My products and teaching styles are quirky and creative with an emphasis on Multiple Learning Styles and diversity. I create educational clip art, visuals, creative study guides and projects.
My products and teaching styles are quirky and creative with an emphasis on Multiple Learning Styles and diversity. I create educational clip art, visuals, creative study guides and projects.
This is much more than an art lesson unit! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
Lessons 1-10 lead up to Lesson 11, where students put it all together in “Make a Comic”. All of the lessons(included in the above bundle) are listed here, and can be used independently.
All documents are pdfs.
Each Lesson Includes (at minimum):
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout
1 General Classwork Assignment
1 Advanced Classwork Assignment
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet
Lessons Include:
Introduction to Comics
Composition
Faces
Emotions
Panels
Backgrounds
Panel Variety
Using Text
Characters
Style and Symbols
put it all together and…MAKE A COMIC PROJECT!
Bundle also provides 30 Blank Comic Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
Honor Teachers with cards, pictures to decorate bags, and a variety of visuals! OR make an exciting comic cover and comic pages with guided prompts! Perfect for the Superhero TEACHER, EDUCATOR, or COACH!
With all the seasons, holidays, awareness themes, and special school days, a teacher sure has a lot to plan!Let Illumismart make it EASIER for YOU (and your students!) with this Teacher Appreciation/End of Year activity kit.
Check out more Comics in Classrooms for 4th-9th grade!
<a href=“https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/30-comic-book-and-comic-strip-templates-graphic-novels-visual-notes-11913713”>Comics in Classrooms Lessons 1-11 BUNDLE</a>
<a href=“https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/30-comic-book-and-comic-strip-templates-graphic-novels-visual-notes-11913713”>30 Blank Comic Templates</a>
<a href=“https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/comics-in-classrooms-lesson-making-comics-class-project-11913645”>Lesson 11- Making Comics (Class Project)</a>
…and more to come!
! This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach about comics AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson introduces students to the world of comics through handouts and assignments. Use before comic projects or graphic novel reading units! Includes Anatomy of a Comic Strip handout and Comic Vocabulary list! Bonus: Graphic Novel notes!All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Anatomy of a Comic Strip)
1 Handout (Comic Vocabulary)
Assignment Pages 1 and 2-Introducing Comics
Comics Survey (for Class)
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Choose a Comic)
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
These comic templates are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
Note: Psst… All Comics in Classrooms Lessons 2-11 come WITH this set! (Including the Bundle!)
Pages Include-
Rough Draft page for Single Panel Comic. Includes guidelines for composition, narration, dialogue space, and drawing space. Asks students to define the area of academic study and what they are illustrating. (Book, original story, history, science process, math concept etc.)
Second Draft page for Single Panel Comic. Includes panel outline only. Asks students to define the area of academic study and what they are illustrating (book, original story, history, science process, math concept etc.)
(Final drafts work best on stronger paper with size and quality determined by teacher.)
Rough Draft page for Comic Strip (horizontal 4 Panels). Includes guidelines for composition, narration, dialogue space, and drawing space. Asks students to define the area of academic study and what they are illustrating. (Book, original story, history, science process, math concept etc.)
Second Draft page for Comic Strip. Includes panel outline only. Asks students to define the area of academic study and what they are illustrating (book, original story, history, science process, math concept etc.)
(Final drafts work best on stronger paper with size and quality determined by teacher.)
Rough Draft page for Comic Cover (Vertical). Includes guidelines for composition, directions, tips, and boxes.
Second Draft page for Comic Strip. Includes cover outline only.
(Final drafts work best on stronger paper with size and quality determined by teacher.)
Templates for Comic Pages (vertical page with multiple panels). These are considered advanced and are better suited to students who have already completed a comic strip or demonstrated mastery of the subject matter.
“Quick” Versions of Single Panel, Comic Strip, Comic Page, and Comic Cover.
These simple blanks are intended for teachers who want to make a quick comic assignment for classwork or homework. This is good for a single-use assignment that does not require additional drafts and is not part of a big project.
Check our the BUNDLE: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/comics-in-classrooms-full-bundle-lessons-1-11-3-weeks-of-lessons-11914325
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on drawing cartoon character faces. Uses guidelines and tips for any styles and art levels!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Composition)
Assignment-Composition
Advanced Assignment- Composition Continued
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Composition)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on drawing cartoon character faces. Uses guidelines and tips for any styles and art levels!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Faces)
Assignment-Drawing Face
Advanced Assignment- Advanced Face Drawing
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Finding Faces)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on drawing expressive characters and how to show emotion and feelings in a drawing’s face. Improve all types of styles and art levels!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Feelings)
Assignment-Drawing Emotions
Advanced Assignment- Extended Emotions
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Find a Feeling)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on creating better backgrounds and immersing a character in a visually interesting environment. Improve all types of styles and art levels!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Panels)
Assignment-Panels
Advanced Assignment- Panels (extended)
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Panels with Purpose)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on creating better backgrounds and immersing a character in a visually interesting environment. Improve all types of styles and art levels!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Better Backgrounds)
Assignment- Believable Backgrounds
Advanced Assignment- Mood
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Panels with Purpose)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on using a variety of panels and considering POV. Combine the comic lesson with ANY academic subject! This lesson expands upon Lesson 5 (Basic Panels) and introduces more challenging and creative ways to use them.
