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English language arts
Chasing Vermeer Comprehension Task Cards
Task cards are a great teaching tool that can be used in a variety of ways. This print-and-go resource is perfect for literature circles, book clubs, independent work, exit tickets, and/or small group instruction! These task cards are a great accompaniment for students reading the novel Chasing Vermeer by Blue Balliett.
This Resource Includes:
There’s a total of 76 cards in this task card set, plus additional blank cards for you to write in any prompts you’d like to add to the set.
60 - Chapter task cards
16 - Dig in & Discuss task cards - for higher-level thinking
47 - BONUS task cards - these are the same questions as in the reader response journal. Students can use the task cards to discuss in groups or partners and then record their answers in their journals.
Student recording Sheets (1 and 2 to a page)
How to Use Them:
Individual / Independent work
Extension activity for Fast Finishers
Paired / Partner / Group Work
Discussion prompts in Literature Circles / Book Clubs
Writing Prompts
Bell Ringer / Warm-Up Activities
Whole Group Discussion Starters
Entrance / Exit Tickets
Game Question Cards
Need More Specific Ideas?
Task cards can be cut, laminated and put onto large binder rings. Give each student, partner pair, or group a set of cards. You can divide up the cards or make multiple sets depending on how many task cards you want on each ring.
Keep the task cards loose and pass out the cards to students, pairs, or groups. You can differentiate the questions the students receive based on their levels.
Give students choices on which task cards they will complete. For example, pick 50 out of the 76 cards to complete by the end of the novel or have students complete the even or odd numbered cards.
Chasing Vermeer Vocabulary Activities and Quizzes
Vocabulary knowledge is a direct link to reading comprehension. This vocabulary study provides vocabulary activities for words that appear in the novel Chasing Vermeer, by Blue Balliett.
This Resource Includes:
3 - Vocabulary Graphic Organizers - includes 3 different layouts (1, 2, or 4 on a page)
Investigating Words
I-define
Vocabulary Case File
7 - Student Vocabulary Activity Sheets
Chapters 1 - 6
Chapters 7 - 11
Chapters 12 - 14
Chapters 15 - 18
Chapters 19 - 24
Answer Keys
Examples of the vocabulary activities included:
define the word
antonyms / synonyms
fill in the blank sentences
respond to questions that include the vocabulary word
categorize words that are similar
write sentences using the word
There are 3 different graphic organizers that have students determine a mix of the following:
word
definition
write a sentence
draw a picture
draw an emoji
synonyms
antonyms
examples
non-examples
The vocabulary words in the word banks appear within the range of chapters listed at the top of each vocabulary sheet.
Please keep in mind that this product is not meant to take the place of formal vocabulary instruction. It’s a tool that can help you target vocabulary instruction, check for understanding of previously taught vocabulary, and practice vocabulary knowledge in a variety of ways.
Chasing Vermeer Novel Study Activities
This novel study is a complete supplemental resource for Chasing Vermeer by Blue Balliet. The included activities focus on the genre of mystery, reader response questions, comprehension questions, vocabulary practice, character analysis, the elements of plot, and more! Graphic organizers are included, along with a clue tracker chart and mystery genre posters.
This Resource Includes:
Who Was Johannes Vermeer?: A short biography about Vermeer that includes reader response questions.*
Reader Response Journal: This reader response journal is divided into 5 sections by chapters. Each section includes 1-2 pages of vocabulary practice and 1-2 pages of short answer comprehension questions, and a 4 page final assessment that is mixed with multiple choice questions and short answer questions. Not only can this literature response packet be used for whole group discussion / instruction, but it works great in literature circles, to hold group members accountable for reading and discussing the text. It can also be used as a homework assignment, small group instruction, book clubs, etc.
Mystery Genre Resources - This section includes 2 mystery genre posters (2 color options) and a Clue Tracker to record clues or evidence regarding suspicious people or events from the novel.
Quote Analysis with response questions: a pre-reading activity
Elements of Plot: Graphic Organizer
Character Analysis: This graphic organizer can be used for any character(s) at any point during the reading of the novel that you see fit.
Task Cards: 2 sets of task cards are included. The first set is made up of open ended questions & digging deeper prompts. The second set are the same questions used in the reader response journals, but in a different format. This offers an alternative to the reader response journal activity.
