These PowerPoints were planned as part of the Standard Level IB schemes of work on Biochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, and covers the necessary content for the all of the Standard Level units. It would also be suitable for other post-16 courses. It includes 12 full PowerPoints, along with student versions to use as notes, which have spaces for the students to add in missing information and activities for them to complete. It also includes exam questions for practice or assessment purposes Topics covered are: Pharmaceutical Products and Drug Design - Routes of drug administration - Theraputic Effects of Drugs - The Placebo Effect - Side Effects - Calculation of the Therapeutic Index - The Therapeutic Window - Bioavailability - Tolerance and Addiction - Drug Action - Drug Development by both Drug Design and Drug Discovery Aspirin and Penicillin - History of Aspirin - Method of Producing Aspirin - Calculating the % Yield of Aspirin produced from Salicyclic Acid - Effects of Aspirin - Soluble Aspirin - Development of Penicillin - Structure of Penicllin - How Penicillin Works - Antibiotic Resistance Opiates - Morphine: Structure and action; side effects; withdrawal - How opiates cross the blood-brain barrier - Diamorphine pH regulation of the stomach - The need for stomach acid - pH calculations to determine the concentration of acid in the stomach - Antacids: equations for their reactions with stomach acid; side effects; calculation of quantity of acid neutralised - Regulation of acid production using both H2-histamine receptor blockers (Zantac) and proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole and Esomeprazole) - Acid-base buffers: definition and calculations - Hydrogencarbonate and carbonate buffers Antivirals - The differences between viruses and bacteria - The structure of viruses - How viruses reproduce and replicate - How viruses are treated by interrupted stages of the replication process - Oseltamivir and Zanamivir - structure and action - HIV and AIDS - Treatment of HIV and AIDS Environmental impacts of Biochemistry - Effects of PACs on the environment - Antibiotic Resistance - Nuclear Waste (both LLW and HLW) - Chlorinated solvent waste - Supercritical fluid waste - Green Chemistry - Biotechnologies in Green Chemistry Introduction to Biochemistry - Metabolism - Biochemical reactions in terms of oxidation and reduction - Respiration - Photosynthesis - Hydrolysis and Condensation reactions Proteins - 2 amino acids and their behaviour as zwitterions - Gel electrophoresis - Paper chromatography - Peptides - Hydrolysis of peptides - Proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures - Acid-base properties of amino acids and proteins - Acid-base buffers - Enzymes - Induced fit theory - Non competitive and competitive inhibition - The Michaelis-Menten equation - Protein Assays Lipids - Fatty acids - Triglycerides - Calculating the iodine number - Hydrolysis of triglycerides - Rancidity of fats - Energy values of fats - Phospholipids - Steroids (including cholesterol) - Sex hormones - Anabolic steroids Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Reducing sugars - Disaccharides - Polysaccharides - Starch, glycogen and cellulose Vitamins - Preventing deficiencies - Water and fat solubilities of vitamins - Vitamin A - Vitamin C - Vitamin D - Decomposition of vitamins Environmental Impacts of Biochemistry - Xenobiotics - Metabolism of xenobiotics - DDT - PCBs - Heavy metal toxicity - Pharmaceutically active compounds and detergents - Host-guest complexes - Polymers - Green Chemistry

