This bundle is ideal for classroom or home learning and covers all of the OCR A level chemistry specification section 3.2.1 − enthalpy changes. The energetics topics covered are enthalpy changes, experimental determination of enthalpy changes, bond enthalpies and Hess’ Law. Each topic includes a fully interactive PowerPoint including starter, group activities, questions and plenary along with a worksheet. Answers to all exercises are provided. Some of the resources include a PowerPoint quiz. This bundle is part of a series covering the OCR AS Chemistry specification and relates to the following section: Module 3 – Periodic table and energy / Part 2 – Physical chemistry / 3.2.1 Enthalpy changes Content covered: Enthalpy changes • What is enthalpy • Law of conservation of energy • Enthalpy change • Enthalpy profile diagrams • System and surroundings • Exothermic and endothermic reactions and examples • Activation energy • Standard enthalpy changes • Standard conditions • Definitions of enthalpy changes • Simple calculations involving enthalpy changes Experimental determination of enthalpy changes • Energy exchange with the surroundings - heat loss in a chemical system = heat gain by surroundings • Temperature scales • Determining enthalpy changes using calorimetry • Calculations involving q = mc∆T . • Determining enthalpy changes in solution • Determining enthalpy of combustion • Errors associated with calorimetry experiments and how to minimise them • Cooling curves and how to find the temperature rise • Thermometric titration Bond enthalpies • Making covalent bonds (exothermic) and breaking covalent bonds (endothermic) • Overall enthalpy change linked to relative enthalpies of breaking and making bonds – enthalpy profile diagram • Average bond enthalpies and why they differ from actual bond enthalpies • Factors affecting average bond enthalpies • Calculations involving bond enthalpies • Limitations of bond enthalpy calculations • Plenary discussion about why there is a constant increase in the enthalpy change of combustion of alcohols for each CH2 group added Hess’ Law • Hess’ Law • Indirect determination of enthalpy changes • Enthalpy cycles • Calculating enthalpy changes from enthalpy changes of combustion • Calculating enthalpy changes from enthalpy changes of formation • Summary of types of enthalpy calculation • Calculating enthalpy changes from unfamiliar enthalpy cycles Links Next lesson: Topic 29 – Rates of reaction and collision theory (in preparation) Free resource - standard form, decimal places and significant figures https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12405507

This bundle is ideal for classroom or home learning and covers the history of the periodic table, the features of the modern periodic table, the periodicity of ionisation energies and melting points as well as the properties of group 2 elements and compounds, the halogens and their compounds and qualitative analysis. It includes all of the OCR A level chemistry specification section 3.1. Each topic includes a fully interactive PowerPoint including starter, group activities, questions and plenary along with a worksheet. Answers to all exercises are provided. Some of the resources include a PowerPoint quiz. This bundle is part of a series covering the OCR AS Chemistry specification and relates to the following sections: Module 3 – The Periodic table and energy Part 1 –The Periodic Table 3.1.1 Periodicity 3.1.2 Group 2 3.1.3 The halogens 3.1.4 Qualitative analysis Content covered: Periodic table past and present • The history of the periodic table, including Newlands’ and Mendeleev’s contributions • The structure of the modern periodic table – periods, groups and blocks • Relationship between electron configuration and the periodic table • Periodicity – the variation in properties when plotted against atomic number • Periodicity and metallic character • Metal and non-metals Periodicity of ionisation energies and melting points • First ionisation energy – definition • Factors affecting ionisation energies: nuclear charge, atomic radius and shielding • Explanation of shielding • Successive ionisation energies • Predicting group from successive ionisation energies • Periodicity of first ionisation energies • Trends across a period and down a group • Explanations of small decreases from group 2 to group 3 and from group 5 to group 6 • Periodicity of structure of elements: giant metallic, giant covalent and simple molecular structures • Periodicity of melting points and explanation in terms of structure. Group 2 • Structure and physical properties of group 2 elements • Electron configuration and formation of ions • First ionisation enthalpy and reactivity • Redox reactions of group 2 metals with oxygen, water and acids • Properties of group 2 compounds • Group 2 oxides and hydroxides – reactions with acids • Group 2 oxides – reaction with water • Solubility and alkalinity of group 2 hydroxides • Reactions of group 2 carbonates with acid • Uses of group 2 compounds The halogens • Structure and physical properties of group 17 elements • Electron configuration and formation of ions • Redox reactions of halogens • Reactivity of halogens • Displacement reactions • Disproportionation reactions of the halogens, including production of bleach • Benefits and hazards of treating drinking water with chlorine • Precipitation reactions of aqueous halide ions with aqueous silver nitrate • Use of silver nitrate as a test for aqueous halide ions Qualitative analysis • Precipitation and acid-base reactions • Tests for carbon dioxide and ammonia • Tests for anions including carbonate, sulfate, chloride, bromide and iodide ions • Sequence of tests for anions, with reasons • Analysing mixtures of anions • Tests for cations – ammonium ion Links Next lesson: Topic 25 – enthalpy changes https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/enthalpy-changes-ocr-as-chemistry-12509439 Next bundle: Enthalpy changes bundle https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/enthalpy-changes-bundle-12608495