A Night Divided Novel Study Quizzes, Essay Questions and Writing Prompts
This book companion product encompasses chapter quizzes, essay questions, and writing prompts to use with the novel, A Night Divided, by Jennifer A. Nielsen. The resources included were designed to promote higher-level thinking skills and encourage more in-depth class and peer discussions and writing experiences. The five chapter quizzes include both multiple-choice and short-answer question types. The essay questions and writing prompts require students to provide textual evidence to support their thinking, opinions, and/or perspectives.
This resource includes printable PDFs and Google Slides (digital) versions for the following:
Chapters 1-9 Comprehension Quiz (4 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to the chapters (ANSWER KEY included).
Chapters 10-19 Comprehension Quiz (4 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to the chapters (ANSWER KEY included).
Chapters 20-28 Comprehension Quiz (4 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to the chapters (ANSWER KEY included).
Chapters 29-37 Comprehension Quiz (4 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to the chapters (ANSWER KEY included).
Chapters 38-47 Comprehension Quiz (4 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to the chapters (ANSWER KEY included).
11- Essay Questions (11 pages) - Students will respond to the essay questions and provide evidence from the text to support their thinking.
10- Writing Prompts (10 pages) - Students will respond to the writing prompts.
Essay & Writing Response Rubric (1 page)
A Night Divided Novel Study Vocabulary Activities and Quizzes
Vocabulary knowledge is a direct link to reading comprehension. This vocabulary study provides vocabulary activities for words that appear in the novel “A Night Divided” by Jennifer A. Nielsen. Printable PDF and Google Slides & Forms (digital) versions are included!
This resource includes printable PDFs and Google Slides & Forms (digital) versions for all the following activities:
Vocabulary Activities
Vocabulary Word Lists WITH Definitions
Vocabulary Word Lists WITHOUT Definitions
Vocabulary Study Activities
Vocabulary Quizzes
ANSWER KEYS for ALL Vocabulary Practice Activities and Quizzes
Examples of the vocabulary activities included are listed below.
define the word
antonyms / synonyms
fill in the blank sentences
categorize words that are similar
write sentences using the word
Crossword puzzles
multiple choice - choose the correct definition
Figurative Language Study
Figurative Language Notes Handouts (Simile, Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole, Idiom)
Figuring Out Figurative Language Activities (ANSWER KEYS INCLUDED)
A Night Divided Novel Study STEAM Based Activities
Influenced by the novel, A Night Divided, the S.T.E.A.M.-based activities included in this product focus on the content areas of math, science, engineering, and art. Students will learn about historical events such as the Space Race, the Cold War, the Berlin Wall, and the work of artist Keith Haring, who used artistic expression to advocate for social justice. Both PDF and Google Slides (digital) versions included!
Collectively, as a class, the students will create a mural. Using the novel as a guide, students will analyze concepts such as theme, symbolism, elements of plot, character analysis, and more, then represent their understandings of these concepts through art.
In addition, students become engineers as they design a method to dig through mountains to create sturdy and leak-proof tunnels; learn about simple machines in order to design and build a transportation system that can carry a load of dirt and rocks; and design and build a structure that will hold weight without collapsing. Finally, after learning more about the Space Race and how rockets work, students will build and launch a rocket.
This resource includes both PDFs and Google Slides (digital) versions of the following activities:
Mural Art
Teacher’s Guide
List of Materials & Teacher Notes
Introduction: Videos and other resources about the Berlin Wall and the artist Keith Haring who created a mural on the Berlin Wall to advocate for social justice.
