Evidence for evolution lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability (trilogy/combined) class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides, worksheet and an interactive quiz. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.3.4 Relevant chapter: B14 Genetics and evolution. AQA Biology trilogy edition textbook-Page 190-191 Students are required to know the following; Students should be able to describe the evidence for evolution including fossils and antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The theory of evolution by natural selection is now widely accepted. Evidence for Darwin’s theory is now available as it has been shown that characteristics are passed on to offspring in genes. There is further evidence in the fossil record and the knowledge of how resistance to antibiotics evolves in bacteria.

Complete lesson on Muscles , suitable for a mixed ability KS3 class. Suitable to use as part of the ‘Activate’ schemes of work. Resources can be adjusted to meet the needs of your class. Enjoy for FREE For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com Also available via instagram: Paperfriendlyresourcesuk

NB: This is a BIOLOGY (SEPARATES) ONLY lesson Preventing bacterial growth in the lab lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, differentiated questions, answers and homework have also been included within the slides. This resource is NOT suitable for combined science students. AQA spec link: 4.1.1.6 Relevant chapter: B5-Communicable diseases . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 80-81. 1.1.6 Bacteria multiply by simple cell division (binary fission) as often as once every 20 minutes if they have enough nutrients and a suitable temperature. Students should be able to calculate cross-sectional areas of colonies or clear areas around colonies using r². Students should be able to calculate the number of bacteria in a population after a certain time if given the mean division time. Students should be able to express the answer in standard form.

Cloning lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: questions, slide timers, slide animations, interactive answers on slides, worksheet and a plenary. *This lesson includes a practical which is not required. * NB: This lesson is for SEPARATE science ONLY AQA spec link: 4.6.2.5 Relevant chapter: B14 Variation and evolution. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 226-227. Students are required to know the following; Tissue culture: using small groups of cells from part of a plant to grow identical new plants. This is important for preserving rare plant species or commercially in nurseries. Cuttings: an older, but simple, method used by gardeners to produce many identical new plants from a parent plant. Embryo transplants: splitting apart cells from a developing animal embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers. WS 1.3, 1.4 Explain the potential benefits and risks of cloning in agriculture and in medicine and that some people have ethical objections. There are links with this content to Advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction (biology only) and Selective breeding.

Making monoclonal antibodies lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability SEPARATE (trilogy) class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides. NB: This resource is for separate science only AQA spec link: 4.3.2.1 Relevant chapter: B6 Preventing and treating diseases. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 106-107 Specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe how monoclonal antibodies are produced. Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single clone of cells. The antibodies are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen and so are able to target a specific chemical or specific cells in the body. They are produced by stimulating mouse lymphocytes to make a particular antibody. The lymphocytes are combined with a particular kind of tumour cell to make a cell called a hybridoma cell. The hybridoma cell can both divide and make the antibody. Single hybridoma cells are cloned to produce many identical cells that all produce the same antibody. A large amount of the antibody can be collected and purified.

Uses of monoclonal antibodies lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability SEPARATE (trilogy) class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos,questions with answers on slides and homework, with mark scheme. NB: This resource is for separate science only AQA spec link: 4.3.2.2 Relevant chapter: B6 Preventing and treating diseases. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 107-109 Specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe some of the ways in which monoclonal antibodies can be used. •To treat some diseases: for cancer the monoclonal antibody can be bound to a radioactive substance, a toxic drug or a chemical which stops cells growing and dividing. It delivers the substance to the cancer cells without harming other cells in the body. Students are not expected to recall any specific tests or treatments but given appropriate information they should be able to explain how they work. Monoclonal antibodies create more side effects than expected. They are not yet as widely used as everyone hoped when they were first developed.

