IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 All lesson for biological molecules for unit 1 for IAL Biology (Edexcel). 1.1 understand the importance of water as a solvent in transport, including its dipole nature 1.2 (i) know the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, including glycogen and starch (amylose and amylopectin) (ii) be able to relate the structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides to their roles in providing and storing energy β-glucose and cellulose are not required in this topic. 1.3 CORE PRACTICAL 1 Use a semi-quantitative method with Benedict’s reagent to estimate the concentrations of reducing sugars and with iodine solution to estimate the concentrations of starch, using colour standards. 1.4 know how monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) join together to form disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (glycogen, amylose and amylopectin) through condensation reactions forming glycosidic bonds, and how these can be split through hydrolysis reactions 1.5 (i) know how a triglyceride is synthesised by the formation of ester bonds during condensation reactions between glycerol and three fatty acids (ii) know the differences between saturated and unsaturated lipids 2.6 (i) know the basic structure of an amino acid Structures of specific amino acids are not required. (ii) understand the formation of polypeptides and proteins (amino acid monomers linked by condensation reactions to form peptide bonds) (iii) understand the significance of a protein’s primary structure in determining its secondary structure, three-dimensional structure and properties (globular and fibrous proteins and the types of bonds involved in its three-dimensional structure) (iv) know the molecular structure of a globular protein and a fibrous protein and understand how their structures relate to their functions (including haemoglobin and collagen) Presentations for each lesson inlcuded. PEQ included in presentations with mark schemes included. Any and all feedback much appreciated

IGCSE Biology 9-1 2.59 describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma 2.60 understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy 2.61 understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin 2.62 understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen 2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity 2.64B understand how platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms 2.65 describe the structure of the heart and how it functions 2.66 explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline 2.67 understand how factors may increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease 2.68 understand how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relate to their function 2.69 understand the general structure of the circulation system, including the blood vessels to and from the heart and lungs, liver and kidneys Lessons covering aspects of human transport, including blood components, adaptations of red blood cells, immune response, vaccination, cardiac structure and cycle (with heart dissection), CHD, valves, and systemic circulation. Any and all feedback appreciated