Mural Art Activity
Student Handouts
Artist: Keith Haring Handout
Mural Art Paper (3 options)
Mural Art: Artist’s Note
Mural Art: Rubric
Critical Load Structural Design
Teacher’s Guide
List of Materials & Teacher Notes
Day 1: Introduction, or review, of structural engineering, efficiency ratings, & critical load; Planning
Day 2: Construction, Testing, Present & Evaluate
Student Handouts
Student Planning Sheet
Student Construction & Testing Sheet
Student Evaluation Sheet
Tunneling Through
Teacher’s Guide
List of Materials & Teacher Notes
Day 1: Introduction: Hook, Information about Mountain Tunneling, Planning
Day 2: Construction
Day 3: Testing & Evaluate
Student Handouts
Student Planning Sheet
Student Evaluation Sheet
Rubric
Wheeling Weight
Teacher’s Guide
List of Materials & Teacher Notes
Day 1: Introduction: Information about Simple Machines & Planning
Day 2: Construction & Testing
Day 3: Evaluate
Student Handouts
Student Planning Sheet
Student Construction & Testing Sheet
Student Evaluation Sheet
**Rocket Launch **
Teacher’s Guide
List of Materials & Teacher Notes
Building Background: Videos and other resources on the Space Race and the Cold War.
Day 1: Mini Lesson: Information and videos about how rockets work & Construction
Day 2: Testing & Evaluate
Student Handouts
Student Construction Sheet
Student Testing Sheet
Student Evaluation Sheet
Bundle
Home of the Brave by Katherine Applegate Novel Study BUNDLE
This comprehensive BUNDLE has EVERYTHING you need to engage your class in a novel study using the book* Home of the Brave* by Katherine Applegate.
Simplify your lesson planning with this NO-PREP NOVEL STUDY that includes activities in which students will respond to higher-level questions, deepen their vocabulary knowledge, and analyze elements of plot, characters, and the author’s craft. Includes Printable PDFs as well as Google Slideshows & Google Forms for a digital option!
You save over 20% off the individual price of each product by purchasing this Home of the Brave Novel Study BUNDLE!
Activities included require students to identify and investigate literary elements (e.g., tone, mood, plot, setting, theme, point of view, conflict, etc.) as well as literary devices and techniques (e.g., flashbacks, foreshadowing, figurative language, imagery, etc.). Additionally, students will make predictions, compare and contrast, summarize, evaluate characters, draw conclusions, and much more! The exercises in this unique study urge students to critically engage with the text.
These activities were created to guide your students through the novel, hold them accountable for their reading, and assess their comprehension through a number of engaging and challenging activities.
A Night Divided Novel Study Theme and Symbolism Extension Activities
This product includes engaging extension activities that require students to take a deeper look into the novel, “A Night Divided.” These activities are designed to promote and support higher-level thinking skills and focus on more abstract reading concepts such as theme, symbolism, perspective, and figurative language. Printable PDF and Google Slides & Forms (digital) versions are included!
The activities included in this resource lend themselves to more in-depth class and peer discussions. Students will respond to open-ended questions with short answers, textual evidence, the creation of images, and more. Most questions require that students provide textual evidence to support their thinking and challenge them to provide their opinions and/or perspectives.
**This resource includes both printable PDFs and Google Slides (digital) versions for the following activities:
Figurative Language Notes Handouts
Figuring Out Figurative Language Activities (INCLUDES ANSWER KEY)
Theme Study
Symbolism Analysis (INCLUDES ANSWER KEY)
5 Quote Connections
6 Quote Activities – 60 quote cards are included
Hoodie & Design Perspective
Meaning & Image
2- Quote Pair Up
Important Quotes
Inspirational Quote
60 Quote Cards
Bonus Activities
The Perfect Playlist - Students will design a soundtrack with a playlist to represent big ideas found within the story.
Gerta on the ‘Gram – Students create an Instagram post of one of the events from the story.**
Home of the Brave by Katherine Applegate Novel Study Extension Activities
his product includes engaging extension activities that require students to delve deeper into Katherine Applegate’s novel, “Home of the Brave.” The included activities were designed to promote higher-level thinking skills in addition to providing more in-depth class and peer discussions and writing experiences. Printable PDF and Google Slides (digital) versions are included!
These activities are designed to promote and support higher-level thinking skills and focus on more abstract reading concepts such as theme, symbolism, perspective, character analysis, and more.
This resource includes printable PDFs and Google Slides (digital) versions of the following acrivities:
Overcoming Obstacles
Character Change
Character Perspective
Character Summary
Compare & Contrast Characters
Compare & Contrast Settings
Visualizing
The Perfect Playlist - design a soundtrack for the story, which includes creating a playlist of FOUR songs that represent four BIG IDEAS
Kek on the 'Gram - create an Instagram post for one of the events in the story.
