This is an action-packed distance learning or home school lesson on air pressure and pressure in liquids. What’s Covered This fully resourced lesson includes an animated PowerPoint which: demonstrates use of the equation pressure = force/area; explains and gives examples of the relationship between pressure, force and area; specifies units for pressure as N/m2 and Pascals; explains the relationship between upthrust and floating and sinking; explains why number air particles decrease with altitude explains why atmospheric pressure increases with altitude. This resource has been designed so that the animated PowerPoint replaces the teacher by providing structure, sequence, knowledge and answers. The worksheets, cut-outs, foldable and progress check provide a familiar medium for students to develop and test their knowledge, continue to develop their literacy skills and use their creativity to organise their learning and assess their progress. Resources An animated PowerPoint which guides the student through the lesson by: explaining how to use distance learning effectively; explaining how to use this resource; explaining current, voltage and resistance and the relationship between them; providing the answers to all the worksheets so that the students can mark and correct their work. Four worksheets, and two cut-out activities, the answers to which are in the PowerPoint. A foldable and cut-out activity so that students can record and organise their learning. A checklist for students to use to assess their progress. Digital quick test For those students without internet or a computer or a computer at home a condensed printable copy of the PowerPoint is provided for distribution by school. Ways to Use this Resource Upload PowerPoint and worksheets to school intranet. Students print their own worksheets. Upload PowerPoint and worksheets to school intranet and provide a hardcopy of worksheets for students. Those families who do not wish to collect worksheets or who are in isolation can print the worksheets at home. Students without photocopying facilities are instructed to write their answers in full sentences More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

This is an engaging and enjoyable memory game on magnets and electromagnets. Pupils work in teams of three or four. Each team lays out their 42 cards face down in a square and take it in turn to turn over two cards. If the cards are a question and its correct answer, the pupil keeps the pair. If they are not a match they are turned face down and the next pupil gets a turn. This process continues until all cards are matched and the winner is the pupil with the most pairs. If a team member thinks that the selectors pair is not a correct match, they can challenge. Pupils are encouraged to check their books for the correct answer but the teacher also has a quick-check answer sheet. If the challenge is correct, the challenger keeps the pair. **Included in this Pack. ** 42 question and answer cards Teacher’s answer sheet. Instruction sheet Preparation Use double-sided printing to copy 1 set per group of 4 pupils. Sheets could be laminated to enable year-on-year use. Cut sheets into cards. Prior Knowledge Required Magnetic materials can be made into magnets. Iron, cobalt and nickel and their alloys are magnetic materials. Unlike poles attract and like pole repel. There is an invisible magnetic field around a magnet made up of field lines. Draw the field lines around a bar magnet. The closer together the field lines the stronger the magnetic field. Draw the field lines around two bar magnets with like and unlike poles facing. There are more field lines around the poles where the magnetic field is strongest. The magnetic field strength gets less as distance from the magnet increases. Field lines point away from the south pole and towards the north pole of a magnet. When a magnetic material is made into a magnet, the randomly facing domains all line up to point in the same direction. The Earth acts as though there as a south-type pole at magnetic north and a north-type pole at magnetic south. Explain how an electric bell, a relay and a circuit breaker work. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

