Essential notes for students: can be used for independent study or as a lesson. Themes include: New York society; gossip; sexuality; marriage; duty/passion; old vs new money; adultery. These notes also cover the major characters; influences on Wharton, e.g. Austen and Henry James; the novel’s place in American Literature; the ironic, multiple meanings of the title. Students can cite these ideas for AO5, other interpretations. Over 3000 words of essential critical study on this novel. Frank Danes, the author, is an experienced A level examiner, former Head of English and published author of many guides to A level texts.