4-Quote Connections
Quote Pair Up
Important Quotes
Inspirational Quote
70 Quote Cards
Theme Analysis - Includes the following themes: Holding onto Hope, Importance of Family and Friends; Languages and Communication; and Assimilation & Change.
Determine the Theme
Symbolism Activity (ANSWER KEY included)
Home of the Brave Vocabulary and Figurative Language Activities
This word study companion encompasses vocabulary practice activities and quizzes along with figurative language notes and activities for each of the 4 parts of the novel, Home of the Brave, by Katherine Applegate. The included activities were designed to promote higher-level thinking skills in addition to providing more in-depth class and peer discussions and writing experiences.
This resource includes printable PDFs and Google Slides (digital) versions of the following activities:
VOCABULARY ACTIVITIES - Each Part (1-4) includes the following activities
Vocabulary Study
Vocabulary Practice (ANSWER KEY Included)
Vocabulary Crossword Puzzles (ANSWER KEY Included)
Vocabulary Word Search Puzzles (ANSWER KEY Included)
Vocabulary Quiz (ANSWER KEY Included)
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE ACTIVITIES
Figurative Language Notes: Includes handouts for idiom, metaphor, simile, and personification.
Part 1 - Figuring Out Figurative Language: Students read the text taken from the story, describe what it looks and/or feels like, and explain why the author described the example using figurative language (ANSWER KEY Included).
Part 2 - Figuring Out Figurative Language: Students read underline the figurative language in the given text, identify the type(s), determine the meaning(s), and explain how the author’s use of the figurative language helps the reader gain a better understanding of the text (ANSWER KEY Included).
Part 3 - Finding Figurative Language: Students will look for how the author incorporates figurative language in the text and fill in the chart with the quote, page #, type, meaning, and the author’s purpose for including it.
Part 4 & Epilogue - Figuring Out Figurative Language: Students read the given text from the story, circle the type of figurative language used, determine what is being compared, state the meaning, and answer the extension question for each example (ANSWER KEY included).
Home of the Brave by Katherine Applegate Quizzes & Writing Prompts
This novel study companion encompasses comprehension quizzes, a final test, and writing prompts to use with the novel, Home of the Brave, by Katherine Applegate. The included activities were designed to promote higher-level thinking skills in addition to providing more in-depth class and peer discussions and writing experiences.
The comprehension quizzes are divided into the four parts of the novel and feature multiple-choice and short-answer questions. The final test covers the entire book. The writing exercises require that students defend their ideas, viewpoints, and/or perspectives in addition to providing text evidence when appropriate.
This resource includes printable PDFs and Google Slides (digital) versions of the following activities:
Part 1 Comprehension Quiz (2 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to part 1 of the novel (ANSWER KEY included).
Part 2 Comprehension Quiz (2 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to part 2 of the novel (ANSWER KEY included).
Part 3 Comprehension Quiz (2 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to part 2 of the novel (ANSWER KEY included).
Part 4 & Epilogue Comprehension Quiz (2 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions related to part 2 of the novel (ANSWER KEY included).
Final Test (4 pages) - Students will answer multiple choice and short-answer questions over the entire novel (ANSWER KEY included).
7 Writing Prompts (7 pages) - Students will respond to the writing prompts and provide evidence from the text to support their thinking.
Writing Response Rubric (1 page)
Home of the Brave Novel Study Reader Response & Graphic Organizers
This reader response product is a supplemental resource for the novel “Home of the Brave” by Katherine Applegate. Printable PDF and Google Slides (digital) versions are included! As teachers, we want our students to engage with text in meaningful and purposeful ways, but we also need them to read independently to build up stamina.
The reader response questions lend themselves to in-depth class or peer discussions. They require students to provide textual evidence to support their responses and/or express their opinions or perspectives. The graphic organizers provided in this product can be utilized in a variety of ways to differentiate based on your student’s academic abilities and needs.
This resource includes printable PDF and Google Slides (digital) versions of the following activities:
Agree or Disagree?
