This is an engaging and fully resourced REVISION lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick differentiated tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 1 (Energy) of the AQA GCSE Physics (8463) specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Students should be able to describe all the changes involved in the way energy is stored when a system changes, for common situations. Students should be able to calculate the changes in energy involved when a system Students should be able to calculate the amount of energy associated with a moving object, a stretched spring and an object raised above ground level Students should be able to apply the equation to calculate the amount of energy stored in or released from a system as its temperature changes Students should know that the specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius Students should be able to define power as the rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done Students should know that energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed Students should be able to describe, with examples, how in all system changes energy is dissipated, so that it is stored in less useful ways. This energy is often described as being ‘wasted’ Students should be able to explain ways of reducing unwanted energy transfers, for example through lubrication and the use of thermal insulation. Students should be able to calculate the energy efficiency for any energy transfer using the recalled equation Students should know the main energy resources available for use on Earth including fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), nuclear fuel, biofuel, wind, hydro-electricity, geothermal, the tides, the Sun and water waves. The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “It’s time for ACTION” where they have to compete to be the 1st to recognise a process ending in -tion from its description whilst all the time evaluating and assessing which areas of this topic will need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 3 (Chemical changes) of the Edexcel GCSE Chemistry specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Recall that acids in solution are sources of hydrogen ions and alkalis in solution are sources of hydroxide ions Recall that the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions in an acidic solution, the lower the pH; and the higher the concentration of hydroxide ions in an alkaline solution, the higher the pH Recall that as hydrogen ion concentration in a solution increases by a factor of 10, the pH of the solution decreases by 1 Recall that a base is any substance that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only Recall that alkalis are soluble bases Explain the general reactions of aqueous solutions of acids with metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides and metal carbonates to produce salts Describe the chemical test for hydrogen and carbon dioxide Describe a neutralisation reaction as a reaction between an acid and a base Explain an acid-alkali neutralisation as a reaction in which hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid react with hydroxide ions (OH–) from the alkali to form water Explain how a soluble salts is prepared from an acid and an insoluble reactant Explain how soluble salts are prepared from an acid and a soluble reactant Recall that electrolytes are ionic compounds in the molten state or dissolved in water Explain the movement of ions during electrolysis Explain the formation of the products in electrolysis Write half equations for reactions occurring at the anode and cathode in electrolysis Explain oxidation and reduction in terms of loss or gain of electrons The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which includes quiz competitions like “From NUMBERS 2 LETTERS” where they compete to be the 1st to get the abbreviation Oil Rig whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 1 (Characteristics and classification of living organisms) of the CIE IGCSE Biology specification, for examination in 2020 and 2021. The lesson covers the content in both the core and supplement sections of the specification and therefore can be used with students who will be taking the extended papers as well as the core papers. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: CORE Describe the characteristics of living organisms by defining the terms movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion and nutrition State that organisms can be classified into groups by the features that they share Define and describe the binomial system of naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species List the main features used to place animals and plants into the appropriate kingdoms SUPPLEMENT Explain that classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships Explain that classification is traditionally based on studies of morphology and anatomy Explain that the sequences of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins are used as a more accurate means of classification Explain that organisms which share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related) have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor List the main features used to place all organisms into one of the five kingdoms: Animal, Plant, Fungus, Prokaryote, Protoctist List the features of viruses, limited to protein coat and genetic material The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “Are you the KING of the KINGDOMS” where they have to name the kingdoms involved based on a feature whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual IGCSE exams

This is an engaging and fully-resourced revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 2 (Cells and control) of the Edexcel GCSE Biology 9-1 specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Describe mitosis as part of the cell cycle, including the stages interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and cytokinesis Describe the importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction Describe the division of a cell by mitosis as the production of two daughter cells, each with identical sets of chromosomes in the nucleus to the parent cell, and that this results in the formation of two genetically identical diploid body cells Explain the importance of cell differentiation in the development of specialised cells Discuss the potential benefits and risks associated with the use of stem cells in medicine Describe the structures and functions of the brain including the cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres and medulla oblongata Explain how the difficulties of accessing brain tissue inside the skull can be overcome by using CT scanning and PET scanning to investigate brain function Explain the structure and function of sensory receptors, sensory neurones, relay neurones in the CNS, motor neurones and synapses in the transmission of electrical impulses, including the axon, dendron, myelin sheath and the role of neurotransmitters Explain the structure and function of the eye as a sensory receptor including the role of the cornea, lens and iris Describe defects of the eye including cataracts, longsightedness and short-sightedness Explain how long-sightedness and short-sightedness can be corrected The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as "Can I have a P please BOB” where they have to recognise the different phases of mitosis from pictures or descriptions. The activities will crucially enable the students to determine which areas of topic 2 will need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams.

