Insanity: Insanity is governed by the M’Naghten Rules, which require proving a defect of reason caused by a disease of the mind, leading to a lack of understanding of the nature and quality of the act or its wrongfulness. Duress: Duress involves committing a crime under the threat of death or serious bodily harm. Intoxication: Intoxication can be a defense for specific intent crimes if it prevents the formation of mens rea. Consent: Consent is generally not a defense for causing actual bodily harm, except in cases of implied consent in sports or medical procedures. Self-Defense/Prevention of Crime: Self-defense allows the use of reasonable force to protect oneself, others, or property. Automatism vs. Insanity: The distinction between automatism and insanity often lies in whether the cause is external (automatism) or internal (insanity), leading to different legal outcomes. Duress by Threats vs. Duress of Circumstances: Duress by threats involves direct threats forcing D to commit a crime, while duress of circumstances involves committing a crime to avoid imminent harm. Voluntary vs. Involuntary Intoxication: Voluntary intoxication is self-induced and generally not a defense for basic intent crimes, while involuntary intoxication can be a defense if it negates mens rea. Proportionality in Self-Defence: The use of force in self-defense must be reasonable and proportional to the threat; excessive force invalidates the defence. An excellent resource for any AS or A Level Law student.

This is a teacher’s and student Handout which covers the entire topic of Involuntary Manslaughter. It is an ivaluable guide to the subject for any AS or A Level student and is also suitable for someone studying Access to Law or similar courses. It is 20 pages long with an estimated delivery time of around 4 hours. This is a summary of the document: The document provides a detailed overview of involuntary manslaughter, distinguishing between Unlawful Act Manslaughter and Gross Negligence Manslaughter, and examining various legal cases to illustrate the principles involved. Definition and Distinction: Involuntary manslaughter occurs when the defendant (D) has the actus reus for murder but lacks the necessary mens rea, meaning D did not intend to kill or cause serious harm. Types of Involuntary Manslaughter: There are two types: Unlawful Act Manslaughter and Gross Negligence Manslaughter. Unlawful Act Manslaughter: This type involves causing death while carrying out a dangerous criminal act. It must be proven that the act was unlawful, dangerous, caused the death, and that D had the mens rea for the act. Case Examples for Unlawful Act Manslaughter: Cases such as Lamb, Goodfellow, and Mitchell illustrate the principles of Unlawful Act Manslaughter, showing how the act must be unlawful and dangerous, and how causation is established. Gross Negligence Manslaughter: This type involves a breach of duty of care that causes death and is deemed ‘gross’ negligence, worthy of criminal punishment. The leading case is Adomako. Duty of Care and Breach: To establish Gross Negligence Manslaughter, it must be shown that D owed a duty of care to V, breached that duty, and that the breach caused V’s death. Key Legal Principles: Cases like Donoghue v Stevenson and Caparo v Dickman help determine the duty of care, while cases like Litchfield and Singh illustrate breaches of duty leading to liability. Gross Negligence Standard: The negligence must be so severe that it goes beyond mere compensation and shows a disregard for life, as seen in Bateman and Edwards. Scenarios and Questions: The document provides various scenarios and questions to help readers understand the application of these legal principles and determine the appropriate type of manslaughter. Summary of Legal Cases: A table summarizing the main legal principles of key cases is provided, helping to consolidate understanding of involuntary manslaughter. This Handout has been updated in light of recent cases and has been used with groups of students across many cohorts and has achieved excellent results.

A FREE resource for Politics/Citizenship teachers and students. The chart shows the results of the General Elections held in the UK since 1945 and includes the updated 2024 figures. An invaluable guide for any students of Politics, Citizenship, history or anybody interested in general election results since 1945. The wallchart was created as a simple Word document and prints over 4 sheets of landscaped A4. Enjoy!

This is a 28 slide PowerPoint presentation which gives an excellent introduction to any class about to embark on a study of “An Inspector Calls” by J. B. Priestley. It includes questions and discussion points at the end and can also be used as an aide for revision. A summary of the contents of the presentation is below: Play’s Themes: The play explores themes of social responsibility, class, gender roles, and justice. Character Roles: Main characters represent different facets of society and moral questions. Social Critique: The play critiques social structures and the failure to take responsibility for others. Relevance Today: The themes remain relevant today, prompting important conversations about societal issues. Moral Responsibility: The play emphasizes the importance of moral responsibility and the impact of individual actions. Used with many groups of students, this has proved an invaluable resource for anyone studying or teaching the play.