With 42 question cards on permanent magnets and electromagnets this is an enjoyable and challenging board game for up to six players per set. It is suitable for all abilities. Included in this Pack Game board 42 Question cards with questions of varying difficulty Teacher answer sheet Instruction sheet. Preparation Photocopy Board onto A3 paper or card (Colour and greyscale versions included). Photocopy question sheets onto paper or card (Colour and greyscale versions included) and cut into question cards. How to Play Highest score of dice starts Pupils take turns and work their way around the board following the instructions in the squares. Certain squares indicate that the pupil takes a question card from the face down pile. If correct they move on 2 spaces. If a player thinks an answer given by an opponent is incorrect they can challenge. If the challenge is correct the challenger moves forward 2 spaces. If the challenge is wrong the challenger moves back two spaces. In the event of a challenge, pupils are encouraged to consult their books but the teacher has a quick-check answer sheet. Prior Knowledge Required Magnetic materials can be made into magnets. Iron, cobalt and nickel and their alloys are magnetic materials. Unlike poles attract and like pole repel. There is an invisible magnetic field around a magnet made up of field lines. Draw the field lines around a bar magnet. The closer together the field lines the stronger the magnetic field. Draw the field lines around two bar magnets with like and unlike poles facing. There are more field lines around the poles where the magnetic field is strongest. The magnetic field strength gets less as distance from the magnet increases. Field lines point away from the south pole and towards the north pole of a magnet. When a magnetic material is made into a magnet, the randomly facing domains all line up to point in the same direction. The Earth acts as though there as a south-type pole at magnetic north and a north-type pole at magnetic south. Explain how an electric bell, a circuit breaker and a relay work More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A dominoes game with questions and statements on magnets and electromagnets and instead of answers. Prior Knowledge Magnetic materials can be made into magnets. Iron, cobalt and nickel and their alloys are magnetic materials. Unlike poles attract and like pole repel. There is an invisible magnetic field around a magnet made up of field lines. Draw the field lines around a bar magnet. The closer together the field lines the stronger the magnetic field. Draw the field lines around two bar magnets with like and unlike poles facing. There are more field lines around the poles where the magnetic field is strongest. The magnetic field strength gets less as distance from the magnet increases. Field lines point away from the south pole and towards the north pole of a magnet. When a magnetic material is made into a magnet, the randomly facing domains all line up to point in the same direction. The Earth acts as though there as a south-type pole at magnetic north and a north-type pole at magnetic south. Explain how an electric bell, a circuit breaker and a relay work What You Get 90 dominoes Animated PowerPoint explaining the rules and how to play. Rules of the Game Each player selects seven dominoes from the top of the face-down pile and holds them in their hand like playing cards. The player whose surname begins with a letter closest to the letter A starts and play proceed in a clockwise direction. Dominoes can be matched exactly, or a name can be matched with a symbol or descriptions, sketches and circuit diagrams can be matched. If a player thinks a match is wrong, they can challenge. If the challenger is correct, they give a card from their own hand to the challenged player. If the challenged player is correct, they give a card from their hand to the challenger. Pupils are encouraged to check their books for the correct answer and consult their teacher if a consensus is not reached. If a player cannot play a domino, they pick up from the face down pile and can play if possible or add it to their hand. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

This is an engaging and enjoyable memory game on reflection in plane mirrors. Pupils work in teams of three or four. Each team lays out their 42 cards face down in a square and take it in turn to turn over two cards. If the cards are a question and its correct answer, the pupil keeps the pair. If they are not a match they are turned face down and the next pupil gets a turn. This process continues until all cards are matched and the winner is the pupil with the most pairs. If a team member thinks that the selectors pair is not a correct match, they can challenge. Pupils are encouraged to check their books for the correct answer but the teacher also has a quick-check answer sheet. If the challenge is correct, the challenger keeps the pair. **Included in this Pack. ** 42 question and answer cards Teacher’s answer sheet. Instruction sheet Preparation Use double-sided printing to copy 1 set per group of 4 pupils. Sheets could be laminated to enable year-on-year use. Cut sheets into cards. Prior Knowledge Required Transparent, translucent and opaque materials Luminous and non-luminous objects Labelling the incident and reflected rays, the angles of incidence and reflection, the normal and the point of incidence Virtual experiment to prove i = r Ray diagram showing how the eye sees an image in a plane mirror The image formed in a plane mirror is upright, virtual (appears to be formed behind the mirror) laterally inverted, the same size as the object and as far behind the mirror as the object is in front. Ray diagram showing how the eye sees an image in a periscope Specular and diffuse images More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A great way to consolidate learning on lenses, the eye, the pinhole camera and the camera with this pack of cards which can be used to play two games – wildcard and snap. Prior Knowledge Required The order of the seven colours of the spectrum Dispersion is the separation of white light into the seven different colors of the spectrum. During dispersion, red light is refracted the least and violet light the most. Dispersion is caused by the fact that each colour of light travels at a different speed in glass. Red, green and blue are primary light colors. Magenta, cyan and yellow are secondary light colors. Mixing two primary light colours gives a secondary light color. Mixing the three primary light colors gives white light. An object only reflects light the same color as itself and absorbs all the others Work out the color an object appears in different light color What You Get 66 playing cards Animated PowerPoint with instructions for playing wildcard and snap More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A dominoes game with questions and statements on white light, dispersion and colored filters instead of numbers. Prior Knowledge The order of the seven colours of the spectrum Dispersion is the separation of white light into the seven different colors of the spectrum. During dispersion, red light is refracted the least and violet light the most. Dispersion is caused by the fact that each colour of light travels at a different speed in glass. Red, green and blue are primary light colors. Magenta, cyan and yellow are secondary light colors. Mixing two primary light colours gives a secondary light color. Mixing the three primary light colors gives white light. An object only reflects light the same color as itself and absorbs all the others Work out the color an object appears in different light color What You Get 90 dominos Animated PowerPoint explaining the rules and how to play. Rules of the Game Each player selects seven dominos from the top of the face-down pile and holds them in their hand like playing cards. The player whose surname begins with a letter closest to the letter A starts and play proceed in a clockwise direction. Dominos can be matched exactly, or a name can be matched with a symbol or descriptions, sketches and circuit diagrams can be matched. If a player thinks a match is wrong, they can challenge. If the challenger is correct, they give a card from their own hand to the challenged player. If the challenged player is correct, they give a card from their hand to the challenger. Pupils are encouraged to check their books for the correct answer and consult their teacher if a consensus is not reached. If a player cannot play a domino, they pick up from the face down pile and can play if possible or add it to their hand. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

