This is a FREE resource! This Handout is entitled “UK General Election Results since 1945” and provides a comprehensive overview of the election outcomes in the United Kingdom from 1945 onwards. It includes detailed data for each election year, such as the percentage of votes and the number of seats won by the major political parties (Conservative, Labour, and Liberals, etc.), as well as other parties. Additionally, it mentions the total number of seats, voter turnout percentages, and the subsequent Prime Ministers and Leaders of the Opposition following each election e.g. in the 1945 election, the Labour Party won 48.3% of the vote and secured 393 seats, while the Conservative Party received 39.8% of the vote and won 213 seats. The document continues in this manner, providing similar data for each subsequent election year up to the most recent one included. It then has 30 true/false questions which can be used with your classes. Answers are provided so teachers can use the resource straight after downloading. An invaluable aid to anyone teaching Politics or Citizenship or for anyone who simply wants an exercise to use for data-analysis etc.

A 6-page student analysis of the character of Estragon from Samuel Beckett’s play, “Waiting for Godot”. The Handout would be invaluable to A Level English students or anyone studying this fascinating play. At the end of the Handout there are discussion points/questions which can be used with your class, together with suggested pointers as to how to address them. The discussion highlights: Physical and Mental State: Estragon is depicted as physically uncomfortable and mentally distressed, symbolised by his struggles with his boots and his forgetfulness, reflecting human frailty and existential burdens. Relationship with Vladimir: The interdependent relationship between Estragon and Vladimir highlights the need for companionship and mutual support in the face of life’s uncertainties. Themes of Waiting and Time: Estragon’s character embodies the themes of waiting and the cyclical nature of time, mirroring the existential struggle for meaning in an indifferent universe. Existential Struggle: Estragon’s frequent expressions of doubt and hopelessness, along with moments of resilience and humor, underscore his existential crisis and the absurdity of life. Symbolism and Imagery: Estragon’s boots and his reactions to carrots serve as metaphors for his discomfort and fluctuating outlook on life, illustrating the interplay between the mundane and the existential. Role of Memory: Estragon’s fragmented memory and reliance on Vladimir to recall past events highlight the play’s exploration of the fluid and unreliable nature of human consciousness. Philosophical Underpinnings: Estragon’s character reflects existentialist and absurdist themes, illustrating the search for meaning in a seemingly meaningless world.

A 14-slide introduction to the play, “Waiting for Godot” which includes an examination of the main themes and characters as well as discussion points or questions at the end. This presentation includes Speaker’s Notes This presentation is suitable for A Level students of the play. The presentation explores the human condition through themes of boredom, isolation, and despair, providing insight into the struggles of human existence. The play also delves into existentialist and absurdist themes, examining the meaninglessness of life, the struggle between free will and determinism, and the nature of the human experience. Key themes discussed include: Boredom: The characters experience a lack of stimulation and purpose, leading to restlessness and dissatisfaction. Isolation: Both physical and emotional isolation are explored, contributing to feelings of loneliness and despair. Despair: The play reflects the struggles and challenges of the human condition, often leading to hopelessness. The presentation also highlights the theme of waiting and hope, examining the role of waiting in the play and the moments of hope that emerge despite the overall sense of hopelessness5. The characters’ anticipation of Godot’s arrival and their prolonged waiting lead to introspection and self-discovery. In conclusion, “Waiting for Godot” is a powerful meditation on the human condition, existentialism, absurdism, and the interplay of waiting and hope but it is not always an easy play to study. This presentation will make any teacher’s task easier in studying this complex work.

FREE resource A summary table of the non-fatal offences in English Law written by an experienced examiner in Law and used with countless classes across the years. Invaluable for students and teachers at any level who are studying this vital component. If you have found this resource useful, why not take a look at my other, ever-growing collection, of law resources. All designed to save busy teachers time and effort. Why reinvent the wheel?!

A short Handout and questions on the law on Diminished Responsibility written by an experienced examiner of Law and delivered to my own students across many cohorts and students. This 7-page Handout is all that you need to teach and study Diminished Responsibility. The Handout is structured as follows: Definition and Legal Basis. Application in Trials: A defendant cannot be charged with voluntary manslaughter directly; it is a verdict the jury may reach if the defense of diminished responsibility is successfully pleaded during a murder trial. Criteria for Diminished Responsibility: To qualify for diminished responsibility, the defendant must prove an abnormality of mental functioning arising from a recognized medical condition that substantially impaired their ability to understand their conduct, form rational judgments, or exercise self-control. Impact of the Defence. Case Law Examples: Several cases illustrate the application of diminished responsibility, including BYRNE, where a sexual psychopath’s conviction was reduced to manslaughter, and LUC THIET THUAN, where a head injury did not qualify as a recognized medical condition. Substantial Impairment: The defence requires that the abnormality of mental functioning substantially impair the defendant’s abilities, such as understanding their conduct or forming rational judgments, as seen in the GITTENS case. Challenges in Application: Juries sometimes disregard the defense of diminished responsibility, as seen in the SUTCLIFFE case, where the defendant was convicted of murder despite evidence of mental abnormality. An invaluable set of notes for anyone studying this vital concept in Law.

