Total cost (TC), average total cost (ATC), fixed cost (FC), variable cost (VC), average fixed cost (AFC), average variable cost (AVC). Calculation of TC, ATC, FC, VC, AFC and AVC. Definition, drawing and interpretation of diagrams that show how changes in output affect costs of production. Total revenue (TR) and average revenue (AR). Note: marginal revenue is not required. Calculation of TR and AR. The influence of sales on revenue. Survival, social welfare, profit maximisation and growth. *Unit 3 review Note: marginal cost (MC) not required. Questions with suggested solutions

PPT covering content of Unit 8.3: 8.3 Labour market forces and government intervention 8.3.1 demand for labour as a derived demand 8.3.2 factors affecting demand for labour in a firm or an occupation 8.3.3 causes of shifts in and movement along the demand curve for labour in a firm or an occupation 8.3.4 marginal revenue product (MRP) theory: • definition and calculation of marginal revenue product • derivation of an individual firm’s demand for labour using marginal revenue product 8.3.5 factors affecting the supply of labour to a firm or to an occupation: • wage and non-wage factors 8.3.6 causes of shifts in and movement along the supply curve of labour to a firm or an occupation 8.3.7 wage determination in perfect markets: • equilibrium wage rate and employment in a labour market 8.3.8 wage determination in imperfect markets: • influence of trade unions on wage determination and employment in a labour market • influence of government on wage determination and employment in a labour market using a national minimum wage • influence of monopsony employers on wage determination and employment in a labour market 8.3.9 determination of wage differentials by labour market forces 8.3.10 transfer earnings and economic rent: • definition of transfer earnings • definition of economic rent • factors affecting transfer earnings and economic rent in an occupation Plus video links to key topics

7.7 Growth and survival of firms 7.7.1 reasons for different sizes of firms 7.7.2 internal growth of firms: organic growth and diversification 7.7.3 external growth of firms – integration (mergers and takeovers): • methods of integration: – horizontal – vertical (forwards and backwards) – conglomerate • reasons for integration • consequences of integration 7.7.4 cartels: • conditions for an effective cartel • consequences of a cartel 7.7.5 principal–agent problem arising from differing objectives of shareholders/owners and managers 7.8 Differing objectives and policies of firms 7.8.1 traditional profit-maximising objective of firms 7.8.2 an understanding of other objectives of firms: • survival • profit satisficing • sales maximisation • revenue maximisation 7.8.3 price discrimination – first, second and third degree: • conditions for effective price discrimination • consequences of price discrimination 7.8.4 other pricing policies: • limit pricing • predatory pricing • price leadership 7.8.5 relationship between price elasticity of demand and a firm’s revenue: • in a normal downward sloping demand curve • in a kinked demand curve video links to key topics

PPT covering Unit 7.5: 7.5 Types of cost, revenue and profit, short-run and long-run production 7.5.1 short-run production function: • fixed and variable factors of production • definition and calculation of total product, average product and marginal product • law of diminishing returns (law of variable proportions) 7.5.2 short-run cost function: • definition and calculation of fixed costs (FC) and variable costs (VC) • definition and calculation of total, average and marginal costs (TC, AC, MC), including average total cost (ATC), total and average fixed costs (TFC, AFC) and total and average variable costs (TVC, AVC) • explanation of shape of short-run average cost and marginal cost curves 7.5.3 long-run production function: • no fixed factors of production • returns to scale 7.5.4 long-run cost function: • explanation of shape of long-run average cost curve • concept of minimum efficient scale 7.5.5 relationship between economies of scale and decreasing average costs 7.5.6 internal and external economies of scale 7.5.7 internal and external diseconomies of scale 7.5.8 definition and calculation of revenue: total, average and marginal revenue (TR, AR, MR) 7.5.9 definition of normal, subnormal and supernormal profit 7.5.10 calculation of supernormal and subnormal profit video links to key topics

PPT covering Unit 7.3 7.3 Efficiency and market failure 7.3.1 definitions of productive efficiency and allocative efficiency 7.3.2 conditions for productive efficiency and allocative efficiency 7.3.3 Pareto optimality 7.3.4 definition of dynamic efficiency 7.3.5 definition of market failure 7.3.6 reasons for market failure

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included supply, the firm, competitive market, factors of production

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included the foreign exchange market, labour market, unemployment, money market etc

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included static analysis & comparative static analysis

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included excess demand, excess supply, market equilibrium etc

I have broken the CIE Econs A2 past paper questions into seven categories for easy access - Efficiency, Market structure, Marginal utility, Labour Market, Circular flow of income, Economic development and Government policies. This is taken from the years 2017 - March 2020

A2 Macroeconomics. Topic -** Modeling the economy**. Aids lesson planning with topic related prompts enabling class discussion throughout. PPT - learning objectives, key terms, spec inserts, diagrams, videos and so forth. Exercises taken from Economics - Peter smith

A2 Macroeconomics. Topic -** Policies to promote development**. Aids lesson planning with topic related prompts enabling class discussion throughout. PPT - learning objectives, key terms, spec inserts, diagrams, videos and so forth. Exercises taken from Economics - Peter smith

A2 Macroeconomics. Topic -** Designing macroeconomic policy**. Aids lesson planning with topic related prompts enabling class discussion throughout. PPT - learning objectives, key terms, spec inserts, diagrams, videos and so forth. Exercises taken from Economics - Peter smith

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included normal goods, inferior goods, complements, substitutes, Giffen goods, Veblen goods

PPT aligned to the CIE syllabus. Summative and formative assessments provided with suggested solutions. Topics covered included demand & supply, ceteris paribus, income effect, substitution effect, conspicuous demand etc

PowerPoint providing prompts to further learning. Cash flow work sheet.

Details the constituents of an income statement and balance sheet. Cash statements are not covered. 7 ratios. Worksheet allows for practice with solution.

PPT 1- A2 Econs CIE (to be used with any syllabus) - exercises refered to are from Economics - Peter Smith Objectives provided for syllabus covered. Key words detailed. Relevant diagrams. Syllabus prompts