This lesson focuses on Leonardo da Vinci, a quintessential Renaissance polymath known for his groundbreaking work in art, science, and engineering. The lesson includes differentiated scaffolds and resources, along with keyword cards to enhance learning. Students will participate in activities such as: Quiz-Quiz-Trade Activity: Students exchange key facts about da Vinci’s life and contributions, using question cards. Video Analysis: Watching a video on da Vinci’s life, followed by a summary writing task using keywords. Timeline Activity: Organizing major events and achievements of da Vinci’s life on a timeline. Group Discussion: Exploring how various factors like social, political, and individual genius influenced da Vinci’s work. These activities aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of da Vinci’s impact on the Renaissance and beyond.

This lesson focuses on Robert the Bruce, the iconic Scottish king known for his pivotal role in the First War of Scottish Independence and his legendary victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. The lesson includes differentiated scaffolds and resources to accommodate various learning needs, along with keyword cards to enhance vocabulary and concept retention. Students will engage in a variety of activities: Quiz-Quiz-Trade Activity: Facilitates the review and consolidation of key facts about Robert the Bruce’s contributions to Scottish independence. Video Analysis: Students will watch a video on Robert the Bruce, followed by a task to summarize his achievements using keywords from the lesson. Timeline Activity: This involves organizing significant events from Robert the Bruce’s life, aiding in understanding the chronological context of his actions. Group Discussion: Explores the political, social, and economic factors of the medieval period that influenced his strategies and decisions. These activities aim to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of Robert the Bruce’s legacy and his role in shaping Scottish history.

This lesson focuses on Richard the Lionheart, the legendary King of England known for his role in the Third Crusade. The lesson includes differentiated scaffolds and resources to accommodate various learning needs, along with keyword cards to enhance vocabulary and concept retention. Students will engage in a variety of activities: Quiz-Quiz-Trade Activity: Students will exchange questions and answers about Richard’s life and the historical context of his reign, reinforcing their understanding of key facts. Video Analysis: A video segment provides a dynamic look at Richard’s military strategies and the significant battles of his crusade, followed by a summarization task. Timeline Activity: Students will organize major events of Richard’s life and reign on a timeline, aiding in their understanding of historical sequence and impact. Group Discussion: Explores the political, social, and economic factors of the medieval period that influenced Richard’s actions and decisions. These activities are designed to give students a comprehensive view of Richard the Lionheart’s influence on medieval England and his enduring legacy in history.

This lesson focuses on Henry Ford, who revolutionized the automobile industry with the introduction of the Model T and the assembly line. The lesson includes differentiated scaffolds and resources, along with keyword cards. Activities involve: Quiz-Quiz-Trade Activity: Sharing knowledge on Ford’s innovations and their societal impacts. Video Analysis: Analyzing a video to understand Ford’s manufacturing breakthroughs and writing a summary using key terms. Timeline Activity: Mapping out significant milestones in Ford’s life, highlighting the evolution of his manufacturing techniques. Group Discussion: Evaluating the economic, social, and political factors that shaped Ford’s strategies and the broader implications of his innovations. This lesson aims to provide an in-depth look at Ford’s contribution to industrial manufacturing and modern corporate practices.

This lesson focuses on Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin and the pioneer of interchangeable parts in manufacturing. The lesson includes differentiated scaffolds and resources, along with keyword cards. Activities include: Quiz-Quiz-Trade Activity: Students review and exchange information about Whitney’s inventions and their impact on American industry and society. Source Analysis: Examination of historical sources and artifacts related to Whitney’s inventions. Timeline Activity: Students will place key events from Whitney’s life and career on a timeline. Group Discussion: Discussing the broader implications of Whitney’s inventions on economic and social structures, including the intensification of slavery. These components are designed to explore Whitney’s mixed legacy within the context of American industrialisation.

Overview: Analyse the Battle of the Boyne, a decisive victory for William III over James II, which influenced the religious and political landscape of Ireland and Britain. • Activities: o Relay Activity: Accurately transfer information about the battle using icons and create detailed diagrams. o Guided Reading: Complete a reading session that includes annotating paragraphs and extracting three key facts. o Storyboard Activity: Create a storyboard for a historical documentary, detailing key moments and strategic decisions. o Recap Quiz: Test knowledge on the battle’s date, key leaders, and strategic outcomes.

Overview: Explore the disastrous retreat from Kabul in 1842, one of the worst British military defeats, where a large British and East India Company force was almost entirely annihilated by Afghan tribesmen during the First Anglo-Afghan War. • Activities: o Video Summary: Students analyse a documentary detailing the harsh winter conditions and relentless tribal attacks faced during the retreat. o Guided Reading: Dive into eyewitness accounts and military reports to understand the strategic errors and hardships. o Role Play: Reenact the decision-making process of Major-General Elphinstone and the dire circumstances of the retreat. o Group Discussion: Evaluate the long-term impacts of the retreat on British military and colonial policy in the region.

Overview: Delve into the Siege of Yorktown, the decisive battle of the American Revolutionary War where American and French forces achieved a crucial victory by capturing a large British army under General Cornwallis. • Activities: o Video Analysis: Students assess strategic maneuvers and the collaboration between American and French forces leading to the British surrender. o Guided Reading and Discussion: Explore the military strategies and pivotal moments of the siege that ensured the American victory. o Role Play: Simulate the planning and execution phases of the siege as both American and British commanders. o Group Discussion: Discuss the implications of the siege for the global balance of power and the future of the United States.