This is a Handout on the Law of Murder, written by an experienced examiner and used over many years with my students. It is a short introduction to the topic and is an invaluable aid for AS and A Level students of the subject. It is 7-pages long and it is estimated that it would take about 60-minutes of teaching time. There are questions and exercises throughout. The Handout is structured as follows: Definition and Jurisdiction of Murder: Murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a reasonable person under the Queen’s peace with malice aforethought, and British citizens can be charged with murder committed in any country. Actus Reus Elements: The actus reus of murder includes four elements: D killed, a reasonable creature in being, under the Queen’s Peace, and the killing was unlawful. The document primarily focuses on the first element. Importance of Causation: For murder, it is crucial to prove that D’s act or omission caused the death of V, with examples like Gibbins v Proctor illustrating how omissions can fulfill actus reus. Reasonable Person in Being: The term refers to a human being, with complexities arising in cases involving a foetus or brain-dead individuals. Unlawful Killing: Killing is unlawful unless it is in self-defence, defence of another, or prevention of crime with reasonable force. Mens Rea for Murder: Murder requires specific intent, meaning the jury must be convinced of an intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm, as illustrated in cases like Vickers and Swift. Indirect or Oblique Intention: Issues arise when D’s primary aim is different from causing death or serious injury, but death results, requiring examination of indirect intention. An invaluable introduction to murder for any students of the subject!

An excellent Handout for students of AS and A Level Law which revises General Defences in English Law. The Worksheets are best used with the accompanying resource: General Defences in English Law. This 9-page Handout consists of: Defences and Burden of Proof: The document includes a table to complete, showing the defences (automatism, consent, duress, insanity, intoxication, self-defense) and the burden of proof for each. Automatism and Insanity: It discusses the differences between non-insane automatism and self-induced automatism, and the principal difference between automatism and insanity. Duress and Intoxication: The document poses true or false questions about duress and intoxication, referencing various cases such as Graham, Cole, Bowen, Abdul Hussain, and others to illustrate key legal principles. Case Scenarios: Several scenarios are given for analysis, asking which defences might be appropriate and assessing the likelihood of success for each defence. An excellent resource Worksheet for any students and teachers of Law.

Complete Handout/Worksheet on General Defences in English Law. Written by an experienced Law examiner and used many times in classes of my own, obtaining excellent results. This is a 25-page workbook which includes questions and highlighted key points and cases. There is an accompanying Worksheet of review questions in addition to this Worksheet. Here’s a summary of the document: The document provides an overview of various general defences in English law, including Automatism, Insanity, Duress, Intoxication, Consent, and Self-Defense/Prevention of Crime. Automatism: Automatism is divided into non-insane and self-induced automatism. Insanity: Insanity is governed by the M’Naghten Rules, which require proving a defect of reason caused by a disease of the mind, leading to a lack of understanding of the nature and quality of the act or its wrongfulness. Duress: Duress involves committing a crime under the threat of death or serious bodily harm. Intoxication: Intoxication can be a defense for specific intent crimes if it prevents the formation of mens rea. Consent: Consent is generally not a defense for causing actual bodily harm, except in cases of implied consent in sports or medical procedures. Self-Defense/Prevention of Crime: Self-defense allows the use of reasonable force to protect oneself, others, or property. Automatism vs. Insanity: The distinction between automatism and insanity often lies in whether the cause is external (automatism) or internal (insanity), leading to different legal outcomes. Duress by Threats vs. Duress of Circumstances: Duress by threats involves direct threats forcing D to commit a crime, while duress of circumstances involves committing a crime to avoid imminent harm. Voluntary vs. Involuntary Intoxication: Voluntary intoxication is self-induced and generally not a defense for basic intent crimes, while involuntary intoxication can be a defense if it negates mens rea. Proportionality in Self-Defence: The use of force in self-defense must be reasonable and proportional to the threat; excessive force invalidates the defence. An excellent resource for any AS or A Level Law student.