A Powerpoint presentation explaining the story of Halloween. Invaluable for students of all ages and incorporating a 10 question quiz at the end. Useful for Citizenship or Tutorial groups or perhaps even an Assembly. Includes speakers’ notes to accompany the slides. This is a FREE resource! An outline of the contents of the presentation: Celtic Origins: Halloween originated from the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. Evolution: Halloween evolved from a pagan festival to a secular holiday celebrated globally with costumes, parties, and trick-or-treating. American Influence: Irish immigrants brought Halloween to the United States in the 19th century, where it evolved into the modern celebration with costumes and trick-or-treating. Traditions: Popular Halloween traditions include carving pumpkins, trick-or-treating, and dressing up in costumes, all with roots in ancient practices. Global Celebrations: Halloween is celebrated worldwide with varying traditions, such as the Day of the Dead in Mexico and the Hungry Ghost Festival in some Asian countries. Used with hundreds of students across many different years and groups; an essential guide to the story of this pagan festival! Please take a look at my other resources in English, PSHE, Business, Politics and Law.

A FREE guide for students and teachers on how to structure your coursework answers for the first part of the first assignment for BTEC Business Unit 1. This guide was successfully used with many classes over the years and students who followed it achieved great results. If you find the guide useful, why not take a look at the other ever-growing collection of resources on the website? Good luck with your teaching/studies!

This PowerPoint is the second part of a complete delivery programme for BTEC Business Unit 1 (Exploring Business). It covers the second part of Learning Aim A and examines stakeholders and their influence. Teachers will need nothing else other than this Powerpoint. It includes videos and activities and is designed to be delivered over 2 - 3 hours of teaching. The presentation consists of 14 slides as follows: Stakeholder Types: Stakeholders can be internal (e.g., managers, employees) or external (e.g., suppliers, customers). Stakeholder Influence: Stakeholders influence business success through factors like shareholder value and customer loyalty. Stakeholder Needs: Different stakeholders have varying needs, which can lead to conflicts (e.g., employees need job security, customers need quality). Managing Relationships: Effective stakeholder management involves communication, consultation, and stakeholder mapping to inform decision-making. Stakeholder Mapping: Stakeholder mapping assesses the power and interest of stakeholders to determine their involvement in decision-making. An excellent resource which has led to outstanding results with my students across many years and diverse groups.

This PowerPoint is the first part of a complete delivery programme for BTEC Business Unit 1 (Exploring Business). It covers the first part of Learning Aim A and examines features of business. Teachers will need nothing else other than this Powerpoint. It includes videos and activities and is designed to be delivered over 4 - 5 hours of teaching. The presentation consists of 36 slides as follows: Business Types: Learned about private, public, and not-for-profit businesses. Legal Structures: Different business ownership types have distinct legal structures. Sole Trader: Owned by one person with unlimited liability, profits are taxable as income. Partnerships: Shared costs and responsibilities, partners have unlimited liability. Limited Companies: Separate legal entities with limited liability for shareholders. An excellent resource which has led to outstanding results with my students across many years and diverse groups.

This Powerpoint is an invaluable resource for the delivery of an history of the LGBT movement in the UK. The Powerpoint includes Speakers’ Notes to help teachers in the delivery of the presentation. It consists of 24 slides with a 10-question quiz at the end. Included in the presentation is an** 8-minute video extract from “Newsnight” **and some discussion points to accompany it. An outline of the content: Pre-Stonewall Era: This section examines the social and legal context in which the LGBT movement emerged in the UK before the Stonewall riots. It highlights significant social and legal discrimination against the LGBT community, the impact of the Wolfenden Report, and the role of the Homosexual Law Reform Society. The Stonewall Riots and Birth of Modern LGBT Movement: This section explores the Stonewall riots in New York in 1969, which marked a turning point in the global LGBT movement. It also discusses the founding of the Gay Liberation Front UK and its pivotal role in the emergence of a new era of activism and visibility for the LGBT community. Legislative and Social Progress towards LGBT Equality: This section examines key moments in the UK’s legislative and social progress towards equality for the LGBT community. It covers significant milestones such as the Sexual Offences Act 1967, Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988, and the Equality Act 20103. Conclusion: The presentation concludes by summarizing the progress made in advancing LGBT rights and visibility in the UK. It emphasizes the importance of activism and advocacy in achieving these milestones and highlights the ongoing challenges faced by the LGBT community. Tried and tested with many groups across different ages, this Powerpoint will help any teacher deliver information on the LGBT movement in the UK.