Judging by the Cover
Pre-Reading Focus Questions
Reader Response Questions (ANSWER KEY included)
Making Predictions Graphic Organizer
Cause & Effect Graphic Organizers
Making Inferences
Summarizing
Making Connections
Problem & Solution
Chain of Events
Story Plot
Character Analysis
Character Inside & Out
Sensory Details
Book Review
Let the Children March Book Companion Activities
This picture book companion is the perfect supplemental resource for Monica Clark-Robinson’s book, Let the Children March. It’s the ideal interactive read-aloud for educating students about the civil rights movement, community, qualities of a leader, pride, resilience, standing up for what you believe in, hope, unity, and so much more! It’s a great addition to units on black history, the civil rights movement, influential people in history, and more. Students will love the engaging and fun activities, and you will appreciate the time saved hunting for high-level resources to teach reading concepts that students frequently struggle with.
With 36 print-and-go reading activities to choose from, this resource is ideal for customizing learning to your student’s specific needs and academic ability. Students will investigate characters, identify story elements, determine the theme, identify and analyze literary devices, read text and illustrations, practice plotting story events, analyze characters, and much more! The activities provided are designed to enable students to apply higher-level thinking skills, to encourage students to provide text evidence to support their thinking, and to challenge students to express their own thoughts and/or perspectives.
"Boycott Blues" Rosa Parks Book Companion
his picture book companion is the perfect supplemental resource for Andrea Davis Pinkney’s book, Boycott Blues: How Rosa Parks Inspired a Nation. With 31 print-and-go reading activities to choose from, this resource is ideal for customizing learning to your student’s specific needs and academic ability.
Students will investigate characters, identify story elements, determine the theme, investigate symbolism in color and illustrations, practice plotting story events, analyze characters, and much more! The activities provided are designed to enable students to apply higher-level thinking skills, to encourage students to provide text evidence to support their thinking, and to challenge students to express their own thoughts and/or perspectives.
It’s the ideal interactive read-aloud for educating students about the civil rights movement, community, qualities of a leader, pride, resilience, standing up for what you believe in, hope, unity, and so much more! It’s a great addition to units on black history, women in history, the civil rights movement, influential people in history, or biographies. Students will love the engaging and fun activities, and you will appreciate the time saved hunting for high-level resources to teach reading concepts that students frequently struggle with.
A Sweet Smell of Roses Picture Book Companion
This picture book companion is an amazing supplemental resource for upper elementary and middle school. A Sweet Smell of Roses, by Angela Johnson, is an ideal interactive read-aloud for any time of the year or for educating your students about influential leaders, community, unity, the Civil Rights Movement, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., persistence, equality, standing up for what they believe in, kindness, being brave, and appreciating each other’s differences. The illustrations by Eric Velasquez are absolutely stunning and add another layer of depth to the story, opening up the opportunity for students to think about the symbolism that illustrations and color can hold. Students will love the engaging and fun activities, and you will appreciate the time saved hunting for high-level resources to teach reading concepts that students frequently struggle with.
With 28 print-and-go reading activities to choose from, this resource is ideal for customizing learning to your student’s specific needs and academic ability. Students will investigate characters, identify story elements, determine the theme, investigate symbolism in color and illustrations, practice plotting story events, analyze characters, and much more! The activities provided are designed to enable students to apply higher-level thinking skills, to encourage students to provide text evidence to support their thinking, and to challenge students to express their own thoughts and/or perspectives.
Martin's Big Words Read Aloud Activities
This picture book companion is an amazing supplemental resource for upper elementary and middle school. Martin’s Big Words, by Doreen Rappaport is an ideal interactive read-aloud for any time of the year or for educating your students about influential leaders, the Civil Rights Movement, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., persistence, equality, standing up for what they believe in, kindness, being brave, and appreciating each other’s differences. Students will love the engaging and fun activities, and you will appreciate the time saved hunting for high-level resources to teach reading concepts that students frequently struggle with.
With 30 print-and-go reading activities to choose from, this resource is ideal for customizing learning to your student’s specific needs and academic ability. Students will investigate characters, identify story elements, determine theme, research, explore and use new vocabulary, practice plotting story events, analyze quotes, and much more! The activities provided are designed to enable students to apply higher-level thinking skills, to encourage students to provide text evidence to support their thinking, and to challenge students to express their own thoughts and/or perspectives.