This is a teacher’s and student Handout which covers the entire topic of Involuntary Manslaughter. It is an ivaluable guide to the subject for any AS or A Level student and is also suitable for someone studying Access to Law or similar courses. It is 20 pages long with an estimated delivery time of around 4 hours. This is a summary of the document: The document provides a detailed overview of involuntary manslaughter, distinguishing between Unlawful Act Manslaughter and Gross Negligence Manslaughter, and examining various legal cases to illustrate the principles involved. Definition and Distinction: Involuntary manslaughter occurs when the defendant (D) has the actus reus for murder but lacks the necessary mens rea, meaning D did not intend to kill or cause serious harm. Types of Involuntary Manslaughter: There are two types: Unlawful Act Manslaughter and Gross Negligence Manslaughter. Unlawful Act Manslaughter: This type involves causing death while carrying out a dangerous criminal act. It must be proven that the act was unlawful, dangerous, caused the death, and that D had the mens rea for the act. Case Examples for Unlawful Act Manslaughter: Cases such as Lamb, Goodfellow, and Mitchell illustrate the principles of Unlawful Act Manslaughter, showing how the act must be unlawful and dangerous, and how causation is established. Gross Negligence Manslaughter: This type involves a breach of duty of care that causes death and is deemed ‘gross’ negligence, worthy of criminal punishment. The leading case is Adomako. Duty of Care and Breach: To establish Gross Negligence Manslaughter, it must be shown that D owed a duty of care to V, breached that duty, and that the breach caused V’s death. Key Legal Principles: Cases like Donoghue v Stevenson and Caparo v Dickman help determine the duty of care, while cases like Litchfield and Singh illustrate breaches of duty leading to liability. Gross Negligence Standard: The negligence must be so severe that it goes beyond mere compensation and shows a disregard for life, as seen in Bateman and Edwards. Scenarios and Questions: The document provides various scenarios and questions to help readers understand the application of these legal principles and determine the appropriate type of manslaughter. Summary of Legal Cases: A table summarizing the main legal principles of key cases is provided, helping to consolidate understanding of involuntary manslaughter. This Handout has been updated in light of recent cases and has been used with groups of students across many cohorts and has achieved excellent results.

A FREE resource for Politics/Citizenship teachers and students. The chart shows the results of the General Elections held in the UK since 1945 and includes the updated 2024 figures. An invaluable guide for any students of Politics, Citizenship, history or anybody interested in general election results since 1945. The wallchart was created as a simple Word document and prints over 4 sheets of landscaped A4. Enjoy!

This is a 28 slide PowerPoint presentation which gives an excellent introduction to any class about to embark on a study of “An Inspector Calls” by J. B. Priestley. It includes questions and discussion points at the end and can also be used as an aide for revision. A summary of the contents of the presentation is below: Play’s Themes: The play explores themes of social responsibility, class, gender roles, and justice. Character Roles: Main characters represent different facets of society and moral questions. Social Critique: The play critiques social structures and the failure to take responsibility for others. Relevance Today: The themes remain relevant today, prompting important conversations about societal issues. Moral Responsibility: The play emphasizes the importance of moral responsibility and the impact of individual actions. Used with many groups of students, this has proved an invaluable resource for anyone studying or teaching the play.

A Powerpoint presentation explaining the story of Halloween. Invaluable for students of all ages and incorporating a 10 question quiz at the end. Useful for Citizenship or Tutorial groups or perhaps even an Assembly. Includes speakers’ notes to accompany the slides. This is a FREE resource! An outline of the contents of the presentation: Celtic Origins: Halloween originated from the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter. Evolution: Halloween evolved from a pagan festival to a secular holiday celebrated globally with costumes, parties, and trick-or-treating. American Influence: Irish immigrants brought Halloween to the United States in the 19th century, where it evolved into the modern celebration with costumes and trick-or-treating. Traditions: Popular Halloween traditions include carving pumpkins, trick-or-treating, and dressing up in costumes, all with roots in ancient practices. Global Celebrations: Halloween is celebrated worldwide with varying traditions, such as the Day of the Dead in Mexico and the Hungry Ghost Festival in some Asian countries. Used with hundreds of students across many different years and groups; an essential guide to the story of this pagan festival! Please take a look at my other resources in English, PSHE, Business, Politics and Law.

A FREE guide for students and teachers on how to structure your coursework answers for the first part of the first assignment for BTEC Business Unit 1. This guide was successfully used with many classes over the years and students who followed it achieved great results. If you find the guide useful, why not take a look at the other ever-growing collection of resources on the website? Good luck with your teaching/studies!

This Powerpoint is an invaluable resource for the delivery of an history of the LGBT movement in the UK. The Powerpoint includes Speakers’ Notes to help teachers in the delivery of the presentation. It consists of 24 slides with a 10-question quiz at the end. Included in the presentation is an** 8-minute video extract from “Newsnight” **and some discussion points to accompany it. An outline of the content: Pre-Stonewall Era: This section examines the social and legal context in which the LGBT movement emerged in the UK before the Stonewall riots. It highlights significant social and legal discrimination against the LGBT community, the impact of the Wolfenden Report, and the role of the Homosexual Law Reform Society. The Stonewall Riots and Birth of Modern LGBT Movement: This section explores the Stonewall riots in New York in 1969, which marked a turning point in the global LGBT movement. It also discusses the founding of the Gay Liberation Front UK and its pivotal role in the emergence of a new era of activism and visibility for the LGBT community. Legislative and Social Progress towards LGBT Equality: This section examines key moments in the UK’s legislative and social progress towards equality for the LGBT community. It covers significant milestones such as the Sexual Offences Act 1967, Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1988, and the Equality Act 20103. Conclusion: The presentation concludes by summarizing the progress made in advancing LGBT rights and visibility in the UK. It emphasizes the importance of activism and advocacy in achieving these milestones and highlights the ongoing challenges faced by the LGBT community. Tried and tested with many groups across different ages, this Powerpoint will help any teacher deliver information on the LGBT movement in the UK.

