A series of nine homework projects suitable for KS4 students covering Biology, Chemistry and Physics topics. - Genetics - Hydroponics - Extracting Copper - Oil - Analysing Substances - Nanoparticles and Smart Materials - Waves and Communication - Energy and Payback Time - Forces and Momentum

These 16 PowerPoints were planned as part of the IB scheme of work on Acids and Bases, Redox Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, and cover the necessary content for both the Standard and Higher Level topics. They would also be suitable for other post-16 courses. Included are fully completed PowerPoints, student versions of the PowerPoints with sections to complete independently and some exam style questions. Topics included are: - What are acids and bases? - Bronsted Lowry acids and bases (and conjugate acids and bases) - Amphiprotic and amphoteric substances - Lewis acids and bases - Reactions of acids with metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates, bases and alkalis - Making salts - What is pH and how to calculate the pH of both acids and bases - Using the dissociation constant of water to calculate pH - Acid deposition - how it occurs and how it can be treated - Calculations involving Ka, pKa, Kb, pKb, pH and pOH - Using the relationships Kw = Ka x Kb and pKa + pKb = pKw - Titration curves for titrations involving any combination of strong and weak acids and bases - Indicators - how to select a suitable indicator for a titration - How to calculate the pH of salt solutions - Buffers - what are they, how are they made and how do they work (including calculations) Reduction and Oxidation Oxidation states and how to determine them Naming compounds using oxidation states Oxidising and reducing agents Half equations in molten substances Half equations in acidic solutions The activity series Redox titrations Winkler method to determine biochemical oxygen demand Voltaic Cells Electrolytic Cells Cell potentials The standard hydrogen electrode Ecell and spontaneity Working out cell potentials Polarity and direction of electron flow The electrochemical series Electrolysis of aqueous solutions The effect of the nature of electrodes on the products Electroplating Electrolysis of water Quantitative electrolysis - Different kinds of formula e.g. molecular, empirical - Alkanes - Alkenes - Compounds involving a benzene ring - Homologous Series - IUPAC nomenclature - Naming halogenoalkanes - Naming alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids - Esters - Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, halogenoalkanes and amines - Structural Isomerism - Functional Group Isomerism - Benzene and Aromatic Compounds - Combustion of alkanes - Reaction of alkanes with halogens - Reactions of alkenes - Addition polymerisation - Oxidation of alcohols - Nucleophilic Substitution mechanisms of primary, tertiary and secondary halogenoalkanes - Factors affecting the rate of nucleophilic substitution - Electrophilic Addition mechanisms - Markovnikov´s Rule - Electrophilic subtitution mechanisms - Reduction Reactions - Reaction pathways and synthetic routes - Cis-trans isomerism - Conformational isomerism - Optical isomerism - Optical Isomers and Plane-polarised light - Racemic mixtures - Diastereoisomers

10 homework projects on key stage 3 and 4 Chemistry, linked to the Exploring Science and iGCSE schemes of work. All homework projects are fully differentiated, with level ladders provided to maximise pupil progress 7E - Acids and Alkalis 7F - Chemical reactions 7H - Solutions 8E - Classifying Elements 9E - Metals and their reactions 9G - Environmental Chemistry Extracting Copper Oil Nanoparticles and Smart Materials Analysing Substances

These schemes of work were planned as part of the iGCSE course, but could be used for other courses. They include PowerPoints, activities, experiments, homework and formative assessment resources. The topics covered are: - Elements, compounds and mixtures - Atomic Structure - Isotopes - Ionic and Covalent Bonding - Conservation of Mass and Balancing Equations - Giant Ionic structures - Giant Covalent structures - Simple Covalent structures - Metallic structures - Testing for Ions

These PowerPoints were planned as part of the IB schemes of work on Atomic Structure and Periodicity (including transition metal chemistry and coloured complexes) and cover the necessary content for both the Standard and Higher Level topics. They would also be suitable for other post-16 courses. Included are fully completed PowerPoints, student versions of the PowerPoints with sections to complete independently and some exam style questions. Topics included are: - The structure of the atom - The development of the theory of atomic structure from Dalton-present day - Isotopes and their properties - Calculating the R.A.M. of an isotope - Calculating the % abundance of two isotopes, given the R.A.M. - Radioisotopes and their uses - The mass spectrometer: what it is used for, how it works, why it works and how to read mass spectra - How to calculate the energy of a photon of light - Atomic Emission Spectra - How to write full electronic configurations for elements up to the 4p orbital - How to write full electronic configurations for ions of the elements up to the 4p orbital - The convergence limit of energy in energy levels and how this links to First Ionisation Energy - Trends in First Ionisation Energy and how this provided evidence for the presence of orbitals - The development of the Periodic Table - The structure and arrangement of the Periodic Table - How metallic/non-metallic properties change as you go left to right across the periodic table - How atomic radius of elements changes across periods and down groups, and why this occurs - How ionic radius of ions changes across periods and down groups, and why this occurs - How first ionisation energies of elements changes across periods and down groups, and why this occurs - How electron affinity of elements changes across periods and down groups, and why this occurs - How electronegativity of elements changes across periods and down groups, and why this occurs - Properties and reactions of the Group I metals - Properties and reactions of the Group XVII non-metals - The acid-base character and reactions of the period 2 and 3 oxides - Electronic structures of the Transition Metals - Electronic structures of Transition Metal ions - The definition of a Transition Metal - Properties of Transition Metals - Variable oxidation states and the trend in First Ionisation Energies - Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism - Complex Ions - Transition Metals as catalysts - How colour occurs in compounds - Ligand Field Theory - Which Transition Metals are coloured and which are colourless and why - Factors which affect colour - including identity of the metal, charge on the metal and identity of the ligand

These PowerPoints were planned as part of the IB schemes of work on Atomic Structure, Periodicity (including transition metal chemistry and coloured complexes) and Structure and Bonding. They cover the necessary content for both the Standard and Higher Level topics. They would also be suitable for other post-16 courses. Included are fully completed PowerPoints, student versions of the PowerPoints with sections to complete independently and some exam style questions.

These 9 PowerPoints were planned as part of the IB schemes of work on Biochemistry, and covers the necessary content for the all of the Standard and Higher Level units. It would also be suitable for other post-16 courses. It includes 9 full PowerPoints, along with student versions to use as notes, which have spaces for the students to add in missing information and activities for them to complete. It also includes exam questions for practice or assessment purposes Topics covered are: Introduction to Biochemistry - Metabolism - Biochemical reactions in terms of oxidation and reduction - Respiration - Photosynthesis - Hydrolysis and Condensation reactions Proteins - 2 amino acids and their behaviour as zwitterions - Gel electrophoresis - Paper chromatography - Peptides - Hydrolysis of peptides - Proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures - Acid-base properties of amino acids and proteins - Acid-base buffers - Enzymes - Induced fit theory - Non competitive and competitive inhibition - The Michaelis-Menten equation - Protein Assays Lipids - Fatty acids - Triglycerides - Calculating the iodine number - Hydrolysis of triglycerides - Rancidity of fats - Energy values of fats - Phospholipids - Steroids (including cholesterol) - Sex hormones - Anabolic steroids Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides - Reducing sugars - Disaccharides - Polysaccharides - Starch, glycogen and cellulose Vitamins - Preventing deficiencies - Water and fat solubilities of vitamins - Vitamin A - Vitamin C - Vitamin D - Decomposition of vitamins Environmental Impacts of Biochemistry - Xenobiotics - Metabolism of xenobiotics - DDT - PCBs - Heavy metal toxicity - Pharmaceutically active compounds and detergents - Host-guest complexes - Polymers - Green Chemistry Proteins - 2 amino acids and their behaviour as zwitterions - Gel electrophoresis - Paper chromatography - Peptides - Hydrolysis of peptides - Proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures - Acid-base properties of amino acids and proteins - Acid-base buffers - Enzymes - Induced fit theory - Non competitive and competitive inhibition - The Michaelis-Menten equation - Protein Assays Nucleic Acids - Nucleic Acids - Nitrogeneous Bases and Nucleotides - ATP - The structure of DNA - DNA profiling - DNA replication - Transcription - Genetic Engineering Biological Pigments - Coloured compounds and biological pigments - Carotenes - Porphyrins - Haemoglobin - Factors affceting oxygen uptake in haemoglobin - Foetal haemoglobin - Cytochromes - Chlorophyll - Anthocyanins - Melanin Stereochemistry in Biomolecules - Stereoisomerism - 2-amino acids - Fischer and CORN projections - Stereochemistry in Carbohydrates - Stereochemistry cyclic forms of monosaccharides - Stereochemistry in cellulose - Stereochemistry in fatty acids - Stereochemistry in retinal and vision chemistry