"I Have A Dream" Picture Book Companion MLK
This picture book companion for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s “I Have A Dream” speech includes activities that allow students to explore the power of Dr. King’s words by analyzing some of his most notable quotations. This interactive read-aloud resource is perfect for teaching rhetorical analysis and annotations in upper elementary and middle school. It can be used any time of the year to educate your students about influential leaders, the Civil Rights Movement, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., persistence, equality, standing up for what they believe in, kindness, courage, and more. Students will love the engaging and fun activities, and you will appreciate the time saved hunting for high-level resources to teach reading concepts that students frequently struggle with.
With 24 print-and-go reading activities to choose from, this resource is ideal for customizing learning to your student’s specific needs and academic ability. Students will analyze and annotate the rhetoric in a speech, investigate leadership traits, determine the theme, conduct research, explore and use new vocabulary, analyze quotes, and much more! The activities provided are designed to enable students to apply higher-level thinking skills, to encourage students to provide text evidence to support their thinking, and to challenge students to express their own thoughts and/or perspectives.
Ella Fitzgerald Skit-Scat Raggedy Cat Book Companion
This picture book companion is a complete supplemental resource for Roxane Orgill’s book, Skit-Scat Raggedy Cat: Ella Fitzgerald.
With 43 print-and-go reading activities to choose from, this resource is ideal for customizing learning to your student’s specific needs and academic ability. Students will investigate characters, identify story elements, determine the theme, conduct research, identify and find the meaning of figurative language, practice plotting story events, analyze characters, make predictions & connections, respond to questions related to the story, and much more!
It’s the ideal interactive read-aloud for educating students about the singer Ella Fitzgerald, resilience, passion, dedication, overcoming obstacles, hope, jazz music, the Harlem Renaissance, and so much more! It’s a great addition to units on black history, women in history, the Harlem Renaissance, jazz music, influential people in history, or biographies. Students will love the engaging and fun activities, and you will appreciate the time saved hunting for high-level resources to teach reading concepts that students frequently struggle with.
The activities provided are designed to enable students to apply higher-level thinking skills, to encourage students to provide text evidence to support their thinking, and to challenge students to express their own thoughts and/or perspectives.
Joan Procter Dragon Doctor Book Companion
This picture book companion is a complete supplemental resource for Patricia Valdez’s book, Joan Procter, Dragon Doctor: The Woman Who Loved Reptiles.
With 60 print-and-go reading activities to choose from, this resource is ideal for customizing learning to your student’s specific needs and academic abilities. Students will investigate characters, identify story elements, determine the theme, conduct research, practice plotting story events, analyze characters, make predictions and connections, respond to writing prompts, and much more!
It’s the ideal interactive read-aloud for educating students about the scientist Joan Procter, pursuing a passion, dedication, overcoming obstacles, reptiles, and so much more! It’s a great addition to units on Women’s History Month, women in science, zoology, reptiles, influential people in history, or biographies. Students will love the engaging and fun activities, and you will appreciate the time saved hunting for high-level resources to teach reading concepts that students frequently struggle with.
The activities provided are designed to enable students to apply higher-level thinking skills, to encourage students to provide text evidence to support their thinking, and to challenge students to express their own thoughts and/or perspectives.
Trailblazer: Raven Wilkinson Ballerina Activities
This picture book companion is a complete supplemental resource for Leda Schubert’s book, Trailblazer: The Story of Ballerina Raven Wilkinson.
With 40 print-and-go reading activities to choose from, this resource is ideal for customizing learning to your student’s specific needs and academic ability.
Students will investigate characters, identify story elements, determine the theme, conduct research, read text and illustrations, practice plotting story events, analyze characters, make predictions & connections, respond to questions related to the story, and much more!
It’s the ideal interactive read-aloud for educating students about the ballerina Raven Wilkinson, equality, resilience, passion, dedication, standing up for what you believe in, hope, unity, and so much more! It’s a great addition to units on black history, women in history, the civil rights movement, influential people in history, or biographies. Students will love the engaging and fun activities, and you will appreciate the time saved hunting for high-level resources to teach reading concepts that students frequently struggle with.
The activities provided are designed to enable students to apply higher-level thinking skills, to encourage students to provide text evidence to support their thinking, and to challenge students to express their own thoughts and/or perspectives.