This is an action-packed distance learning or home school lesson on white light, diffusion and color filters for KS3 This resource has been designed so that the animated PowerPoint replaces the teacher by providing structure, sequence, knowledge and answers. The worksheets, cut-out, foldable and progress check provide a familiar medium for students to develop and test their knowledge, continue to develop their literacy skills and use their creativity to organise their learning and assess their progress. What’s Covered The order of the seven colours of the spectrum Dispersion is the separation of white light into the seven different colors of the spectrum. During dispersion, red light is refracted the least and violet light the most. Dispersion is caused by the fact that each colour of light travels at a different speed in glass. Red, green and blue are primary light colors. Magenta, cyan and yellow are secondary light colors. Mixing two primary light colours gives a secondary light color. Mixing the three primary light colors gives white light. An object only reflects light the same color as itself and absorbs all the others Work out the color an object appears in different light color Resources An animated PowerPoint which guides the student through the lesson by: explaining how to use distance learning effectively; explaining how to use this resource; explaining current, voltage and resistance and the relationship between them; providing the answers to all the worksheets so that the students can mark and correct their work. Four worksheets, and two cut-out activities, the answers to which are in the PowerPoint. A foldable and cut-out activity so that students can record and organise their learning. A checklist for students to use to assess their progress. Digital quick test For those students without internet or a computer or a computer at home a condensed printable copy of the PowerPoint is provided for distribution by school. Ways to Use this Resource Upload PowerPoint and worksheets to school intranet. Students print their own worksheets. Upload PowerPoint and worksheets to school intranet and provide a hardcopy of worksheets for students. Those families who do not wish to collect worksheets or who are in isolation can print the worksheets at home. Students without photocopying facilities are instructed to write their answers in full sentences More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A comprehensive and enjoyable fully resourced lesson on shadows and lunar and solar eclipses for middle school. What’s Covered The shadow of a point source only has an umbra but the shadow of a large point source has an umbra and a penumbra. If the light source moves closer to the object, the shadow gets bigger. If the object moves closer to the screen, the shadow gets smaller . A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth stops all, or some, of the Sun’s light from reaching the Moon. The Moon orbits the Earth once every 29.5 days. When the entire moon passes through the Earths penumbra it appears slightly darker (penumbral eclipse). If only part of the moon passes through the Earth’s umbra it is a partial eclipse. A solar eclipse happens when the Moon stops all, or some, of the Sun’s light from reaching the Earth A person on Earth, standing in the Moon’s umbra will see a total solar eclipse. A person on Earth, standing in the Moon’s penumbra will see a partial solar eclipse. When the Moon is at its furthest point from Earth, it no longer covers the whole surface of the Sun and an annular eclipse is seen from the umbra. The Moon’s orbit is angled relative to the Earth so the Sun, Earth and Moon are not often in the alignment needed for a lunar Eclipse to occur. When the entire moon passes through the Earths umbra it appears red due to refracted red light (total or umbral eclipse). What’s Included Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable Cut and stick activity. Worksheet (x2) to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework Fact share worksheet Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources This pack contains fourteen printable resources as it is intended that the teacher uses them to build their own unique lesson to take account of student ability and time available. Literacy, oracy, self-assessment and peer assessment are all built in to the resources. These features are clearly marked on the comprehensive one-page flow chart lesson plan which shows where the logical choices between resources can be made. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

