This lesson explains the principles of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PowerPoint has been designed to cover point 6.1.3 (d) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification A quick quiz competition is used to introduce the PCR abbreviation before students are encouraged to discuss the possible identity of the enzyme involved and to recall the action of this enzyme. Students will learn that this reaction involves cyclical heating and cooling to a range of temperatures so the next part of this lesson focuses on each temperature and specifically the reasons behind the choice. Time is taken to examine the key points in detail, such as why Taq polymerase has to be used as it is not denatured at the high temperature as well as the involvement of the primers. This process is closely linked to other techniques like electrophoresis which is covered in a later lesson and ties are continuously made throughout the lesson This process is mentioned in other uploaded lessons in this module such as electrophoresis and genetic engineering to allow students to understand how it is critical for DNA analysis

This is a fully-resourced lesson that is written for GCSE students and focuses on the calculations associated with the numerous equations that electrical power is found in. The lesson includes a fast-paced lesson presentation and a series of questions on a worksheet which has been differentiated two ways. Over the course of the lesson, the students will meet the different equations which include the factor of electrical power. Their whole range of mathematical skills will be tested, including rearranging the formula, conversion between units and simplifying two equations into one. The understanding of each of these skills and equations is checked through a range of tasks, each of which has a displayed mark scheme and explanation at the end so that students can self-assess their understanding. Students are encouraged to discuss and come up with insightful questions and answers.

This is a fully-resourced lesson that has been written for GCSE students and focuses on the meaning of the term, potential difference, and guides students through using this factor in calculations. A range of student-led tasks will challenge the students to recognise how a voltmeter needs to be set up to measure the potential difference and then gets them to use the readings to calculate other factors. Their mathematical skills will be tested throughout and students will be asked to analyse their answers and study a series circuit to learn the key rule about potential difference in these types of circuits. Progress checks have been written into the lesson at regular intervals so students are constantly assessing their understanding.

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick differentiated tasks and quiz competitions to allow students to assess their knowledge of the topic of cells and related topics as covered in the GCSE Biology and GCSE Combined Science courses. As cells are the building blocks of living organisms, a strong understanding of this topic is critical for the success of a student on these two courses. The following topics are covered in this revision lesson: The key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells The structure of a bacterial cell Specialised cells The individual functions of the organelles Calculating size Students will be engaged through the range of activities which includes quiz competitions such as “CELL, CELL, CELL” where students have to compete to identify specialised cells from descriptions. This lesson can be used at any time during the year as a revision material, in the lead up to mocks or as a final revision lesson before the GCSE terminal exams.

This is an engaging revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 3 (Atoms, elements and compounds) of the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) specification. The lesson covers the content in both the core and supplement sections of the specification and therefore can be used with students who will be taking the extended papers as well as the core papers. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: CORE State the relative charges and approximate relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons Define proton number (atomic number) as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Define nucleon number (mass number) as the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Define isotopes as atoms of the same element which have the same proton number but a different nucleon number Describe the build-up of electrons in ‘shells’ and understand the significance of the noble gas electronic structures and of the outer shell electrons. Describe an alloy, such as brass, as a mixture of a metal with other elements Describe the formation of ions by electron loss or gain Describe the formation of ionic bonds between elements from Groups I and VII Describe the giant covalent structures of graphite and diamond Relate their structures to their uses, e.g. graphite as a lubricant and a conductor, and diamond in cutting tools SUPPLEMENT Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metallic and non-metallic elements Explain the differences in melting point and boiling point of ionic and covalent compounds in terms of attractive forces The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “The name’s BOND” where they compete to be the 1st to name the type of bond being described whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging and fully-resourced revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quiz tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 1 (Key concepts in Biology) of the Edexcel GCSE Biology 9-1 specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Explain how the sub-cellular structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are related to their functions Describe how specialised cells are adapted to their function Know that changes in microscope technology, including electron microscopy, have enabled us to see cell structures and organelles with more clarity and detail than in the past Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between quantitative units in relation to cells Explain how substances are transported into and out of cells, including by diffusion, osmosis and active transport Core Practical: Investigate osmosis in potatoes Calculate percentage gain and loss of mass in osmosis The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “CELL, CELL, CELL” where they have to compete to quickly identify specialised cells from their descriptions whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams.

This is a detailed and engaging REVISION lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 3 (Waves) of the Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Physics 9-1 specification (4PH1) for first assessment in June 2019. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Use the following units: degree (°), hertz (Hz), metre (m), metre/second (m/s) and second (s) Explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves Know the definitions of amplitude, frequency, wavelength and period of a wave Know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave Use the relationship between frequency and time period Explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted Know that light is part of a continuous electromagnetic spectrum that includes radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray radiations and that all these waves travel at the same speed in free space Know the order of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency, including the colours of the visible spectrum Explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations Draw ray diagrams to illustrate refraction Know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction Describe the role of total internal reflection in transmitting information along optical fibres and in prisms Explain the meaning of critical angle c Know and use the relationship between critical angle and refractive index Know that sound waves are longitudinal waves which can be reflected and refracted Know that the frequency range for human hearing is 20–20 000 Hz Understand how the loudness of a sound relates to the amplitude of vibration of the source The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “Should you WAVE goodbye” where they have to decide whether a passage about a sub-topic of waves is completely correct whilst all the time evaluating and assessing which areas of this topic will need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual International GCSE exams

This is an engaging REVISION lesson which is fully-resourced and uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 2 (Electricity) of the Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Physics 9-1 specification (4PH1) for first teaching in 2017 and first assessment in June 2019. The specification points that are covered and challenged in this revision lesson include: Use the following units: ampere (A), coulomb ©, joule (J), ohm (Ω), second (s), volt (V) and watt (W) understand how the use of fuses protects the device or user in a range of domestic appliances Know and use the relationship between power, current and voltage Know the difference between mains electricity being alternating current (a.c.) and direct current (d.c.) being supplied by a cell or battery Understand how the current in a series circuit depends on the applied voltage and the number and nature of other components Know and use the relationship between voltage, current and resistance Know that current is the rate of flow of charge Know that electric current in solid metallic conductors is a flow of negatively charged electrons Know that the voltage across two components connected in parallel is the same Calculate the currents, voltages and resistances of two resistive components connected in a series circuit Explain how positive and negative electrostatic charges are produced on materials by the loss and gain of electrons Know that there are forces of attraction between unlike charges and forces of repulsion between like charges The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “COMPLETE ME” where they have to compete to be the 1st to recognise an electrical key term to complete a passage whilst all the time evaluating and assessing which areas of this topic will need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual International GCSE exams