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YEAR 12 CHEMISTRY INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ALKENES POWERPOINT NOTES WITH END OF CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. NOTES ARE RELEVANT FOR BOTH CONCEPTS IN CAMBRIDGE AND EDEXCEL IAL LEVEL CHEMISTRY. U NIT 1 IAL

Cambridge AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY NOTES TOPIC 1. These notes are written for teachers teaching and students undertaking AS LEVEL CHEMISTRY FOR CAMBRIDGE SYLLABUS. THEY COVER TOPIC 1 OF AS CHEMISTRY. MOLES

A powerpoint document which covers Advanced Kinetics (Rate of reactions) chapters from the OCR A Level Chemistry, Cambridge chemistry and edexcel AL Specification. tHIS DOCUMENT IS GOOD FOR LEARNERS AND TEACHERS teaching the above systems. OBJECTIVES COVERED 1 explain and use the terms rate equation, order of reaction, overall order of reaction, rate constant, half-life, rate-determining step and intermediate 2 (a) understand and use rate equations of the form rate = k [A]m[B]n (for which m and n are 0, 1 or 2) (b) deduce the order of a reaction from concentration-time graphs or from experimental data relating to the initial rates method and half-life method © interpret experimental data in graphical form, including concentration-time and rate-concentration graphs (d) calculate an initial rate using concentration data (e) construct a rate equation 3 (a) show understanding that the half-life of a first-order reaction is independent of concentration (b) use the half-life of a first-order reaction in calculations 4 calculate the numerical value of a rate constant, for example by: (a) using the initial rates and the rate equation (b) using the half-life, t1/2, and the equation k = 0.693/t1/2 5 for a multi-step reaction: (a) suggest a reaction mechanism that is consistent with the rate equation and the equation for the overall reaction (b) predict the order that would result from a given reaction mechanism and rate-determining step © deduce a rate equation using a given reaction mechanism and rate-determining step for a given reaction (d) SN1 AND SN2 MECHANISMS

Chemical energetics powerpoint ppt notes for A Level chemistry. These anotes are suitable for teachers teaching both IAL Cambridge and IAL Edexcel. They are also suitable for learners since they have been created and summarised to suit both teaching and revision

AS Biology unit 1 topic 1 notes for students taking A level biology. These notes are well structured with clear images to guide the student on what the notes are talking about. The notes covers Cell physiology, Cytology and microscopy.

A level powerpoint chemistry notes for the topic atomic structure and the periodic table, covering the subtopics; the atom orbitals isotopes mass spectrometer filling orbitals ionisation energies electronegativity These notes are displayed in a way that will suit a teacher teaching year 12 chemistry for IB, EDEXCEL and Cambridge based syllabuses. Download the notes and start teaching.

Dive into comprehensive, high-quality Organic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry notes designed specifically for Year 13 students and IAL exam preparation. These expertly crafted notes cover essential topics from paper chromatography to advanced C-13 NMR, offering a complete resource for mastering the intricacies of organic molecules and analytical techniques. Whether you’re reviewing key concepts for your exams or seeking to deepen your understanding of complex topics, these notes provide clarity and insight. Key Topics Covered: Analytical Chemistry Techniques: Paper Chromatography: Learn the principles behind separation and analysis of mixtures. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): Understand how TLC is used for qualitative analysis of organic compounds. Column Chromatography: Explore the technique of separating mixtures using a stationary phase for purifying compounds. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Get to grips with this modern technique for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds. Gas Chromatography (GC): Understand the application of GC in analyzing volatile compounds. C-13 NMR Spectroscopy: Master the interpretation of Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra, a key tool in structural analysis. Organic Chemistry Topics: Carbonyl Compounds: Study the structure, reactivity, and reactions of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and derivatives. Stereochemistry: Gain a strong grasp of the 3D arrangements of molecules and how they affect reactivity and properties. Chirality & Enantiomers: Explore the concept of chirality in organic molecules, how enantiomers are formed, and their importance in pharmaceuticals and biology. Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids: Understand the synthesis, properties, and reactions of esters, acyl chlorides, and anhydrides—key intermediates in organic synthesis. Why Choose These Notes? Clear Explanations: Step-by-step breakdown of complex topics, ensuring solid comprehension of even the most challenging concepts. Visual Aids: Diagrams, charts, and spectra to help illustrate key principles. Exam-Focused: Tailored to IAL specifications, ensuring relevance for your exams. Complete Resource: From basic techniques to advanced organic chemistry reactions, these notes cover it all. Perfect for Year 13 Organic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry students looking to strengthen their knowledge and ace their exams. These notes will help you understand the core principles behind key analytical techniques and organic reactions, all with a focus on exam success. Tags: Year 13 Organic Chemistry, IAL Analytical Chemistry Notes, Paper Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography, Column Chromatography, HPLC, GC, C-13 NMR Spectroscopy, Chirality, Enantiomers, Organic Chemistry Reactions, Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Acyl Chlorides, Stereochemistry, Chemistry Exam Preparation, IAL Organic Chemistry, IAL Chemistry Notes, NMR Spectra Analysis.