This is an action-packed distance learning or home school lesson on shadows and lunar and solar eclipses for middle school This resource has been designed so that the animated PowerPoint replaces the teacher by providing structure, sequence, knowledge and answers. The worksheets, cut-out, foldable and progress check provide a familiar medium for students to develop and test their knowledge, continue to develop their literacy skills and use their creativity to organise their learning and assess their progress. What’s Covered The shadow of a point source only has an umbra but the shadow of a large point source has an umbra and a penumbra. If the light source moves closer to the object, the shadow gets bigger. If the object moves closer to the screen, the shadow gets smaller . A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth stops all, or some, of the Sun’s light from reaching the Moon. The Moon orbits the Earth once every 29.5 days. When the entire moon passes through the Earths penumbra it appears slightly darker (penumbral eclipse). If only part of the moon passes through the Earth’s umbra it is a partial eclipse. A solar eclipse happens when the Moon stops all, or some, of the Sun’s light from reaching the Earth A person on Earth, standing in the Moon’s umbra will see a total solar eclipse. A person on Earth, standing in the Moon’s penumbra will see a partial solar eclipse. When the Moon is at its furthest point from Earth, it no longer covers the whole surface of the Sun and an annular eclipse is seen from the umbra. The Moon’s orbit is angled relative to the Earth so the Sun, Earth and Moon are not often in the alignment needed for a lunar Eclipse to occur. When the entire moon passes through the Earths umbra it appears red due to refracted red light (total or umbral eclipse). Resources An animated PowerPoint which guides the student through the lesson by: explaining how to use distance learning effectively; explaining how to use this resource; explaining current, voltage and resistance and the relationship between them; providing the answers to all the worksheets so that the students can mark and correct their work. Four worksheets, and two cut-out activities, the answers to which are in the PowerPoint. A foldable and cut-out activity so that students can record and organise their learning. A checklist for students to use to assess their progress. Digital quick test For those students without internet or a computer or a computer at home a condensed printable copy of the PowerPoint is provided for distribution by school. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

This fully resourced lesson on particle or kinetic theory for KS3 includes an animated PowerPoint which: identifies the three states of matter as solid, liquid and gas; demonstrates the arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and gases; explains the properties of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the arrangement of their particles; explains change of state including sublimation; explains pressure in gases and the effect of increasing the number of particles and temperature and decreasing volume diffusion What’s Included Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz and all answers to classwork and homework) Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers) Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary) Foldable (students use to make their own notes) Cut-and-stick activity pupil uses to make their own notes) Worksheet to support the PowerPoint Fact sheet Homework (x3) plus answers Fact share worksheet 12 Taboo cards Pupil progress self-assessment checklist Exit Ticket Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources This pack contains 18 printable resources and it is intended that the teacher uses them to build their own unique lesson to take account of student ability and time available. Literacy, oracy, self-assessment and peer assessment are all built in to the resources. These features are clearly marked on the comprehensive one-page flow chart lesson plan which shows where the logical choices between resources can be made. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A dominoes game with questions and statements on the kinetic theory of matter (particle theory) including change of state, gas pressure and diffusion. Prior Knowledge Three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and gases. Properties of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the arrangement of their particles. Change of state including sublimation. Pressure in gases and the effect of increasing the number of particles and temperature and decreasing volume. Diffusion What You Get 90 dominos Animated PowerPoint explaining the rules and how to play. Rules of the Game Each player selects seven dominos from the top of the face-down pile and holds them in their hand like playing cards. The player whose surname begins with a letter closest to the letter A starts and play proceed in a clockwise direction. Dominos can be matched exactly, or a name can be matched with a symbol or descriptions, sketches and circuit diagrams can be matched. If a player thinks a match is wrong, they can challenge. If the challenger is correct, they give a card from their own hand to the challenged player. If the challenged player is correct, they give a card from their hand to the challenger. Pupils are encouraged to check their books for the correct answer and consult their teacher if a consensus is not reached. If a player cannot play a domino, they pick up from the face down pile and can play if possible or add it to their hand. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