Powerpoint which covers BTEC Unit 20 - Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This Powerpoint covers Learning Aim B and is suitable for use with the BTEC Extended Diploma in Business or any students wishing to learn about CSR. The Powerpoint covers all of the Learning Aims in the Specification and no other resources would be required by teachers to deliver the Unit. This Powerpoint consists of 18 slides as outlined below: CSR Debate: CSR policies are controversial, with arguments for moral responsibility and against high costs conflicting with profit goals. CSR Benefits: Benefits include cause promotion, cause-related marketing, corporate philanthropy, community volunteering, and responsible business practices. CSR Drawbacks: Drawbacks include inefficient resource use, extra costs to consumers, stifled innovation, and increased bureaucracy. CSR Evolution: CSR has evolved from a moral issue in 2000 to a mainstream business strategy by 2020, with global recognition and rating organizations like Ecovadis. CSR Examples: Microsoft and Lego are examples of companies adopting CSR policies, with resources available to explore their impacts and strategies. There are almost no resources that I have found on this Unit, and it is not included in the standard textbooks, so I hope these ones that I have created help my fellow Business teachers. Tes paid licence

An 8-slide Powerpoint presentation which introduces students to the rituals and traditions of Bonfire Night in the UK. Invaluable as an aid to teachers delivering an assembly or perhaps an history lesson or even citizenship or a tutorial. Includes Speakers’ Notes and a 10-question quiz at the end. The Powerpoint includes: Gunpowder Plot: The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of conspirators led by Guy Fawkes. Bonfire Night: Bonfire Night is celebrated on November 5th to commemorate the failure of the Gunpowder Plot. Traditions: Key traditions include lighting bonfires, setting off fireworks, and burning effigies of Guy Fawkes. Food and Drink: Traditional foods and drinks include toffee apples, roasted chestnuts, and mulled wine. Taught to many groups of students across a range of years. An invaluable guide to Bonfire Night in the UK!

A Powerpoint presentation on Black History Month which will be invaluable in helping students through a Tutorial or Citizenship class on the topic. Includes Speakers’ Notes. The Powerpoint consists of 30 slides: Origins: Black History Month was conceived by Carter G. Woodson in 1926 to recognize African American accomplishments. Significance: Black History Month honors the contributions and achievements of black people and deepens understanding of their struggles and triumphs. Cultural Impact: The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement celebrating black culture and identity, centered in Harlem, New York. Civil Rights: The Civil Rights Movement, led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr., fought for equal rights and an end to segregation and discrimination. Notable Figures: Prominent figures include Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks, who played crucial roles in the fight for civil rights. It ends with a quiz which can be used with students to review the material or act as a prompt for further debate or discussion. An invaluable aid for anyone teaching this vital programme.

A Worksheet consisting of 25 differentiated questions to help your students revise Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”. Divided into 5 sections, the Worksheet consists of questions that get harder as students work through them. The final section contains questions which are “essay-style” questions or they can be used as the basis of discussion or class debate. The Worksheet consists of 5 pages with spaces provided for the first 20 questions. Tried and tested with many classes across the years. A great resource for revising the play. Enjoy!

25 revision questions on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. The Handout incorporates questions which get harder as they go along and are divided into 5 sections: Basic comprehension; Intermediate questions; Advanced analysis; In-depth exploration and Critical thinking. Questions can be set so as students can work their way through the whole set or students can be asked to choose a certain number of questions from each section. Designed for use with GCSE students of Shakespeare’s great tragedy. Saving busy teachers a great deal of time.

This Handout is a 7-page exploration of the character of Juliet from Shakespeare’s timeless tragedy, “Romeo and Juliet”. It is suitable for use with GCSE students and includes questions and discussion points as well as brief suggested answers at the end of the Handout. The discussion considers Juliet’s intelligence, her pragmatism and contrasts her thoughtful approach to Romeo’s more impulsive actions. This discussion is part of a collection of resources on the play and has been tried and tested with many groups of students. Why not look at the other resources provided on “Romeo and Juliet” and use them with your groups. Enjoy!

An 8-page discussion of the character of Romeo from Shakespeare’s enduring tragedy, “Romeo and Juliet”. The discussion includes a discussion of Romeo’s intensity and his tendency to act on impulse as well as the tragic consequences of this impulsivity. The Handout also includes 5 questions and discussion points at the end as well as a brief outline of points to consider in asking and discussing these questions. Tried and tested with many classes over the years and recently updated. Suitable for use with either GCSE or AS/A Level classes. Why not take a look at the accompanying Handout on Juliet as part of this series of resources.

This 7-page (1538 words ) student Handout will help any student and/or teacher of the play get started in thinking about themes, characters and examination questions. Written by an Examiner and teacher of 30-years standing. The Guide is structured as follows: Historical Context: Written during the Elizabethan era, “Hamlet” reflects the cultural and political changes of the time, including the Renaissance and the rise of humanism. Shakespeare’s Life and Works: Understanding Shakespeare’s life and other works can provide valuable insights into “Hamlet,” one of his most complex plays. Character Analysis: The guide examines key characters like Hamlet, Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, Polonius, Laertes, Horatio, and King Hamlet’s ghost, highlighting their complexities and roles in the narrative. Language and Style: Shakespeare’s use of soliloquies, wordplay, and vivid imagery enhances the play’s emotional and intellectual impact. Study Strategies: Effective study strategies include close reading, performance analysis, discussion, and consulting secondary sources to deepen understanding. Look out for my other resources on Hamlet as well.