The best of both worlds lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded timers, practice questions with answers on slides, quiz and 6 mark past paper question with ms. This topic is synoptic and relates to other sections where more detail is given. AQA spec link: 6.1.3 Relevant chapter: B13 Genetics and reproduction. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 200-201. Specification requires students to know the following; Some organisms reproduce by both methods depending on the circumstances. • Malarial parasites reproduce asexually in the human host, but sexually in the mosquito. • Many fungi reproduce asexually by spores but also reproduce sexually to give variation. • Many plants produce seeds sexually, but also reproduce asexually by runners such as strawberry plants, or bulb division such as daffodils. Knowledge of reproduction in organisms is restricted to those mentioned, but students are expected to be able to explain the advantages and disadvantages for any organism if given appropriate information.

Cancer lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes powerpoint timers, slide animations, video, worksheet and mini review. AQA spec link: 4.2.2.7 Relevant chapter: B7 Non-communicable diseases. AQA Biology combined textbook-Page 102-103 Specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe cancer as the result of changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division. Benign tumours are growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane. They do not invade other parts of the body. Malignant tumour cells are cancers. They invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours. Scientists have identified lifestyle risk factors for various types of cancer. There are also genetic risk factors for some cancers.

New systems of classification lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides, worksheet and an interactive quiz. NB: If you are unable to play videos a URL link can be found in the slide notes. AQA spec link: 4.6.4 Relevant chapter: B14 Genetics and evolution. AQA combined trilogy edition textbook-Page 200-201 Students are required to know the following; As evidence of internal structures became more developed due to improvements in microscopes, and the understanding of biochemical processes progressed, new models of classification were proposed. Due to evidence available from chemical analysis there is now a ‘threedomain system’ developed by Carl Woese. In this system organisms are divided into: •archaea (primitive bacteria usually living in extreme environments) •bacteria (true bacteria) •eukaryota (which includes protists, fungi, plants and animals). WS 1.1 Understand how scientific methods and theories develop over time. Evolutionary trees are a method used by scientists to show how they believe organisms are related. They use current classification data for living organisms and fossil data for extinct organisms.

NB: This is a BIOLOGY (SEPARATES) ONLY lesson More about plant diseases lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, differentiated questions, answers have also been included within the slides. This resource is NOT suitable for combined science students. AQA spec link: 4.3.3.1 Relevant chapter: B5-Communicable diseases . AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 92-93. Plant diseases can be detected by: • stunted growth • spots on leaves • areas of decay (rot) • growths • malformed stems or leaves • discolouration • the presence of pests. Identification can be made by: • reference to a gardening manual • taking infected plants to a laboratory to identify the pathogen • using testing kits that contain monoclonal antibodies. Plants can be infected by a range of viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens as well as by insects. Knowledge of plant diseases is restricted to tobacco mosaic virus as a viral disease, black spot as a fungal disease, and aphids as insects. Plants can be damaged by a range of ion deficiency conditions: • stunted growth caused by nitrate deficiency • chlorosis caused by magnesium deficiency. Knowledge of ions is limited to nitrate ions needed for protein synthesis and therefore growth and magnesium ions needed to make chlorophyll.

ATP & Glycolysis lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Biology 7402 Specification (2017) . Topic: 5- Energy transfers in and between organisms. Designed for highly able A-level class. *NB: There is enough material for a double lesson * Includes: questions, embedded videos, slide timers, slide animations, interactive answers on slides, worksheet and a plenary. AQA Specification reference: 3.5.2 Kreb cycle and Oxidative phoshorylation has NOT been included in this lesson although an overview of these processes has been provided.

Anaerobic respiration lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Biology 7402 Specification (2017) . Topic: 5- Energy transfers in and between organisms. Designed for highly able A-level class. Includes: questions, worksheet, embedded videos, slide timers, slide animations, interactive answers on slides, worksheet and a plenary. AQA Specification reference: 3.5.2 For general enquiries email: Paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com