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, differentiated tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 1 (Key concepts in Chemistry) of the Edexcel GCSE Chemistry specification. Topic 1 is assessed in both papers 1 and 2, and therefore this lesson has been written in the detail that means it is likely to be used over the course of a number of lessons. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: ATOMIC STRUCTURE Explain why atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons Recall the meaning of the term mass number of an atom Describe atoms of a given element as having the same number of protons in the nucleus and that this number is unique to that element Describe isotopes as different atoms of the same element containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei Calculate the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms given the atomic number and mass number Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from the relative masses and abundances of its isotopes IONIC BONDING Explain how ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms Recall that an ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge Calculate the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons in simple ions given the atomic number and mass number Explain the formation of ions in ionic compounds from their atoms, limited to compounds of elements in groups 1, 2, 6 and 7 Deduce the formulae of ionic compounds (including oxides, hydroxides, halides, nitrates, carbonates and sulfates) given the formulae of the constituent ions COVALENT BONDING Explain how a covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms Explain the formation of simple molecular, covalent substances, using dot and cross diagrams TYPES OF SUBSTANCE Explain the properties of typical covalent, simple molecular compounds Recall that graphite and diamond are different forms of carbon and that they are examples of giant covalent substances Describe the structures of graphite and diamond Explain the properties of metals, including malleability and the ability to conduct electricity CALCULATIONS INVOLVING MASSES Calculate relative formula mass given relative atomic masses Calculate masses of reactants and products from balanced equations, given the mass of one substance The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which includes a quiz competition called “POLLUTE THE AIR…WITH THE ANSWER” where they have to compete to be the 1st to recognise a pollutant gas from a series of clues whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging and fully-resourced revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 8 (Exchange and transport in animals) of the Edexcel GCSE Biology 9-1 specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms including the calculation of surface area : volume ratio Explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries Describe the factors affecting the rate of diffusion, including surface area, concentration gradient and diffusion distance Explain how the structure of the blood is related to its function Explain how the structure of the blood vessels is related to their function Explain how the structure of the heart and circulatory system is related to its function, including the role of the major blood vessels, the valves Describe cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction which occurs continuously in living cells to release energy for metabolic processes, including aerobic and anaerobic respiration Compare the process of aerobic respiration with the process of anaerobic respiration Calculate heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output, using the equation cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as Where’s LENNY?” where they compete to recognise the blood vessel being described from the clues whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams.

This is an engaging and fully-resourced revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 3 (Genetics) of the Edexcel GCSE Biology 9-1 specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Explain some of the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction, including the lack of need to find a mate, a rapid reproductive cycle, but no variation in the population Explain some of the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction, including variation in the population, but the requirement to find a mate Explain the role of meiotic cell division, including the production of four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, and that this results in the formation of genetically different haploid gametes Describe the structure of DNA Describe the genome as the entire DNA of an organism and a gene as a section of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein Explain how the order of bases in a section of DNA decides the order of amino acids in the protein and that these fold to produce specifically shaped proteins such as enzymes Describe the stages of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation Describe how genetic variants in the coding DNA of a gene can affect phenotype by altering the sequence of amino acids and therefore the activity of the protein produced Explain why there are differences in the inherited characteristics as a result of alleles Explain the terms: chromosome, gene, allele, dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, gamete and zygote Explain monohybrid inheritance using genetic diagrams, Punnett squares and family pedigrees Describe how the sex of offspring is determined at fertilisation, using genetic diagrams Calculate and analyse outcomes (using probabilities, ratios and percentages) from monohybrid crosses and pedigree analysis for dominant and recessive traits Explain how sex-linked genetic disorders are inherited State that most genetic mutations have no effect on the phenotype The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “Is this SYNTHESISED correctly” where they have to recognise whether a passage on protein synthesis is 100% correct or contains errors whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams.