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Panel POV examples)
Assignment- Panel Predicament
Advanced Assignment- Panel Pandemonium
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Panels with Purpose)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on using text successfully in comics. Includes discussion of onomatopoeia, narration, word balloons, and Combine the comic lesson with ANY academic subject!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Using Text Examples)
Assignment- Test the Text
Advanced Assignment- Onomatopoeia
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Find a Font)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on creating characters and combining a well written character with interesting visuals. Combine the comic lesson with ANY academic subject!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Characters)
Character Sheet Page 1
Character Sheet Page 2
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Characters)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
This lesson focuses on drawing styles and using symbols. Combine the comic lesson with ANY academic subject!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
1 Handout (Style Guide)
1 General Classwork Assignment (Style)
1 General Classwork Assignment (Symbols)
2 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook
1 Homework Sheet (Select a Symbol)
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This is much more than an art lesson! These comic handouts and assignments are specifically and strategically designed to teach comic creation AND work with ACADEMIC projects in classrooms. Have students “show what they know” in SCHOOL with COMICS!
Lessons 1-10 lead up to THIS Lesson 11, where students put it all together in “Make a Comic”. Combine the comic lesson with ANY academic subject!
All documents are pdfs.
This Lesson Includes:
1 Tips for Teachers Overview
Lesson Directions
2 Comic Review Pages
4 Lesson-Specific Pages from the Comics in Classrooms Guidebook (Drafts, Peer Conferences, Inking, and Comic Covers)
Comic Project Outline
Comic Project Checklist
Feedback Form (Checklist)
Peer Conference Checklist
Alternate Comic Proposal
My Comic Portfolio Cover Sheet
This lesson also includes 30 Blank Comic Templates
Includes Rough Drafts/Second Drafts for
-Comic Strips
-Single Panels
-Graphic Novel Pages
-Storyboard
-Cover
Includes “Quick” Versions for your own assignments and projects (apply to any academic!
Includes 5 different Visual Note-taking Templates
Great for alternate projects, classroom comic projects, or as an arts unit. Use this popular and effective medium of to illustrate classroom novels and literature, bring history to life, discuss science and math concepts, educate about awareness, and MORE. While most resources use an artist perspective, Illumismart’s guides and assignments were designed for any academic purposes. NO DRAWING BACKGROUND required for students OR teachers! Lessons focus more on ideas and concepts rather than art skills. The handouts and assignments were created in a way to improve and entertain students of ALL drawing levels from beginners to advanced. While they work best in order, lessons and Focus Areas can work well as individual assignments. All assignments were designed to lead up to the Original Comic Strip final assignment.
This product (Comics in Classrooms-Lesson 11 Making Comics) may be used for personal, educational, and non-commercial use. This bundle/images contained is for private/classroom use only. Please consider purchasing Illumismart Clip-Art for your products.
Individuals may not remove images from the guide or sell/resell/distribute the images/documents individually or in bundled packets. This visual may not be distributed on any site, for profit or non-profit use. Images may not be lifted from the document and used as clip-art or in any other projects or products.
By teacher request! This 14 piece clip-art set includes 7 images of diverse teen characters (high school age) interacting. 7 BW and 7 color. Images are about 2" by 7", 300 png with transparent background. Great for product and project covers!
Each image is hand drawn (individually)! There are no recolors. Each child is a different character, inspired by real students.
Featured Themes:
Two Classmates 1
Two Classmates 2
Girls Group (3)
Boys Group (3)
Mixed Group (3)
Standing Group
Students Talking
By request! Grow with CommUNITY character "Jada" as she discovers a love of a science, graduates, and becomes a professional doctor/scientist. Features one character growing through the years and education experience. This 22 piece clip-art set includes 11 stages (various ages) of one character. 11 BW and 11 Color. Images are about 3" by 7", 300 png (some shorter or taller with transparent background.
Each image is hand drawn (individually)! There are no recolors. Each illustration is a different character, inspired by realpeople. Characters are named for organization purpose only and names/relationships may be changed.
Featured Themes (Includes BW and Color Version) Same Character
Baby
Toddler
Kindergarten
First Grade
Upper Elementary
Middle School
High School (Chemistry)
Graduate
College (Chemistry)
Professional
College Professor
This great set features the 5 kings from the Ancient Empires clip-art series! Images are about 300 dpi png and sizes are about 4" by 5". Features kings from Aztec, Inca, Maya, and Mesopotamia Empires. Great for social studies projects, products, and presentations!
Featured Images:
Atahualpa (Inca)
MontezumaII (Aztec)
Pakal (Maya)
Nebuchadnezzar II (Mesopotamia)
Hammurabi (Mesopotamia)
This 14 piece clip-art set includes 7 teenage characters (high school age). 7 BW and 7 color. Images are about 2" by 7", 300 png with transparent background. Characters are presenting using technology for studying. Great for product and project covers!
Each image is hand drawn (individually)! There are no recolors. Each child is a different character, inspired by real students.
Featured Characters:
Ana (cell phone)
Karima (cell phone)
Micah (E-reader)
Amber (desktop computer)
Jade (music player/mp3 player/i-pod)
Evan (laptop)
Jeff (tablet)
This 12 piece clip-art set includes 6 teenage characters (high school age). 6 BW and 6 color. Images are about 2" by 7", 300 png with transparent background. Characters are presenting projects/speaking in front of the class. Blank posters can be filled in with any project or subject! Great for product and project covers!
Each image is hand drawn (individually)! There are no recolors. Each child is a different character, inspired by real students.
Featured Characters:
Karen (holding blank poster)
Juan (holding blank poster)
Eric (presenting to class with index cards)
Trish (presenting to class)
Mae (torso/holding blank poster)
Manny (torso/holding blank poster)