Overview: Analyse the Battle of Naseby, a key victory for the Parliamentarian New Model Army that marked a turning point in the First English Civil War against the Royalists led by King Charles I. • Activities: o Video Review: Examine battlefield tactics and the deployment of forces through battle reenactments. o Guided Reading: Study the strategic decisions of commanders Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell that led to their success. o Role Play: Students enact the roles of Parliamentarian and Royalist leaders during key phases of the battle. o Group Discussion: Evaluate the battle’s impact on the Royalist cause and the eventual outcome of the war.

• Overview: Explore the significant defeat of British forces by Zulu warriors at the Battle of Isandlwana, which marked a major event in the Anglo-Zulu War. • Activities: o Video Analysis: Students watch battle reenactments and analyse tactical decisions made by both sides. o Guided Reading: Delve into the strategic importance of the battle and the key figures involved. o Role Play: Simulate planning sessions of both British and Zulu leaders to understand their strategies. o Group Discussion: Reflect on the impact of the battle on British military tactics and Zulu resistance.

Overview: Analyse the naval battle known as the Glorious First of June, where the British sought to intercept a vital French grain convoy during the French Revolutionary Wars. • Activities: o Video Review: Study the naval strategies employed by both the British and French fleets. o Guided Reading: Explore the tactical decisions of Admiral Lord Howe and the outcomes of the battle. o Role Play: Engage in a simulation of naval command decisions during the battle. o Group Discussion: Evaluate the long-term naval and political consequences of the battle outcomes.

Overview: Study the pivotal Battle of Bannockburn, where Robert the Bruce’s Scottish forces secured independence from England. • Activities: o Relay Activity: Students work in teams to relay and recreate the battle’s events using diagrams with specific icons. o Guided Reading: Engage in a detailed guided reading activity, extracting key facts about the battle’s tactics and consequences. o Storyboard Activity: Develop a storyboard for a video game, focusing on the battle’s environment, key figures, and major conflicts. o Recap Quiz: Review key details about the battle, including leaders, tactics, and outcomes through a structured quiz.

Overview: Explore the Battle of Gettysburg, a critical turning point in the American Civil War noted for its high casualties and strategic implications. • Activities: o Relay Activity: Create accurate maps of the battle movements using specific icons in a relay format. o Guided Reading: Participate in a structured reading activity to understand the battle dynamics and key decisions. o Storyboard Activity: Develop a storyboard for a video game, focusing on accurate historical representation of the battle’s phases. o Recap Quiz: Assess knowledge on the key dates, leaders involved, and the broader impact of the battle on the Civil War.

Overview: Examine the Battle of Poitiers, a major English victory during the Hundred Years’ War, led by Edward, the Black Prince, which resulted in the capture of the French king, John II. • Activities: o Video Analysis: Review tactical deployments and the context of the conflict leading to the battle. o Guided Reading: Focus on the strategies employed by the Black Prince and the consequences for the French monarchy. o Role Play: Students take on the roles of English and French commanders, reenacting key decisions and movements. o Group Discussion: Debate the long-term effects of the battle on English-French relations and medieval European politics.

• Overview: Review the defense of Landguard Fort against a Dutch naval attack, highlighting the fort’s strategic importance during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. • Activities: o Relay Activity: Teams use icons to communicate and recreate the sequence of battle events in detail. o Guided Reading: Analyse a provided reading material to discuss the battle’s strategies and outcomes. o Storyboard Activity: Students develop a storyboard for a video game that includes the environment, key actions, and characters. o Recap Quiz: Evaluate understanding of the battle’s strategic significance and its impact on subsequent peace negotiations.

Overview: Examine the Battle of Little Bighorn, also known as Custer’s Last Stand, where Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer’s 7th Cavalry was decisively defeated by the combined forces of the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes. • Activities: o Relay Activity: Students will work in groups to relay detailed battle events using icons, aiming to create the most accurate set of maps. o Guided Reading: Engage in a guided reading session, focusing on detailed accounts of the battle, and identify three key facts while highlighting and researching unknown terms. o Storyboard Activity: Design a storyboard for a potential video game featuring the battle, considering the environment, key characters involved, and the sequence of actions. o Recap Quiz: Test knowledge of the battle’s key aspects, including dates, leaders, outcomes, and the U.S. government’s response to the defeat.

Overview: Learn about Pocahontas’s role in fostering peace between Native Americans and English settlers, and her lasting impact on American culture. • Activities: o Video Analysis: Watch videos to gather information about Pocahontas’s life and her contributions to early colonial relations. o Timeline Activity: Arrange events in Pocahontas’s life in chronological order to better understand her impact. o Deep Dive Writing: Explore the effects of Pocahontas’s actions on her people and on English settlers.

Overview: Investigate Louis Pasteur’s groundbreaking work in microbiology, including his development of vaccines and the pasteurization process. • Activities: o Video Analysis: Analyse videos detailing Pasteur’s contributions to science and their impact on public health. o Timeline Activity: Students will organize events related to Pasteur’s research and discoveries in the correct order. o Extended Writing: Examine how Pasteur’s innovations transformed medical practices and saved countless lives.

• Overview: Examine the life and achievements of Thomas Slade, the naval architect behind the HMS Victory, and explore his impact on British naval power. • Activities: o Video Analysis: Students will watch videos to understand Slade’s contributions and the historical context of his work. o Timeline Activity: Organize timeline cards to understand the chronological order of Slade’s life events and key naval advancements. o Extended Writing: Delve into the significance of HMS Victory in British naval history and discuss Slade’s design innovations.

Overview: Explore Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin and its monumental impact on the field of medicine. • Activities: o Video Review: Watch educational videos to learn about the discovery of penicillin and its implications. o Timeline Sorting: Sequence key events in the development of antibiotics following Fleming’s discovery. o Extended Writing: Discuss the significance of penicillin and other antibiotics developed following Fleming’s discovery.