MODEL ANSWER Applying material from item A and your own knowledge. Evaluate the claim that factors outside the school are the main cause of some ethnic minority’s underachievement. (30 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Outline and explain two reasons for girls achievement (10)

MODEL ANSWERS Questions: Using the data in Extract D (Figure 3), calculate the mean female labour force participation rate for the five countries listed. Give your answer to one decimal place. (2 marks) Explain how the data in Extract D (Figure 4) show that the degree of inequality between the pay of male and female workers is falling. (4 marks) Using the data in Extract D, calculate, to two decimal places, the percentage of world CO2 emissions generated by the UK. (2 marks) Explain how the data in Extract D show that the USA needs to reduce pollution more than other countries. (4 marks) Using the data in Extract D (Figure 3), calculate how much the median care worker earns for every pound earned by the median worker in the whole economy. Give your answer to the nearest penny. (2 marks) Explain how the data in Extract D (Figure 4) show that there is likely to be substantial upward pressure on the wages of care workers by 2041. (4 marks)

MODEL ANSWER For a long time, supermarkets and other commercial firms have understood the benefits of behavioural economic concepts such as choice architecture and framing. The public sector has been slow off the mark, but at last governments are now taking advantage of the opportunities provided by nudging. Explain how rules of thumb and irrationality can affect consumers’ demand for goods and services (15 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Applying material from Item C and you own knowledge of research methods, evaluate the strengths and limitations of using interviews to investigate labelling (20)

MODEL ANSWER Assess the strengths and limitations of using unstructured overt observation when investigating gender and classroom behaviour (20)

MODEL ANSWER Outline and explain two effects of globalization on religion (10)

MODEL ANSWER Outline and explain two problems in measuring religious belief and practice (10)

MODEL ANSWER Outline and explain two perspectives that support the religion is a conservative force (10 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Outline and explain two functions of religion, according to functionalist sociologists (10 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Outline and explain two reasons why sects appeal to marginalized groups. (10 marks)

MODEL ANSWERS Define the Myth of Meritocracy (2 marks) Outline three ways in which the correspondence principle operates within school (6marks) Explain what is meant by the term ‘vocational education’ (2 marks) Suggest three ways in which the education system contributes to the economy (6 marks) Suggest three criticisms of vocational educational and training (6 marks) Define the term ‘self fulfilling prophecy’ (2 marks) Define the term material deprivation’ (2 marks) Define the term ‘cultural deprivation’ (2 marks) Outline three ways in which social class affects educational achievement (6 marks) Outline three ways in which Sewell explains the ethnic differences in achievement (6 marks) Outline three criticisms of the cultural deprivation theory. (6 marks) Explain what is meant by the term ‘school ethos’ (2) Explain what is meant by the hidden curriculum (2) Explain what is meant by the term ‘self-fulfilling prophecy’ (2)

MODEL ANSWER Outline and explain TWO reasons for gender differences in educational achievement (10 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Explain how the absence of property rights can worsen the environmental market failures of both pollution and the rapid depletion of natural resources (9)

MODEL ANSWER Explain how a monopsonistic public sector can lead to low pay for social care work (9 marks)

MODEL ANSWER Assess policies that might be used to improve the provision of social care in the UK (25 marks)

MODEL ANSWER 7. Extract E (lines 22–23) states that ‘The tendency for women to participate in low-productivity sectors is now a bigger factor in their low pay than discrimination’. With the help of a diagram, explain how the difference between the marginal revenue product of male and female workers might account for the lower average earnings of women. (9 marks)