This is an action-packed distance learning or home school introduction to reflection in plane mirrors. This resource has been designed so that the animated PowerPoint replaces the teacher by providing structure, sequence, knowledge and answers. The worksheets, cut-outs, foldable and progress check provide a familiar medium for students to develop and test their knowledge, continue to develop their literacy skills and use their creativity to organise their learning and assess their progress. The simulated practical shows how measurements for the angles of incidence and reflection are obtained and provides a set of results for the students to draw a conclusion. What’s Covered Transparent, translucent and opaque materials Luminous and non-luminous objects Labelling the incident and reflected rays, the angles of incidence and reflection, the normal and the point of incidence Virtual experiment to prove i = r Ray diagram showing how the eye sees an image in a plane mirror The image formed in a plane mirror is upright, virtual (appears to be formed behind the mirror) laterally inverted, the same size as the object and as far behind the mirror as the object is in front. Ray diagram showing how the eye sees an image in a periscope Specular and diffuse images Resources An animated PowerPoint which guides the student through the lesson by: explaining how to use distance learning effectively; explaining how to use this resource; explaining current, voltage and resistance and the relationship between them; providing the answers to all the worksheets so that the students can mark and correct their work. Four worksheets, and two cut-out activities, the answers to which are in the PowerPoint. A foldable and cut-out activity so that students can record and organise their learning. A checklist for students to use to assess their progress. Digital quick test For those students without internet or a computer or a computer at home a condensed printable copy of the PowerPoint is provided for distribution by school. Ways to Use this Resource Upload PowerPoint and worksheets to school intranet. Students print their own worksheets. Upload PowerPoint and worksheets to school intranet and provide a hardcopy of worksheets for students. Those families who do not wish to collect worksheets or who are in isolation can print the worksheets at home. Students without photocopying facilities are instructed to write their answers in full sentences More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

If the number of a question on the smart board matches a number on their bingo card, the student writes the answer to the question in that square. Questions include: What are current, voltage and resistance Conductors and insulators Circuits and symbols Lamps in series and parallel circuits Current in series and parallel circuits Voltage in series and parallel The relationship between the number of batteries and current The relationship between the number of batteries and Voltage Adding lamps Switches in series and parallel circuits Ohms Law What is Included Random question generator for smart board (interactive white board) – 54 questions Electricity fact sheet 48 bingo cards Answers PowerPoint Suggested Lesson Plan Students have some time to review the fact sheet either independently or with teacher. Play bingo – students write the answers into the square on their bingo card which matches the question number in the smart board. Teacher uses Word hard copy of answers to check card of winners of lines and full house Pupils use answer PowerPoint to check their answers at end of game. The current electricity module is available as money-saving bundles or individual topics. Intro to Current Electricity 1 Intro to Current Electricity 2 Intro to Current Electricity 3 Intro to Current Electricity 4 Current Electricity KS3 – The Complete Module Elf Off the Shelf Shop

This is an engaging and enjoyable memory game on the kinetic theory of matter which uses the particle model to explain change of state, gas pressure and diffusion. Pupils work in teams of three or four. Each team lays out their 42 cards face down in a square and take it in turn to turn over two cards. If the cards are a question and its correct answer, the pupil keeps the pair. If they are not a match they are turned face down and the next pupil gets a turn. This process continues until all cards are matched and the winner is the pupil with the most pairs. If a team member thinks that the selectors pair is not a correct match, they can challenge. Pupils are encouraged to check their books for the correct answer but the teacher also has a quick-check answer sheet. If the challenge is correct, the challenger keeps the pair. Included in this Pack. 42 question and answer cards Teacher’s answer sheet. Instruction sheet Preparation Use double-sided printing to copy 1 set per group of 4 pupils. Sheets could be laminated to enable year-on-year use. Cut sheets into cards. Prior Knowledge Required Three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and gases. Properties of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the arrangement of their particles. Change of state including sublimation. Pressure in gases and the effect of increasing the number of particles and temperature and decreasing volume. Diffusion. More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A great way to consolidate learning on mixtures including solutions, suspensions, dissolving, solubility and saturated solutions with this pack of cards which can be used to play two games – wildcard and snap. So much fun, students don’t even realise they are learning! Prior Knowledge Required Elements and compounds are pure substance and mixtures are not. Meaning of the terms solute, solvent, solution, soluble and insoluble. Particle theory to explain why stirring, temperature and particle size affect the rate of dissolving. Particle theory to explain dissolving, suspensions and saturated solutions. Extracting information from solubility curves; What You Get 102 playing cards Animated PowerPoint with instructions for playing wildcard and snap More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