This is an 18-slide PowerPoint which covers the complete Learning Aim B (the 2nd of 3 parts) which make up Unit 20 on Corporate Social Responsibility. **This is not covered by any textbooks for Business and these PowerPoints together mean that teachers will be required to do no other work. ** This is a summary of the presentation: This Powerpoint consists of 18 slides as outlined below: CSR Debate: CSR policies are controversial, with arguments for moral responsibility and against high costs conflicting with profit goals. CSR Benefits: Benefits include cause promotion, cause-related marketing, corporate philanthropy, community volunteering, and responsible business practices. CSR Drawbacks: Drawbacks include inefficient resource use, extra costs to consumers, stifled innovation, and increased bureaucracy. CSR Evolution: CSR has evolved from a moral issue in 2000 to a mainstream business strategy by 2020, with global recognition and rating organizations like Ecovadis. CSR Examples: Microsoft and Lego are examples of companies adopting CSR policies, with resources available to explore their impacts and strategies. **Please look out for PowerPoints covering Learning Aim A and Learning Aim C which together make up the whole Unit. Discounted bundle: buy all 3 PowerPoints and get a discounted rate of 33% off!** Tes paid licence

An 8-slide Powerpoint presentation which introduces students to the rituals and traditions of Bonfire Night in the UK. Invaluable as an aid to teachers delivering an assembly or perhaps an history lesson or even citizenship or a tutorial. Includes Speakers’ Notes and a 10-question quiz at the end. The Powerpoint includes: Gunpowder Plot: The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was a failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of conspirators led by Guy Fawkes. Bonfire Night: Bonfire Night is celebrated on November 5th to commemorate the failure of the Gunpowder Plot. Traditions: Key traditions include lighting bonfires, setting off fireworks, and burning effigies of Guy Fawkes. Food and Drink: Traditional foods and drinks include toffee apples, roasted chestnuts, and mulled wine. Taught to many groups of students across a range of years. An invaluable guide to Bonfire Night in the UK!

A Powerpoint presentation on Black History Month which will be invaluable in helping students through a Tutorial or Citizenship class on the topic. Includes Speakers’ Notes. The Powerpoint consists of 30 slides: Origins: Black History Month was conceived by Carter G. Woodson in 1926 to recognize African American accomplishments. Significance: Black History Month honors the contributions and achievements of black people and deepens understanding of their struggles and triumphs. Cultural Impact: The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement celebrating black culture and identity, centered in Harlem, New York. Civil Rights: The Civil Rights Movement, led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr., fought for equal rights and an end to segregation and discrimination. Notable Figures: Prominent figures include Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks, who played crucial roles in the fight for civil rights. It ends with a quiz which can be used with students to review the material or act as a prompt for further debate or discussion. An invaluable aid for anyone teaching this vital programme.

A Worksheet consisting of 25 differentiated questions to help your students revise Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”. Divided into 5 sections, the Worksheet consists of questions that get harder as students work through them. The final section contains questions which are “essay-style” questions or they can be used as the basis of discussion or class debate. The Worksheet consists of 5 pages with spaces provided for the first 20 questions. Tried and tested with many classes across the years. A great resource for revising the play. Enjoy!

25 revision questions on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. The Handout incorporates questions which get harder as they go along and are divided into 5 sections: Basic comprehension; Intermediate questions; Advanced analysis; In-depth exploration and Critical thinking. Questions can be set so as students can work their way through the whole set or students can be asked to choose a certain number of questions from each section. Designed for use with GCSE students of Shakespeare’s great tragedy. Saving busy teachers a great deal of time.

This Handout is a 7-page exploration of the character of Juliet from Shakespeare’s timeless tragedy, “Romeo and Juliet”. It is suitable for use with GCSE students and includes questions and discussion points as well as brief suggested answers at the end of the Handout. The discussion considers Juliet’s intelligence, her pragmatism and contrasts her thoughtful approach to Romeo’s more impulsive actions. This discussion is part of a collection of resources on the play and has been tried and tested with many groups of students. Why not look at the other resources provided on “Romeo and Juliet” and use them with your groups. Enjoy!