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 8 (Fuels and Earth Science) of the Edexcel GCSE Chemistry specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Recall that hydrocarbons are compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only Describe and explain the separation of crude oil into simpler, more useful mixtures by the process of fractional distillation Recall the names and uses of the fractions Explain how hydrocarbons in different fractions differ from each other Describe the complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels as a reaction Explain why the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons can produce carbon and carbon monoxide Explain how carbon monoxide behaves as a toxic gas Explain how impurities in some hydrocarbon fuels result in the production of sulfur dioxide Explain some problems associated with acid rain caused when sulfur dioxide dissolves in rain water Explain why, when fuels are burned in engines, oxygen and nitrogen can react together at high temperatures to produce oxides of nitrogen, which are pollutants Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen, rather than petrol, as a fuel in cars Explain how cracking involves the breaking down of larger, saturated hydrocarbon molecules (alkanes) into smaller, more useful ones, some of which are unsaturated (alkenes) The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which includes a quiz competition called “POLLUTE THE AIR…WITH THE ANSWER” where they have to compete to be the 1st to recognise a pollutant gas from a series of clues whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 7 (Rates of reaction and energy changes) of the Edexcel GCSE Chemistry specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Suggest practical methods for determining the rate of a given reaction Explain how reactions occur when particles collide and that rates of reaction are increased when the frequency and/or energy of collisions is increased Explain the effects on rates of reaction of changes in temperature, concentration, surface area to volume ratio of a solid and pressure (on reactions involving gases) in terms of frequency and/or energy of collisions between particles Describe a catalyst as a substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without altering the products of the reaction, being itself unchanged chemically and in mass at the end of the reaction Explain how the addition of a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction in terms of activation energy Describe an exothermic change or reaction as one in which heat energy is given out Describe an endothermic change or reaction as one in which heat energy is taken in Recall that the breaking of bonds is endothermic and the making of bonds is exothermic Recall that the overall heat energy change for a reaction is: a exothermic if more heat energy is released in forming bonds in the products than is required in breaking bonds in the reactants b endothermic if less heat energy is released in forming bonds in the products than is required in breaking bonds in the reactants Calculate the energy change in a reaction given the energies of bonds (in kJ mol–1) Explain the term activation energy Draw and label reaction profiles for endothermic and exothermic reactions, identifying activation energy The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which includes a quiz competition called “E NUMBERS” where they have to recognise the differences between endothermic and exothermic reactions whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 6 (Groups in the Periodic Table) of the Edexcel GCSE Chemistry specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Explain why some elements can be classified as alkali metals (group 1), halogens (group 7) or noble gases (group 0), based on their position in the periodic table Describe the pattern in reactivity of the alkali metals, lithium, sodium and potassium, with water; and use this pattern to predict the reactivity of other alkali metals Explain this pattern in reactivity in terms of electronic configurations Recall the colours and physical states of chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temperature Describe the pattern in the physical properties of the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and use this pattern to predict the physical properties of other halogens Describe the reactions of the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, with metals to form metal halides, and use this pattern to predict the reactions of other halogens Describe the relative reactivity of the halogens chlorine, bromine and iodine, as shown by their displacement reactions with halide ions in aqueous solution, and use this pattern to predict the reactions of astatine Explain the relative reactivity of the halogens in terms of electronic configurations Explain why the noble gases are chemically inert, compared with the other elements, in terms of their electronic configurations The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “Make sure you check every passage PERIODICALLY” where they have to scan summary passages about the table and decide if it is 100% correct whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 7 (Chemical reactions) of the CIE IGCSE Chemistry (0620) specification. The lesson covers the content in both the core and supplement sections of the specification and therefore can be used with students who will be taking the extended papers as well as the core papers. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: CORE Describe and explain the effect of concentration, particle size, catalysts (including enzymes) and temperature on the rate of reactions Interpret data obtained from experiments concerned with rate of reaction Understand that some chemical reactions can be reversed by changing the reaction conditions Define oxidation and reduction in terms of oxygen loss/gain. SUPPLEMENT Devise and evaluate a suitable method for investigating the effect of a given variable on the rate of a reaction Describe and explain the effects of temperature and concentration in terms of collisions between reacting particles. (An increase in temperature causes an increase in collision rate and more of the colliding molecules have sufficient energy (activation energy) to react whereas an increase in concentration only causes an increase in collision rate.) Predict the effect of changing the conditions (concentration, temperature and pressure) on other reversible reactions Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the concept of equilibrium Define redox in terms of electron transfer Define oxidising agent as a substance which oxidises another substance during a redox reaction. Define reducing agent as a substance which reduces another substance during a redox reaction. Identify oxidising agents and reducing agents from simple equations The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “FROM NUMBERS 2 LETTERS” where they have to compete to be the 1st to get an important abbreviation whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quiz tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 14 (Organic chemistry) of the CIE IGCSE Chemistry (0620) specification. The lesson covers the content in both the core and supplement sections of the specification and therefore can be used with students who will be taking the extended papers as well as the core papers. