This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Capacity utilisation: o current output (divided by) maximum possible output (x 100) b) Implications of under- and over-utilisation of capacity c) Ways of improving capacity utilisation Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Methods of production: o job o batch o flow o cell b) Productivity: o output per unit of input per time period: factors influencing productivity link between productivity and competitiveness c) Efficiency: o production at minimum average cost: factors influencing efficiency distinction between labour and capital intensive production Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

2.3.1 Profit a) Calculation of: o gross profit o operating profit o profit for the year (net profit) b) Statement of comprehensive income (profit and loss account): o measuring profitability: calculation of gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and profit for the year (net profit) margin o ways to improve profitability c) Distinction between profit and cash 2.3.2 Liquidity a) Statement of financial position (balance sheet): o measuring liquidity: calculating current ratio and acid test ratio o ways to improve liquidity b) Working capital and its management: the importance of cash 2.3.3 Business failure a) Internal and external causes of business failure: o financial factors o non-financial factors

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Internal and external causes of business failure: o financial factors o non-financial factors Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Statement of financial position (balance sheet): o measuring liquidity: calculating current ratio and acid test ratio o ways to improve liquidity b) Working capital and its management: the importance of cash Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Calculation of: o gross profit o operating profit o profit for the year (net profit) b) Statement of comprehensive income (profit and loss account): o measuring profitability: calculation of gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and profit for the year (net profit) margin o ways to improve profitability c) Distinction between profit and cash Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

2.2.1 Sales forecasting a) Purpose of sales forecasts b) Factors affecting sales forecasts: o consumer trends o economic variables o actions of competitors c) Difficulties of sales forecasting 2.2.2 Sales, revenue and costs a) Calculation of sales volume and sales revenue b) Calculation of fixed and variable costs 2.2.3 Break-even a) Contribution: selling price – variable cost per unit b) Break-even point: o total fixed costs + total variable costs = total revenue c) Using contribution to calculate the break-even point d) Margin of safety e) Interpretation of break-even charts f) Limitations of break-even analysis 2.2.4 Budgets a) Purpose of budgets b) Types of budget: o historical figures o zero based c) Variance analysis d) Difficulties of budgeting

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Purpose of budgets b) Types of budget: o historical figures o zero based c) Variance analysis d) Difficulties of budgeting Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Contribution: selling price – variable cost per unit b) Break-even point: o total fixed costs + total variable costs = total revenue c) Using contribution to calculate the break-even point d) Margin of safety e) Interpretation of break-even charts f) Limitations of break-even analysis Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Calculation of sales volume and sales revenue b) Calculation of fixed and variable costs Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Purpose of sales forecasts b) Factors affecting sales forecasts: o consumer trends o economic variables o actions of competitors c) Difficulties of sales forecasting Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

2.1.1 Internal finance a) Owner’s capital: personal savings b) Retained profit c) Sale of assets 2.1.2 External finance a) Sources of finance: o family and friends o banks o peer-to-peer funding o business angels o crowd funding o other businesses b) Methods of finance: o loans o share capital o venture capital o overdrafts o leasing o trade credit o grants 2.1.3 Liability a) Implications of limited and unlimited liability b) Finance appropriate for limited and unlimited liability businesses 2.1.4 Planning a) Relevance of a business plan in obtaining finance b) Interpretation of a simple cash-flow forecast and calculations based on changes in the cash-flow variables c) Use and limitations of a cash-flow forecast

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Relevance of a business plan in obtaining finance b) Interpretation of a simple cash-flow forecast and calculations based on changes in the cash-flow variables c) Use and limitations of a cash-flow forecast Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Implications of limited and unlimited liability b) Finance appropriate for limited and unlimited liability businesses Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Sources of finance: o family and friends o banks o peer-to-peer funding o business angels o crowd funding o other businesses b) Methods of finance: o loans o share capital o venture capital o overdrafts o leasing o trade credit o grants Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Owner’s capital: personal savings b) Retained profit c) Sale of assets Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

1.5.1 Role of an entrepreneur a) Creating and setting up a business b) Running and expanding/developing a business c) Innovation within a business (intrapreneurship) d) Barriers to entrepreneurship e) Anticipating risk and uncertainty in the business environment 1.5.2 Entrepreneurial motives and characteristics a) Characteristics and skills required b) Reasons why people set up businesses: o financial motives: profit maximisation and profit satisficing o non-financial motives: ethical stance, social entrepreneurship, independence and home working 1.5.3 Business objectives a) Survival b) Profit maximisation c) Other objectives: o sales maximisation o market share o cost efficiency o employee welfare o customer satisfaction o social objectives 1.5.4 Forms of business a) Sole trader, partnership and private limited company b) Franchising, social enterprise, lifestyle businesses, online businesses c) Growth to PLC and stock market flotation 1.5.5 Business choices a) Opportunity cost b) Choices and potential trade-offs 1.5.6 Moving from entrepreneur to leader a) The difficulties in developing from an entrepreneur to a leader

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) The difficulties in developing from an entrepreneur to a leader Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Opportunity cost b) Choices and potential trade-offs Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Sole trader, partnership and private limited company b) Franchising, social enterprise, lifestyle businesses, online businesses c) Growth to PLC and stock market flotation Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation