Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.22C - Know that most metals are extracted from ores found in the Earth’s crust and that unreactive metals are often found as the uncombined element. Specification Point 2.23C - Explain how the method of extraction of a metal is related to its position in the reactivity series, illustrated by carbon extraction for iron and electrolysis for aluminium. Specification Point 2.24C - Be able to comment on a metal extraction process, given appropriate information. Specification Point 2.25C - Explain the uses of aluminium, copper, iron and steel in terms of their properties. Specification Point 2.26C - Know that an alloy is a mixture of a metal and one or more elements, usually other metals or carbon. Specification Point 2.27C - Explain why alloys are harder than pure metals. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lessons are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.34 - Know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water. Specification Point 2.35 - Understand acids and bases in terms of proton transfer. Specification Point 2.36 - Understand that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor. Specification Point 2.37 - Describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid with metals, bases and metal carbonates to form salts. Specification Point 2.38 - Know that metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases, and that alkalis are bases that are soluble in water. Specification Point 2.39 - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble reactant. Specification Point 2.42 - Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper (II) sulphate crystals starting from copper (II) oxide. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 7 - Atoms and Molecules. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 1.14 - Know what is meant by the terms atom and molecule. Specification Point 1.15 - Know the structure of an atom in terms of the positions, relative masses and relative charges of subatomic particles. Specification Point 1.16 - Know what is meant by the terms atomic number, mass number, isotopes and relative atomic mass (Ar). Complete set of Chapter 2 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.40C - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an acid and alkali. Specification Point 2.41C - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt, starting from 2 soluble reactants. Specification Point 2.43C - Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry lead (II) sulphate. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lessons are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.5C - Draw and explain energy level diagrams to represent exothermic and endothermic reactions. Specification Point 3.6C - Know that bond-breaking is an endothermic process and that bond-making is an exothermic process. Specification Point 3.7C - Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change during a chemical reaction. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 27 - Bond Energies. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 3.5C - Draw and explain energy level diagrams to represent exothermic and endothermic reactions. Specification Point 3.6C - Know that bond-breaking is an endothermic process and that bond-making is an exothermic process. Specification Point 3.7C - Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change during a chemical reaction. Complete set of Chapter 6 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.29C - Know that alcohols contain the functional group −OH. Specification Point 4.30C - Understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol and name each compound. Specification Point 4.31C - Know that how ethanol can be oxidised. Specification Point 4.32C - Know how ethanol can be manufactured. Specification Point 4.33C - Understand the reasons for fermentation, in the absence of air, and at an optimum temperature. Specification Point 4.34C - Know that carboxylic acids contain the functional group -COOH. Specification Point 4.35C - Understand how to draw structural and displayed formulae for unbranched-chain carboxylic acids with up to four carbon atoms in the molecule, and name each compound. Specification Point 4.36C - Describe the reactions of aqueous solutions of carboxylic acids with metals and metal carbonates. Specification Point 4.37C - Know that vinegar is an aqueous solution containing ethanoic acid. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 34 - Alkanes and Alkenes. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 4.19 - Know the general formula for alkanes. Specification Point 4.20 - Explain why alkanes are classified as saturated hydrocarbons. Specification Point 4.21 - Understand how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkanes with up to five carbon atoms in the molecule, and to name the unbranched-chain isomers. Specification Point 4.22 - Describe the reactions of alkanes with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet radiation, limited to mono-substitution. Specification Point 4.23 - Know that alkenes contain a particular functional group (C=C). Specification Point 4.24 - Know the general formula for alkenes. Specification Point 4.25 - Explain why alkenes are classified as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Specification Point 4.26 - Understand how to draw the structural and displayed formulae for alkenes with up to four carbon atoms in the molecule, and name the unbranched-chain isomers. Specification Point 4.27 -Describe the reactions of alkenes with bromine to produce dibromoalkanes. Specification Point 4.28 - Describe how bromine water can be used to distinguish between an alkane and an alkene. Complete set of Chapter 7 Worksheets are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.3.3 - Gender. Cognitive explanations of gender development, Kohlberg’s theory, gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy; gender schema theory. Complete set of Chapter 10 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.7.4 - Populations in ecosystems. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.7.4 - Populations in ecosystems. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.4 - Understand how the results of experiments involving the dilution of coloured solutions and diffusion of gases can be explained. Specification Point 1.5 - Know what is meant by the terms: solvent, solute, solution and saturated solution. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.15 - Understand the processes of diffusion, osmosis and active transport by which substances move into and out of cells. Specification Point 2.16 - Understand how factors affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells, including the effects of surface area to volume ratio, distance, temperature and concentration gradient. Specification Point 2.17 - Practical: Investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.48 - Explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries. Specification Point 2.49 - Understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease. Specification Point 2.50 - Practical: Investigate breathing in humans, including the release of carbon dioxide and the effect of exercise. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.72B - Understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation. Specification Point 2.73B - Describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Specification Point 2.74B - Describe the structure of a nephron, including the Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henle and collecting duct. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.5 - Understand how abiotic and biotic factors affect the population size and distribution of organism. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.35B - Understand how a change in DNA can affect the phenotype by altering the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Specification Point 3.36B - Understand how most genetic mutations have no effect on the phenotype, some have a small effect and rarely do they have a significant effect. Specification Point 3.37B - Understand that the incidence of mutations can be increased by exposure to ionising radiation (for example, gamma rays, x-rays and ultraviolet rays) and some chemical mutagens (for example, chemicals in tobacco). Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Biology (4BI0) Chapter 7 - Use of Biological Resources. Contains colour coded specification points with handmade vector graphics. Six presentations included: 57 - Crop Production 58 - Microorganisms for Food 59 - Fish Farming 60 - Selective Breeding 61 - Genetic Modification 62 - Cloning