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: CORE Name and draw the structures of methane, ethane, ethene, ethanol, ethanoic acid and the products of their reactions State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in -ane, -ene, -ol, or -oic acid or a molecular structure Describe petroleum as a mixture of hydrocarbons and its separation into useful fractions by fractional distillation Describe the properties of molecules within a fraction Describe the concept of homologous series as a ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group Describe the properties of alkanes Describe the bonding in alkanes Describe the manufacture of alkenes and of hydrogen by cracking Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons: Define polymers as large molecules built up from small units (monomers) SUPPLEMENT Name and draw the structures of the unbranched alkanes, alkenes (not cis-trans), alcohols and acids containing up to four carbon atoms per molecule Name and draw the structural formulae of the esters which can be made from unbranched alcohols and carboxylic acids, each containing up to four carbon atoms Recall that the compounds in a homologous series have the same general formula Understand that different polymers have different units and/or different linkages Describe the structure of proteins The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “Are you on FORM” where they compete to be the 1st to name an organic compound from its formula whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 3 (Atoms, elements and compounds) of the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) specification. The lesson covers the content in both the core and supplement sections of the specification and therefore can be used with students who will be taking the extended papers as well as the core papers. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: CORE State the relative charges and approximate relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons Define proton number (atomic number) as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Define nucleon number (mass number) as the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Define isotopes as atoms of the same element which have the same proton number but a different nucleon number Describe the build-up of electrons in ‘shells’ and understand the significance of the noble gas electronic structures and of the outer shell electrons. Describe an alloy, such as brass, as a mixture of a metal with other elements Describe the formation of ions by electron loss or gain Describe the formation of ionic bonds between elements from Groups I and VII Describe the giant covalent structures of graphite and diamond Relate their structures to their uses, e.g. graphite as a lubricant and a conductor, and diamond in cutting tools SUPPLEMENT Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metallic and non-metallic elements Explain the differences in melting point and boiling point of ionic and covalent compounds in terms of attractive forces The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “The name’s BOND” where they compete to be the 1st to name the type of bond being described whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quiz tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 9 (The Periodic Table) of the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) specification. The lesson covers the content in both the core and supplement sections of the specification and therefore can be used with students who will be taking the extended papers as well as the core papers. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: CORE Describe the Periodic Table as a method of classifying elements and its use to predict properties of elements Describe the change from metallic to nonmetallic character across a period Describe lithium, sodium and potassium in Group I as a collection of relatively soft metals showing a trend in melting point, density and reaction with water Describe the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine in Group VII, as a collection of diatomic non-metals showing a trend in colour and density and state their reaction with other halide ions Predict the properties of other elements in Group VII, given data where appropriate Describe the transition elements as a collection of metals having high densities, high melting points and forming coloured compounds, and which, as elements and compounds, often act as catalysts Describe the noble gases, in Group VIII or 0, as being unreactive, monoatomic gases and explain this in terms of electronic structure State the uses of the noble gases in providing an inert atmosphere, i.e. argon in lamps, helium for filling balloons SUPPLEMENT Describe and explain the relationship between Group number, number of outer shell electrons and metallic/non-metallic character Identify trends in Groups, given information about the elements concerned Know that transition elements have variable oxidation states The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “Make sure you check every passage PERIODICALLY” where they have to scan summary passages about the table and decide if it is 100% correct whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quiz tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 5 (Electricity and Chemistry) of the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) specification. The lesson covers the content in both the core and supplement sections of the specification and therefore can be used with students who will be taking the extended papers as well as the core papers. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: CORE Define electrolysis as the breakdown of an ionic compound, molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of electricity Describe the electrode products and the observations made during the electrolysis of a range of electrolytes State the general principle that metals or hydrogen are formed at the negative electrode (cathode), and that non-metals (other than hydrogen) are formed at the positive electrode (anode) Predict the products of the electrolysis of a specified binary compound in the molten state Describe the reasons for the use of copper and (steel-cored) aluminium in cables, SUPPLEMENT Relate the products of electrolysis to the electrolyte and electrodes used Describe electrolysis in terms of the ions present and reactions at the electrodes in the examples given Predict the products of electrolysis of a specified halide in dilute or concentrated aqueous solution Construct ionic half-equations for reactions at the cathode Describe, in outline, the manufacture of aluminium from pure aluminium oxide in molten cryolite and chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide from concentrated aqueous sodium chloride The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “Have you got the SOLUTION” where they have to compete to be the 1st to name the products at the electrodes whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams