A brief history of the history of childhood, or how children were valued, from the 1800s to now, explains the concept of rights and human rights, looks at why the Declaration in 1924 and the Convention in 1989 was made and the impact of them. The last lesson brings Children’s Rights to date with new articles that have been ratified by the United Nations on children’s digital rights and covers security and good practice online. These lessons ask how did a message of hope for children come out of war, disease and famine? What can we learn from this? Can we do something similar after the COVID-19 pandemic? What do children think they and we (as adults, communities, schools, families etc) should do to create a happier future for them? The activities at the end of the lesson can be used to lead into an art project in which students make their raised arm and hand a sunbeam and write on it their hopes for the future. These can be put together collectively as a class. The project is based on the principles of the Recovery Curriculum, which stresses mental wellness, and is designed to give students their own agency. It aims to help children develop their voice and express themselves through words and art. It is for Upper Key Stage 2 (years 5/6) but could be adapted for Key Stage 3 Year 7/8. Lessons: One – Protecting Children Two – Saving Children Three – Declaring Children’s Rights Four – Children’s Rights in a Digital World Five – Declaring Your Rights (Art / Writing Activity) Curriculum Links: • History – Great People, Topic after 1066 – World War One and aftermath • Citizenship / British Values – Children’s Rights, Tolerance, International Relations • Art and Design – understanding symbols, imagery in art, new techniques • Literacy and Writing – understanding and writing demands, using and writing poetry • ICT – Understanding the possibilities of collaboration and awareness of safety online. • RSE – Mental wellbeing, understanding range of emotions and managing relationships / activities online. Learning Outcomes: • An understanding of Eglantyne Jebb, Dorothy Buxton, their work and their shared childhood • An understanding of how ideas around protecting and valuing children have changed. • The ability to discuss the concept of rights and consider how a concept is put into practice. • To listen to each other respectfully, express feelings and to share ideas. • Understanding and being able to recognise rights for children. • To understand the image and use of Sunbeams – what it means visually in art, nature etc.

These videos of short audio clips and images of related suffrage materials from the Women’s Library focus on the role of the Pankhursts, The Women’s Social and Political Union and increased militancy from 1912-14. They are particularly suitable for A Level Edexcel History: Protest, agitation and parliamentary reform in Britain, c. 1780 – 1928, topic 3.6 The Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903-14. They can also be used for the Votes for Women topic in Key Stage 3 History and the development of the political system of government in Key Stage 3 Citizenship. They could be used for the Equality and Rights module in GCSE History AQA & OCR. They could be used with younger students but please be aware of the description of violence and force feeding in some of the films. All these educational resources are open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any non-commercial medium, provided the original work is properly cited

These notes and lesson presentations /plans are informed by the London School of Economics and Political Science Library exhibition on the Welfare State in 2018 that marked the 75th anniversary of the Beveridge Report. In December 1942 the government released a report authored by Sir William Beveridge in which he wrote “A revolutionary moment in the world's history is a time for revolutions, not for patching”. His report laid the foundations for Britain’s post war welfare state while the world was still at war. The exhibition took the Beveridge Report as its starting point but looked at how welfare provision has been shaped and changed through the ages. Images and textual evidence are mainly taken from the heritage collections in the London School of Politics and Economics (LSE). Links or image information are provided when different archival sources are used. This is an open access resource under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any non-commercial medium, provided the original work is properly cited. These notes and powerpoint presentations, including slides that can be turned into class worksheets or activities, are written to support key stage 3 History. They follow topics in the National Curriculum section: Challenges for Britain, Europe and the wider world 1901 to the present day They can be taught together for an in-depth topic around social reform and the ‘Creation of the Welfare State’. Or taught separately to cover (A) social reform in the 1900s, (B) the Great Depression and the impact on Britain, and (C) the creation of the Welfare State.