the powerpoint contains notes including:- Transition elements and coloured compounds CHARACTERISTICS of transition metals Why Sc and Zn are not classified as transition elements Electronic configurations of transition metal atoms Electronic config of transition metal Ions Comparing the transition elements with an s-block element Redox reactions of reactions involving transition metal Ligands and complex formation Types of ligands (mono, bi and MULTIDENTATE LIGANDS) Naming complexes Shapes of complexes ORIGIN OF COLOUR of transition metal compounds this powerpoint is very ideal to teachers, students and lectures teaching transition metals in A level.

This is a powerpoint display notes meant for Cambridge, Edexcel and IB chemistry teachers and students. The se are notes that I use to teach in my class. They ahve been well prepared using the three core books. The notes include; Brønsted– Lowry theory of acids and bases diff erences in behaviour between strong and weak acids and bases and the pH values of their aqueous solutions in terms of the extent of dissociation. AMPHOTERIC AND AMPHIPROTIC Conjugate acids and conjugate bases NITRIC ACID AS A BASE terms pH, pKa and Kw and use them in calculations [H+(aq)] and pH values for strong and weak acids and strong bases choice of suitable indicators for acid–base titrations changes in pH during acid–base titrations and explain these changes in terms of the strengths of the acids and bases calculate Ksp from concentrations and vice versa common ion eff ect term partition coeff icient partition coeff icient for a system in which the solute is in the same molecular state in the two solvents. PH CURVES AND INDICATORS How a buffer solution works Making a Buffer solution How to make a buffer Calculating the pH of a buffer solution Uses of Buffers welcome

These are a powerpoint presentation on chemistry A level notes on entropy. The notes have been well written to help students and teachers undertaking chemistry a levels in edexcel IB and cambridge based syllabuses. What is Entropy Comparing entropy values Predicting entropy change Predicting sign of entropy Calculating entropy change of a reaction Spontaneous and non-spontaneous reaction Calculating the entropy change of the system Calculating the entropy change of the surroundings Calculating total entropy change ROLE OF TEMPERATURE Why water freeze at -5 but does not at -5 More Entropy changes Dissolving substances in water SOLUBILITY OF GROUP 2 SULPHATES AND HYDROXIDES Lattice energy and born Haber cycles lattice energy construct Born–Haber cycles enthalpy change of atomisation and electron aff inity eff ect of ionic charge and ionic radius on the numerical magnitude of a lattice energy ■■ interpret and explain qualitatively the trend in the thermal stability of the nitrates and carbonates of Group 2 elements in terms of the charge density of the cation and the polarisability of the large anion. apply Hess’s law to construct energy cycles to determine enthalpy changes of solution and enthalpy changes of hydration. ■■ interpret and explain qualitatively the variation in solubility of Group 2 sulfates in terms of the relative values of the enthalpy change of hydration and the corresponding lattice energy.

This Powerpoint material is suitable for students and teachers sitting and teaching chemistry in A LEVELS for all syllabuses. The following are areas covered in this document. 1 explain that catalysts can be homogeneous or heterogeneous 2 describe the mode of action of a heterogeneous catalyst to include adsorption of reactants, bond weakening and desorption of products, for example: (a) iron in the Haber process (b) palladium, platinum and rhodium in the catalytic removal of oxides of nitrogen from the exhaust gases of car engines 3 describe the mode of action of a homogeneous catalyst by being used in one step and reformed in a later step, for example: (a) atmospheric oxides of nitrogen in the oxidation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (b) Fe2+ or Fe3+ in the I–/S2O8 2– reaction 4 understand that knowledge of the rate equations for the hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes can be used to provide evidence for SN1 and SN2 mechanisms for tertiary and primary halogenoalkane hydrolysis 5 be able to use calculations and graphical methods to find the activation energy for a reaction from experimental data The Arrhenius equation will be given if needed. 6 understand the use of a solid (heterogeneous) catalyst for industrial reactions, inthe gas phase, in terms of providing a surface for the reaction