7.7 Growth and survival of firms 7.7.1 reasons for different sizes of firms 7.7.2 internal growth of firms: organic growth and diversification 7.7.3 external growth of firms – integration (mergers and takeovers): • methods of integration: – horizontal – vertical (forwards and backwards) – conglomerate • reasons for integration • consequences of integration 7.7.4 cartels: • conditions for an effective cartel • consequences of a cartel 7.7.5 principal–agent problem arising from differing objectives of shareholders/owners and managers 7.8 Differing objectives and policies of firms 7.8.1 traditional profit-maximising objective of firms 7.8.2 an understanding of other objectives of firms: • survival • profit satisficing • sales maximisation • revenue maximisation 7.8.3 price discrimination – first, second and third degree: • conditions for effective price discrimination • consequences of price discrimination 7.8.4 other pricing policies: • limit pricing • predatory pricing • price leadership 7.8.5 relationship between price elasticity of demand and a firm’s revenue: • in a normal downward sloping demand curve • in a kinked demand curve video links to key topics

PPT covering Unit 7.5: 7.5 Types of cost, revenue and profit, short-run and long-run production 7.5.1 short-run production function: • fixed and variable factors of production • definition and calculation of total product, average product and marginal product • law of diminishing returns (law of variable proportions) 7.5.2 short-run cost function: • definition and calculation of fixed costs (FC) and variable costs (VC) • definition and calculation of total, average and marginal costs (TC, AC, MC), including average total cost (ATC), total and average fixed costs (TFC, AFC) and total and average variable costs (TVC, AVC) • explanation of shape of short-run average cost and marginal cost curves 7.5.3 long-run production function: • no fixed factors of production • returns to scale 7.5.4 long-run cost function: • explanation of shape of long-run average cost curve • concept of minimum efficient scale 7.5.5 relationship between economies of scale and decreasing average costs 7.5.6 internal and external economies of scale 7.5.7 internal and external diseconomies of scale 7.5.8 definition and calculation of revenue: total, average and marginal revenue (TR, AR, MR) 7.5.9 definition of normal, subnormal and supernormal profit 7.5.10 calculation of supernormal and subnormal profit video links to key topics

PPT covering Unit 7.3 7.3 Efficiency and market failure 7.3.1 definitions of productive efficiency and allocative efficiency 7.3.2 conditions for productive efficiency and allocative efficiency 7.3.3 Pareto optimality 7.3.4 definition of dynamic efficiency 7.3.5 definition of market failure 7.3.6 reasons for market failure

PPT covering the topics of Utility and indifference curves. Each page is question based to determine prior knowledge - good for flipped learning. 7.1 Utility 7.1.1 definition and calculation of total utility and marginal utility 7.1.2 diminishing marginal utility 7.1.3 equi-marginal principle 7.1.4 derivation of an individual demand curve 7.1.5 limitations of marginal utility theory and its assumptions of rational behaviour 7.2 Indifference curves and budget lines 7.2.1 meaning of an indifference curve and a budget line 7.2.2 causes of a shift in the budget line 7.2.3 income, substitution and price effects for normal, inferior and Giffen goods 7.2.4 limitations of the model of indifference curve

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included elasticity, price elasticity of demand (PED), perfectly elastic demand, perfectly inelastic demand, unitary demand etc

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included free-market economy, centrally planned economy, mixed economy, laissez-faire, consumer surplus, marginal consumer, marginal social benefit (MSB), price signal. producer surplus, marginal cost, barriers to entry etc

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included supply, the firm, competitive market, factors of production

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included the foreign exchange market, labour market, unemployment, money market etc

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included static analysis & comparative static analysis

I have broken the CIE Econs A2 past paper questions into seven categories for easy access - Efficiency, Market structure, Marginal utility, Labour Market, Circular flow of income, Economic development and Government policies. This is taken from the years 2017 - March 2020

A2 Macroeconomics. Topic -** Modeling the economy**. Aids lesson planning with topic related prompts enabling class discussion throughout. PPT - learning objectives, key terms, spec inserts, diagrams, videos and so forth. Exercises taken from Economics - Peter smith

A2 Macroeconomics. Topic -** Policies to promote development**. Aids lesson planning with topic related prompts enabling class discussion throughout. PPT - learning objectives, key terms, spec inserts, diagrams, videos and so forth. Exercises taken from Economics - Peter smith

A2 Macroeconomics. Topic -** Designing macroeconomic policy**. Aids lesson planning with topic related prompts enabling class discussion throughout. PPT - learning objectives, key terms, spec inserts, diagrams, videos and so forth. Exercises taken from Economics - Peter smith

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included normal goods, inferior goods, complements, substitutes, Giffen goods, Veblen goods

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included demand & supply, ceteris paribus, income effect, substitution effect, conspicuous demand etc

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included excess demand, excess supply, market equilibrium etc

A2 Macroeconomics. Topic - National income and economic growth. Aids lesson planning with topic related prompts enabling class discussion throughout. PPT - learning objectives, key terms, spec inserts, videos and so forth. Exercises taken from* Economics* - Peter Smith

PPT 4- A2 Econs CIE (to be used with any syllabus) - exercises refered to are from Economics - Peter Smith Objectives provided for syllabus covered. Key words detailed. Relevant diagrams. Syllabus prompts