This unit was planned as part of the Chemistry IB Option B - Biochemistry scheme of work, and covers all the topics at SL and HL. It would also be suitable for other schemes of work. It includes 10 full PowerPoints, along with student versions to use as notes, which have spaces for the students to add in missing information and activities for them to complete. It also includes exam questions for practice or assessment purposes Topics covered are: Introduction to Biochemistry - Metabolism - Biochemical reactions in terms of oxidation and reduction - Respiration - Photosynthesis - Hydrolysis and Condensation reactions Proteins - 2 amino acids and their behaviour as zwitterions - Gel electrophoresis - Paper chromatography - Peptides - Hydrolysis of peptides - Proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures - Acid-base properties of amino acids and proteins - Acid-base buffers - Enzymes - Induced fit theory - Non competitive and competitive inhibition - The Michaelis-Menten equation - Protein Assays Lipids - Fatty acids - Triglycerides - Calculating the iodine number - Hydrolysis of triglycerides - Rancidity of fats - Energy values of fats - Phospholipids - Steroids (including cholesterol) - Sex hormones - Anabolic steroids Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Reducing sugars - Disaccharides - Polysaccharides - Starch, glycogen and cellulose Vitamins - Preventing deficiencies - Water and fat solubilities of vitamins - Vitamin A - Vitamin C - Vitamin D - Decomposition of vitamins Environmental Impacts of Biochemistry - Xenobiotics - Metabolism of xenobiotics - DDT - PCBs - Heavy metal toxicity - Pharmaceutically active compounds and detergents - Host-guest complexes - Polymers - Green Chemistry Nucleic Acids - Nucleic Acids - Nitrogeneous Bases and Nucleotides - ATP - The structure of DNA - DNA profiling - DNA replication - Transcription - Genetic Engineering Biological Pigments - Coloured compounds and biological pigments - Carotenes - Porphyrins - Haemoglobin - Factors affceting oxygen uptake in haemoglobin - Foetal haemoglobin - Cytochromes - Chlorophyll - Anthocyanins - Melanin Stereochemistry in Biomolecules - Stereoisomerism - 2-amino acids - Fischer and CORN projections - Stereochemistry in Carbohydrates - Stereochemistry cyclic forms of monosaccharides - Stereochemistry in cellulose - Stereochemistry in fatty acids - Stereochemistry in retinal and vision chemistry

These PowerPoints were planned as part of the IB schemes of work on Energy, Kinetics and Equilibria They cover the necessary content for both the Standard and Higher Level topics. They would also be suitable for other post-16 courses. Included are fully completed PowerPoints, student versions of the PowerPoints with sections to complete independently and some exam style questions. Topics covered include: - The difference between heat and temperature - Endothermic and Exothermic reactions - Stability and enthalpy changes - Standard enthalpy change of reaction (ΔHΘr) - Measuring Standard enthalpy change of combustion (ΔHΘc) including calculations - Measuring enthalpy changes in solution including calculations - Hess´Law - Standard Enthalpy Change of Formation (ΔHΘf) - Bond Enthalpies and Average Bond Enthalpies - Born Haber Cycles - Comparison of Lattice Enthalpies - Dissolving Ionic Substances - Hydration Enthalpies - Spontaneity and Disorder - Entropy - How to predict the sign of an entropy change - Entropy across period 2 - Standard Entropy Change: ΔSθ - Predicting whether a reaction will be spontaneous - Calculating ΔSθ Universe - Gibbs Free Energy - At what temperature does a reaction become feasible? - Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium - What is rate of reaction? - Methods of measuring the rate of reaction - Collision Theory - The effect of temperature, concentration, pressure, surface area and catalysts on the rate of reaction - Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves - The effect of temperature on Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves - The rate constant and rate equation - Determining the order of reaction from experimental data - Characteristics of 0, 1st and 2nd order reactions - Using reaction mechanisms to identify the rate determining step - Using the rate determining step to determine the reaction mechanism of a reaction - Mechanisms of reactions involving catalysts - The Arrenhius Equation - Determining the activation energy of a reaction via line of best fit and equation methods - Effect of activation energy on the rate of reaction - Effect of a catalyst on the Arrenhius equation - The difference between reversible reactions and equilibria - Dynamic equilibrium and the characteristic of the equilibrium state - Physical equlibria - What is meant by the term ´position of equilibrium´ - Le Chatelier´s Principle - Effect of temperature on the position of equilibrium - Effect of pressure on the position of equilibrium - Effect of concentration on the position of equilibrium - Effect of a catalyst on the position of equilibrium - The General Equilibrium Law - Calculating the equilibrium constant - The reaction quotient - Effect of changing reaction conditions on Kc - Calculating the equilibrium constant from the number of moles of reaction components - Calculating the concentrations of reaction components from the equilibrium constant - Explaining the effect of changes in concentration on Kc - Explaining the effect of changes in pressure on Kc - The relationship between equilibrium and Gibbs Free Energy - Calculating Kp

Resources covering the iGCSE topics of Experimental Techniques Fundamental ideas Air and Water Metals and Metal Extraction Acids, Bases and Salts Organic Chemistry Moles