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HENRY THE EIGHTH
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HENRY THE EIGHTH

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HENRY THE EIGHTH. BROUGHT ENGLAND INTO THE PROTESTANT CAMP. CONFISCATED MONEY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. MARRIED SIX TIME. EXECUTED SEVERAL OF HIS WIVES AND OTHERS. ENGLAND PROGRESSED UNDER HIS REIGN.
THE USS CONSTITUTION
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THE USS CONSTITUTION

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After the USA became independent in 1783, it lost the protection of the English fleet. The USA had a world-wide trading fleet and whaling. It decided to build a fleet of six Constitution class ships. In 1796 the Constitution was completed. It was designed to be competitive with contemporary ships. To do this it was more heavily armed than other frigates but faster than bigger ships. This fleet went on to a distinguished career, especially the USS Constitution. By 1816 the USS Constitution was retired as a warship, but went on to be a flagship of the fleet because of its beauty. Wood in sea water deteriorates and scraping the remains of the ship was reasonable by the 1840’s A poem rallied support for saving the ship. It went on to various uses. It sailed around the world. It was used as a training ship, a barracks, storage. It received different restorations. It was used to raise funds, going on towed tour of American Cities. It was recently restored and actually sailed. It is there in Boston Harbor where it was built and can be toured.
THOMAS JEFFERSON   WHAT HE DID WITH GAELIC
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THOMAS JEFFERSON WHAT HE DID WITH GAELIC

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Bha Tòmas Jefferson na bhall den Chòmhdhail Mhòr-thìreach ann an 1776. Bha Cogadh Ar-a-mach Ameireagaidh a’ tòiseachadh agus bha a’ Chòmhdhail a’ feuchainn dèan rudeigin mu dheidhinn. Chaidh tì Breatannach a bha còir a bhith air a chìs a dhumpadh dhan chala. Mar thoradh air an sin, dhùin na Breatannaich am port. Rinn na Breatannaich turas a-steach don dùthaich gus fùdar-gunna a ghlacadh agus ceannardan nan ceannairceach. Choinnich militia Ameireaganach riutha agus chaidh an gluasad air ais agus stad a chuir a-steach gu Boston. An uairsin chaidh na h-Ameireaganaich air cnoc tarsainn na h-aibhne airson losgadh a-steach don bhaile. Chaidh na saighdearan Breatannach thairis air an abhainn agus suas am bruthach. Anns a’ bhlàr seo, sheall na h-Ameireaganaich gum b’ urrainn dhaibh sabaid leis an arm Bhreatannach air an aon ìre. Air ais ann am Philadelphia, rinn a’ Chòmhdhail aon athchuinge mhodhail mu dheireadh chun Rìgh ach chaidh a freagairt gu mì-mhodhail. Bha na roghainnean aca cuingealaichte. Bidh iad a’ taghadh sgrìobhadair ealanta airson sgrìobhainn ullachadh a’ toirt cunntas air an t-suidheachadh aca: Neo-eisimeileachd le liosta de na h-adhbharan airson gun robh an ceum seo riatanach. Às deidh ochd bliadhna fada agus taic Frangach chaidh an cogadh a bhuannachadh. Thàinig Tòmas Jefferson gu bhith na 3mh ceann-suidhe. Tha e air a chuimhneachadh as fheàrr airson a bhith a’ sgrìobhadh The Declaration of Independence. Tha am brat-ùrlair fhèin air a ghleidheadh ​​​​gu breagha agus tha e fhathast ri fhaicinn ann an Washington DC. Cuir fios air ais Pannalan taobh Eachdraidh Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson was a member of the Continental Congress in 1776. The American Revolutionary War was beginning and Congress was trying do something about it. British tea that was supposed to be taxed was dumped into the harbor. As a result, the British closed the port. The British made a trip into the country to capture gunpowder and the leaders of the rebels. They were met by American militia and driven back and blocked into Boston. Then the Americans went on a hill across the river to fire into the town. The British soldiers crossed the river and up the hill. In this battle, the Americans showed that they could fight with the British army on an equal footing. Back in Philadelphia, Congress made one last polite petition to the King but was rudely answered. Their options were limited. They choose an articulate writer to prepare a document describing their situation: Independence with a list of reasons why this step was necessary. After eight long years and French support the war was won. Thomas Jefferson became the 3rd president. He is best remembered for writing The Declaration of Independence. The actual parchment has been lovingly preserved and can still be seen in Washington DC.
WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE  with GAELIC
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WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE with GAELIC

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America was a British colony. After England defeated the French in America, they wanted to get back some of the money they had spent on the war. They tried to raise American taxes but were rebuffed. The colonies became disaffected and moved toward trying for independence. After they tried to petition the King and were rejected, they declared independence. Hostilities had already started. They turned to a middle aged George Washington who had some military experience in his youth. He was a plantation owner and had been a surveyor; traveling through the wilderness. He got the British to evacuate Boston but was humiliated in New York City, narrowing escaping into the deep wilderness with his ragtag army. In the winter, he was faced with the end of his armies conscriptions; he would lose most of his army. If captured he would have been hung as a traitor. In this impossible situation, he made a desperation move. He attacked on Christmas eve across a ice chocked river. He caught Hessian troops in their cozy quarters. This victory saved the army, which eventually won against all odds. B’ e coloinidh Breatannach a bha ann an Ameireagaidh. Às deidh do Shasainn a’ chùis a dhèanamh air na Frangaich ann an Ameireagaidh, rinn iad bha iad airson beagan den airgead a chosg iad air a’ chogadh fhaighinn air ais. Dh’fheuch iad ri cìsean Ameireaganach a thogail ach chaidh an càineadh. Dh’fhàs na coloinidhean mì-riaraichte agus ghluais iad gu bhith a’ feuchainn ri neo-eisimeileachd. Às deidh dhaibh feuchainn ri athchuinge a chuir air an Rìgh agus a bhith air an diùltadh, dh’ ainmich iad neo-eisimeileachd. Bha nàimhdeas air tòiseachadh mar-thà. Thionndaidh iad gu Seòras Washington meadhan-aois aig an robh beagan eòlas armailteach na òige. B’ e sealbhadair planntachasan a bh’ ann agus bha e air a bhith na neach-tomhais; a’ siubhal tron fhàsach. Thug e air na Breatannaich Boston fhalmhachadh ach chaidh a mhaslachadh ann am Baile New York, a’ caolachadh a’ teicheadh dhan fhàsach dhomhainn leis an arm ragtag aige. Anns a’ gheamhradh, bha e ‘na aghaidh le crìoch a chuir air na feachdan aige; chailleadh e a’ chuid bu mho de’n arm aige. Nam biodh e air a ghlacadh bhiodh e air a chrochadh mar neach-brathaidh. Anns an t-suidheachadh do-dhèanta seo, rinn e gluasad eu-dòchasach. Thug e ionnsaigh air oidhche na Nollaige thairis air abhainn air a tachdadh le deigh. Rug e air saighdearan Hessian nan àitean comhfhurtail. Shàbhail am buaidh seo an t-arm, a bhuannaich mu dheireadh an-aghaidh a h-uile coltas.