DNA and the genome lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a TRILOGY class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides as well as a quiz. AQA spec link: 6.1.4 Relevant chapter: B13 Genetics and reproduction. AQA trilogy textbook-Page 166-167. Specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe the structure of DNA and define genome. The genetic material in the nucleus of a cell is composed of a chemical called DNA. DNA is a polymer made up of two strands forming a double helix. The DNA is contained in structures called chromosomes. A gene is a small section of DNA on a chromosome. Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein. The genome of an organism is the entire genetic material of that organism. The whole human genome has now been studied and this will have great importance for medicine in the future. Students should be able to discuss the importance of understanding the human genome. This is limited to the: • search for genes linked to different types of disease • understanding and treatment of inherited disorders • use in tracing human migration patterns from the past

Vaccination lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher tier class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides. AQA spec link: 4.3.1.7 Relevant chapter: B6 Preventing and treating disease. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 98-99 Specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to explain how vaccination will prevent illness in an individual, and how the spread of pathogens can be reduced by immunising a large proportion of the population. Vaccination involves introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies. If the same pathogen re-enters the body the white blood cells respond quickly to produce the correct antibodies, preventing infection. Students do not need to know details of vaccination schedules and side effects associated with specific vaccines.

More about genetics lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability TRILOGY class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides as well as a quiz. Lots of interactive punnet squares to get the whole class involved. AQA spec link: 6.1.8 Relevant chapter: B13 Genetics and reproduction. AQA trilogy textbook-Page 170-171.

Inherited disorders lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: embedded videos and timers, slide animations, practice questions with answers on slides and an interactive quiz. Included a set of past paper questions, with level 1-3 demand questions, this is an excellent way of reviewing the lesson and differentiating within the classroom. Mark scheme has also been attached separately. AQA spec link: 6.1.7 Relevant chapter: B13 Genetics and reproduction. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 212-213. Students are required to know the following; Some disorders are inherited. These disorders are caused by the inheritance of certain alleles. • Polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) is caused by a dominant allele. • Cystic fibrosis (a disorder of cell membranes) is caused by a recessive allele. Students should make informed judgements about the economic, social and ethical issues concerning embryo screening, given appropriate information. WS 1.3 Appreciate that embryo screening and gene therapy may alleviate suffering but consider the ethical issues which arise

Vaccination created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides as well as a quiz. AQA spec link: 3.1.7 Relevant chapter: B6 Preventing and treating diseases. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 98-99 Specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to explain how vaccination will prevent illness in an individual, and how the spread of pathogens can be reduced by immunising a large proportion of the population. Vaccination involves introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies. If the same pathogen re-enters the body the white blood cells respond quickly to produce the correct antibodies, preventing infection. Students do not need to know details of vaccination schedules and side effects associated with specific vaccines. WS 1.4 Evaluate the global use of vaccination in the prevention of disease

Discovering drugs lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a higher ability class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides. EDITED-PPT has been edited noticed a few spelling mistakes! Included a crossword also. AQA spec link: 3.1.9 Relevant chapter: B6 Preventing and treating diseases. AQA Biology third edition textbook-Page 102-103 Specification requires students to know the following; Students should be able to describe the process of discovery and development of potential new medicines, including preclinical and clinical testing. Traditionally drugs were extracted from plants and microorganisms. • The heart drug digitalis originates from foxgloves. • The painkiller aspirin originates from willow. • Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming from the Penicillium mould. Most new drugs are synthesised by chemists in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the starting point may still be a chemical extracted from a plant.

Types of waves (Transverse and longitudinal) lesson created in accordance to the Pearsons BTEC national specification for applied science. This is the third lesson in the physics C1 working with waves topic. The new specification requires students to sit an externally assessed examination in January. Includes slide animations, embedded video, practice questions on worksheet with answers on slides. NB: Practical opportunity-Demonstrating transverse and longitudinal waves using slinkies. I've also included a verbal AfL sheet which you can use whilst students are conducting the practical, it includes the correct answers. Relevant chapter: Principles and applications of science. Pearson Applied science (Student 1) textbook-Page 60-61 The following areas have been covered from the specification in this lesson. C1 Working with waves Understand the features common to all waves and use the following terms as applied to waves: Understand the difference between the two main types of wave: transverse Longitudinal