A great way to consolidate learning on mixtures including solutions, suspensions, dissolving, solubility and saturated solutions with this pack of cards which can be used to play two games – wildcard and snap. So much fun, students don’t even realise they are learning! Prior Knowledge Required The composition and physical properties of mixtures Evaporation to dryness and crystallisation Distillation Fractional distillation Filtration Chromatography What You Get 84 playing cards Animated PowerPoint with instructions for playing wildcard and snap More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

Finish and reinforce a middle school module on states of matter, change of state, mixtures and separating mixtures or revisit it prior to exams with this innovative, enjoyable and challenging escape room lesson. Students must work their way through the clues to find the code to a combination lock on the school storeroom where Chomper, the school guinea pig has been accidentally locked. Prior Knowledge Required Three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Arrangement of particles in solids, liquids and gases. Properties of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the arrangement of their particles. Change of state including sublimation. Pressure in gases and the effect of increasing the number of particles and temperature and decreasing volume. Diffusion. Elements and compounds are pure substance and mixtures are not. Meaning of the terms solute, solvent, solution, soluble and insoluble. Particle theory to explain why stirring, temperature and particle size affect the rate of dissolving. Particle theory to explain dissolving, suspensions and saturated solutions. Extracting information from solubility curves. The composition and physical properties of mixtures Evaporation to dryness and crystallisation Distillation Fractional distillation Filtration Chromatography The pack contains: PowerPoint – scene setting and instructions (sound effects and built-in timer); crossword; word search; dominoes activity; worksheet; code breaker sheet; answers; lesson plan. If time is limited just the crossword, word search and domino can be used. The worksheet is the most challenging clue to solve and this can be omitted completely for less able classes. Both 3 and 4 number combination locks can be purchased very cheaply online or the teacher can pretend to phone the school office for the staff to attempt to release the guinea pig More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources

This is an engaging and enjoyable memory game on shadows and lunar and solar eclipses for middle school. Pupils work in teams of three or four. Each team lays out their 42 cards face down in a square and take it in turn to turn over two cards. If the cards are a question and its correct answer, the pupil keeps the pair. If they are not a match they are turned face down and the next pupil gets a turn. This process continues until all cards are matched and the winner is the pupil with the most pairs. If a team member thinks that the selectors pair is not a correct match, they can challenge. Pupils are encouraged to check their books for the correct answer but the teacher also has a quick-check answer sheet. If the challenge is correct, the challenger keeps the pair. Included in this Pack. 42 question and answer cards Teacher’s answer sheet. Instruction sheet Preparation Use double-sided printing to copy 1 set per group of 4 pupils. Sheets could be laminated to enable year-on-year use. Cut sheets into cards. Prior Knowledge Required The shadow of a point source only has an umbra, but the shadow of a large point source has an umbra and a penumbra. If the light source moves closer to the object, the shadow gets bigger. If the object moves closer to the screen, the shadow gets smaller. A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth stops all, or some, of the Sun’s light from reaching the Moon. The Moon orbits the Earth once every 29.5 days. When the entire moon passes through the Earths penumbra it appears slightly darker (penumbral eclipse). If only part of the moon passes through the Earth’s umbra it is a partial eclipse. A solar eclipse happens when the Moon stops all, or some, of the Sun’s light from reaching the Earth A person on Earth, standing in the Moon’s umbra will see a total solar eclipse. A person on Earth, standing in the Moon’s penumbra will see a partial solar eclipse. When the Moon is at its furthest point from Earth, it no longer covers the whole surface of the Sun, and an annular eclipse is seen from the umbra. The Moon’s orbit is angled relative to the Earth, so the Sun, Earth and Moon are not often in the alignment needed for a lunar Eclipse to occur. When the entire moon passes through the Earths umbra it appears red due to refracted red light (total or umbral eclipse). More high quality resources available here. Elf Off the Shelf Resources