Learning Objectives ✤ State the composition of clean, dry air ✤ Explain the changes in the Earth that led to oceans forming. ✤ Relate the Earths early atmosphere with that of Mars or Venus today. ✤ Explain the changes in the Earths atmosphere today.

A collection of resources to help with teaching AQA C1.7 Changes in the Earth and its atmosphere. Includes card sorts ready made in small and large - print these on coloured card and laminate for the best effect. Includes mini test for a starter to judge prior knowledge, or used as a summative activity at the end of the lesson. Includes C1.7.1 The Earth's crust C1.7.2 The Earth's Atmosphere

Main 1: Show pupils how to draw the structure of the Earth. Pupils produce a version in their books. Main 2: Question pupils about the states of the layers and how they know this. AFL: 4 Mark Question: Describe the Earth’s layers explain with examples how they're properties are based on their state. With a WAGOLL (examples of medium and higher answers are in the ppt). Homework: Possibly ask pupils to produce a 3d model of their diagram.

Learning Objectives State that volcanoes occur at tectonic plate boundaries. Explain why do people live near volcanoes? Contrast volcanoes predictability with those of earthquakes. Settler: What are volcanoes? Pictures and video Starter: Pupils draw and label main parts of a volcano. Demonstration: Candlewax volcano Search for this on youtube or RSC website. Practical: Main 1: Where do volcanoes occur? Main 2: AFL: Practice questions in ppt Homework Homework: IN PAIRS Produce a model of a volcano. You can use your imagination, with whatever materials you have to hand. If you want your volcano to react there are lots of videos to show you how. If you are stuck for ideas you can use the if Doha had a volcano model template on the website.

Learning Objectives Learn who Alfred Wegener was and state the theory of continental drift. Describe the crust as broken into pieces called tectonic plates. Explain that convection currents within the Earth’s mantle driven by heat released by natural radioactive processes because the plates to move at relative speeds of a few centimeters per year. Evaluate the evidence for continental drift and explain why it was not accepted at the time. Settler: Think pair share – Were all scientists successful? Introduce students to the storys of Mendeleevs early life, Alfred Wegeners life and/or Nikolai Tesla. Starter: Demonstration: Plate tectonic demonstration with biscuits and syrup – see video Practical: Main 1: Alfred Wegener Song https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1-cES1Ekto Explain tectonic plates and continental drift Alfred Wegener SciShow Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbU809Cyrao Main 2: Pupils answer What is the Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift. And what evidence did he have for it? (4) Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift was not accepted by the scientists at the time. Why? (2) AFL: Homework Produce a fake social media page for Alfred Wegener, what sort of things would he be posting about? Some people have already had a go, what would you post about if you were him?

Learning Objectives State that earthquakes are most frequent at tectonic plate boundaries. Explain what causes earthquakes suddenly. Explain why people might not evacuate overtime there is an earthquake warning. Settler: Think pair share Are all earthquakes the same? Which Earthquakes are more dangerous? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pwlMHpeOto Do they occur everywhere? Starter: Demonstration: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFB-qpiKccs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOCxNVDiOnE Practical: Main 1: Why might Earthquakes be difficult to predict? Why are the effects of the Earthquake on people who live there? If earthquakes are so destructive why don’t people evacuate everyone there is a mild tremor? Main 2: AFL: Homework What is your own experience with earthquakes? Has someone in your family experienced a earthquake? Write a diary entry for the day when the earthquake happened (fact or fiction), include any warning you had about the earthquake if you had them and what your response was, wether you thought the earthquake was dangerous and what happened afterwards. Ever wondered why some old buildings survive earthquakes and some don't - turns out the secret is retrofitting.

Learning Objectives Investigate how speed of cooling affects the crystal size of minerals. Link the properties of igneous rocks with where they cooled. Use particle diagrams to explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive Settler: Revision of intrusive and extrusive from previous lesson. Starter: Pupil write their own hypothesis for the practical – discuss what makes a good hypothesis. Fter pupils have done theirs they can asses themselves based on the WAGOLL in the ppt. Demonstration: Practical:/ Main 1: Pupils carry out the salol/lead iodide or stearic acid cooling practical. Main 2: Pupils write an analysis for this experiment, using the mark scheme. Pupils can then peer assess using the markscheme and the WAGOLL. AFL: Ask pupils at the end how giants causeway was made and importantly where? Photographs in ppt.

Learning Objectives To describe the three types of weathering, Biological, physical and chemical. To be able to give examples of all three types of weathering. To link the weathering process to the landscape. Use particle diagrams to explain weathering Settler: Starter: Demonstration/Main 1: Draw diagrams to represent the three types of weathering on the board if you are not confident use the textbook. Pupils need to be able to use particle diagrams - in this case particle means rock pieces of any size. Practical: Show the frozen rock breaking demo as an example of freeze thaw. Main 2: Link to the landscapes of Qatar, erratics etc. AFL: Show photos of different types of weathering and ask pupils to identify them

Learning Objectives ✤ Describe briefly the uses if limestone and how it is quarried. ✤ Consider and evaluate the environmental, social and economic effects of exploiting limestone and producing building materials from it. ✤ Evaluate the developments in using limestone, cement and concrete as building materials, and their advantages and disadvantages over other materials. Settler: Starter: Demonstration: Practical: Main 1: Limestone cycle folder Main 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehBKETtRImk How does cement work? AFL: Homework Take a look at this article: Worlds largest Open pit Mines (Quarrys) To add extra wow factor I found them on google maps for you: • The biggest iron mine • The deepest mine • The deadliest mine Your task after this lesson will be to prepare yourself for a debate on Quarrying - Is it good or bad? The best pupils will research both sides, and this article will give you great perspective. For example Hibbing Minnesota would not exist at all without the local mine as it provides all the jobs and income for the area. There are lots of positive and negative arguments in the text of the article. You may also want to research easier to read websites such as BBC Bitesize.

Learning Objectives Be able to describe the rock cycle as continuous process that takes place over millions of years. Relate the rock cycle as a type of recycling Revise the whole rock cycle

Learning Objectives Be able to name some sedimentary rocks Explain the processes of weathering, transportation, deposition, sedimentation, cementation Use particle diagrams to explain cementation. Settler: Starter: Demonstration: Demonstration of sedimentary rock sandwich and metamorphic toastie You can do the transportation pipe demo but it isn't very good. Practical: Main 1: Main 2: EITHER: Pupils descibe the sandwich model and explain how it is different. We could compare each others answers to see wether we have learned this OR: Pupils undertake construction company exercise 15 minutes and 5 minutes of discussion at the end. Need to address issues with the vocabulary, many misconceptions come from geography. about weathering and erosion. AFL: Homework Metamorphic rocks worksheet

Learning Objectives Be able to name some metamorphic rocks Be able to describe how metamorphic rocks are formed Settler: Starter: Test knowledge from previous lesson. Demonstration: Practical: Main 1: See lesson sheet Main 2: AFL: Splat in lesson sheet Homework

Learning Objectives Be able to name some igneous rocks Be able to describe how igneous rocks are formed? Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. Settler: Starter: Show pupils some igneous rocks, stress which ones they should be able to name later as examples. From the pictures pupils should identify some trends eg crystals and colour. The images can be printed and laminated to do this exercise independently. Demonstration: Practical/ Main 1: Pupils carry out analysis of the igneous rock samples, using naked eye, magnifying glasses/camera phones, porosity test and acid test. Main 2: Pupils to learn the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks using ppt. AFL: Questions from page 91 SPLAT Homework Read the geology.com article about igneous rocks and how they are formed.