Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 6.3 - Understand the development of the rural-urban fringe: housing estates, retail, business and science parks, industrial estates, and the greenfield versus brownfield debate. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 5.1 - Understand examples of goods and services provided for people by natural ecosystems (timber, tourism, food, energy, water resources, health services, natural protection and climate regulation). Specification Point 5.1 - Understand how humans use, modify and change ecosystems and rural environments to obtain food through farming systems (arable/pastoral, commercial/subsistence, intensive/extensive). Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 6.3 - Understand the role of different groups of people (planners, politicians, property developers and industrialists) in managing the social, economic and environmental challenges in the chosen urban area. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 21 - Acids and Alkalis. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.28 - Describe the use of litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange to distinguish between acidic and alkaline solutions. Specification Point 2.29 - Understand how the pH scale can be used to classify solutions as strongly acidic, weakly acidic, neutral, weakly alkaline and strongly alkaline. Specification Point 2.30 - Describe the use of universal indicator to measure the approximate pH value of an aqueous solution. Specification Point 2.31 - Know that acids in aqueous solution are a source of hydrogen ions and alkalis in a aqueous solution are a source of hydroxide ions. Specification Point 2.32 - Know that alkalis can neutralise acids. Complete set of Chapter 5 Worksheets are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 23 - Acids, Bases and Salts. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.34 - Know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water. Specification Point 2.35 - Understand acids and bases in terms of proton transfer. Specification Point 2.36 - Understand that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor. Specification Point 2.37 - Describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid with metals, bases and metal carbonates to form salts. Specification Point 2.38 - Know that metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases, and that alkalis are bases that are soluble in water. Specification Point 2.39 - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble reactant. Specification Point 2.42 - Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper (II) sulphate crystals starting from copper (II) oxide. Complete set of Chapter 5 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.34C - Understand how to carry out calculations involving amount of substance, volume and concentration of solution. Specification Point 1.35C - Understand how to carry out calculations involving gas volumes and the molar volume of a gas. Complete set of Chapter 2 Lessons are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.52C - Know how to represent a metallic lattice by a 2-D diagram. Specification Point 1.53C - Understand metallic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions. Specification Point 1.54C - Explain typical physical properties of metals, including electrical conductivity and malleability. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 20 - The Uses of Metals. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.22C - Know that most metals are extracted from ores found in the Earth’s crust and that unreactive metals are often found as the uncombined element. Specification Point 2.23C - Explain how the method of extraction of a metal is related to its position in the reactivity series, illustrated by carbon extraction for iron and electrolysis for aluminium. Specification Point 2.24C - Be able to comment on a metal extraction process, given appropriate information. Specification Point 2.25C - Explain the uses of aluminium, copper, iron and steel in terms of their properties. Specification Point 2.26C - Know that an alloy is a mixture of a metal and one or more elements, usually other metals or carbon. Specification Point 2.27C - Explain why alloys are harder than pure metals. Complete set of Chapter 4 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.34 - Know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water. Specification Point 2.35 - Understand acids and bases in terms of proton transfer. Specification Point 2.36 - Understand that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor. Specification Point 2.37 - Describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid with metals, bases and metal carbonates to form salts. Specification Point 2.38 - Know that metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases, and that alkalis are bases that are soluble in water. Specification Point 2.39 - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble reactant. Specification Point 2.42 - Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper (II) sulphate crystals starting from copper (II) oxide. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 7 - Atoms and Molecules. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 1.14 - Know what is meant by the terms atom and molecule. Specification Point 1.15 - Know the structure of an atom in terms of the positions, relative masses and relative charges of subatomic particles. Specification Point 1.16 - Know what is meant by the terms atomic number, mass number, isotopes and relative atomic mass (Ar). Complete set of Chapter 2 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.40C - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an acid and alkali. Specification Point 2.41C - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt, starting from 2 soluble reactants. Specification Point 2.43C - Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry lead (II) sulphate. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 25 - Chemical Tests. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 2.44 - Describe tests for these gases: hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia and chlorine. Specification Point 2.45 - Describe how to carry out a flame test. Specification Point 2.46 - Know the colours formed in flame tests for the following cations: lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and copper. Specification Point 2.47 - Describe tests for these cations: ammonium using sodium hydroxide solution and identifying the gas evolved. Copper, iron (II) and iron (III) using sodium hydroxide solution. Specification Point 2.48 - Describe tests for these anions: chloride, bromide and iodide using acidified silver nitrate solution. Sulphates using acidified barium chloride solution and carbonates using hydrochloric acid and identifying the gas evolved. Specification Point 2.49 - Describe a test for the presence of water using anhydrous copper (II) sulphate. Specification Point 2.50 - Describe a physical test to show whether a sample of water is pure. Complete set of Chapter 5 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.5C - Draw and explain energy level diagrams to represent exothermic and endothermic reactions. Specification Point 3.6C - Know that bond-breaking is an endothermic process and that bond-making is an exothermic process. Specification Point 3.7C - Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change during a chemical reaction. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 27 - Bond Energies. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 3.5C - Draw and explain energy level diagrams to represent exothermic and endothermic reactions. Specification Point 3.6C - Know that bond-breaking is an endothermic process and that bond-making is an exothermic process. Specification Point 3.7C - Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change during a chemical reaction. Complete set of Chapter 6 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.29C - Know that alcohols contain the functional group −OH. Specification Point 4.30C - Understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol and name each compound. Specification Point 4.31C - Know that how ethanol can be oxidised. Specification Point 4.32C - Know how ethanol can be manufactured. Specification Point 4.33C - Understand the reasons for fermentation, in the absence of air, and at an optimum temperature. Specification Point 4.34C - Know that carboxylic acids contain the functional group -COOH. Specification Point 4.35C - Understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for unbranched-chain carboxylic acids with up to four carbon atoms in the molecule, and name each compound. Specification Point 4.36C - Describe the reactions of aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids with metals and metal carbonates. Specification Point 4.37C - Know that vinegar is an aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 34 - Alkanes and Alkenes. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 4.19 - Know the general formula for alkanes. Specification Point 4.20 - Explain why alkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons. Specification Point 4.21 - Understand how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkanes with up to five carbon atoms in the molecule, and to name the unbranched-chain isomers. Specification Point 4.22 - Describe the reactions of alkanes with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet radiation, limited to mono-substitution. Specification Point 4.23 - Know that alkenes contain a particular functional group (C=C). Specification Point 4.24 - Know the general formula for alkenes. Specification Point 4.25 - Explain why alkenes are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Specification Point 4.26 - Understand how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkenes with up to four carbon atoms in the molecule, and name the unbranched-chain isomers. Specification Point 4.27 -Describe the reactions of alkenes with bromine to produce dibromoalkanes. Specification Point 4.28 - Describe how bromine water can be used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene. Complete set of Chapter 7 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.3.3 - Gender. Cognitive explanations of gender development, Kohlberg’s theory, gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy; gender schema theory. Complete set of Chapter 10 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.7.4 - Populations in ecosystems. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.