This bundle is ideal for classroom or home learning and covers electron configuration, ionic bonding, covalent bonding, shapes of molecules, electronegativity and bond polarity, intermolecular forces, structure and bonding. It includes all of the OCR A level chemistry specification section 2.2, as well as part of 3.1.1. Each topic includes a fully interactive PowerPoint including starter, group activities, questions and plenary along with a worksheet. Answers to all exercises are provided. Some of the resources include a PowerPoint quiz. This bundle is part of a series covering the OCR AS Chemistry specification and relates to the following sections: Module 2 – Foundations in chemistry / Part 2 – Electrons, bonding and structure 2.2.1 Electron structure and 2.2.2 Bonding and structure Module 3 – The Periodic table and energy / Part 1 –The Periodic Table 3.1.1 (Periodicity) Content covered: Electron configuration - shells, sub-shells and orbitals • Energy levels • Main shells, sub-shells and orbitals • Rules for filling orbitals • Electron configurations of atoms and ions • Deducing electron configuration using the Periodic Table • Relationship of electron configuration to the Periodic Table Ionic bonding • Bonding and the Periodic Table • Predicting ionic formulae • Definition of ionic bonding • Dot-and-cross diagrams – some of them animated • Half equations • Giant ionic lattice • Physical properties of ionic compounds including: • melting point • electrical conductivity • solubility in polar and non-polar solvents Covalent bonding • Definition of a covalent bond • Single, double and triple covalent bonds • Lone pairs • How to construct dot-and-cross diagrams • Dative covalent or coordinate bonds • The Octet Rule and exceptions • Average bond enthalpies Shapes of molecules and ions • Electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) • Effect of lone pairs on shape • Model answer to exam question • How to draw simple shapes in 3D • Bond angles Electronegativity and bond polarity • Definition of electronegativity • Atomic core and calculation of core charge • Factors affecting electronegativity • Pauling scale of electronegativity • Electronegativity and bond polarity • Non-polar and polar covalent bonds • Electronegativity and bonding type (including intermediate bonding) • Polarity of molecules from the bond polarities and the molecular shape • Predicting whether a molecule will have an overall dipole from its symmetry Intermolecular forces • What are intermolecular forces? • Strengths of bonds and intermolecular forces • Types of intermolecular forces • Induced dipole-dipole interactions (London (dispersion) forces) • How London forces arise • Factors affecting strength of London forces • Permanent dipole-dipole interactions • How permanent dipole-dipole interactions arise • How intermolecular forces affect properties • Hydrogen bonding • What’s special about hydrogen bonds • Effects of hydrogen bonds on properties • Special properties of water • Summary of intermolecular forces • Predicting the type of intermolecular forces Structure and bonding • Factors influencing physical properties • The way the atoms/ions are grouped together (structure) • The type of particles the solid is built up from • The bonds or forces holding these particles together • Structure and physical properties of ionic compounds (see also topic 15) • Structures and physical properties of covalent substances including giant covalent and simple molecular • Diamond and graphite – structures and properties • Graphene • Metallic bonding, structure and physical properties • Summary of types of bonding • Jigsaw discussion to summarise 4 main types of structure and their properties Links Next lesson – free resource: Topic 21 – the Periodic Table past and present https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/periodic-table-past-and-present-ocr-as-chemistry-12964450

Unique package of interactive PowerPoint and paper based activities that can be used for independent work or in the classroom. This resource covers A level organic aliphatic and aromatic synthetic routes through two interactive PowerPoints, each based on a clear chart of numbered synthetic routes, where each number is linked to a page detailing that reaction. Information given includes type of reaction, reagents and conditions and an equation, as well as key definitions. In addition most reactions have an animated mechanism or structural equation. There are links to pages describing and explaining practical techniques, where relevant. Includes two blank charts (one for aliphatic and one for aromatic) of the synthetic routes for printing (preferably A3 size), together with a blank table for practising types of reaction and reagents and conditions. Full answers are provided. Please review! Content covered • A level synthetic routes – aliphatic and aromatic • Extending carbon chain length (carbon-carbon bond formation) • Animated mechanisms • Key definitions • Heating under reflux • Distillation • Reaction classification • Reagents and conditions • Structural equations • Activated benzene rings • Tests for functional groups Duration: 1-3 lessons and/or independent study Please see also AS organic synthesis https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/as-organic-synthesis-12254256

This bundle is ideal for classroom or home learning and covers electron configuration, ionic bonding, covalent bonding and shapes of molecules. It includes all of the OCR A level chemistry specification section 2.2.1 and part of 2.1.2. Each topic includes a fully interactive PowerPoint including starter, group activities, questions and plenary along with a worksheet. Answers to all exercises are provided. Three of the resources include a PowerPoint quiz. This bundle is part of a series covering the OCR AS Chemistry specification and relates to the following sections: Module 2 – Foundations in chemistry / Part 2 – Electrons, bonding and structure 2.2.1 Electron structure and part of 2.2.2 – Bonding and structure Content covered: Electron configuration – shells, sub-shells and orbitals • Energy levels • Main shells, sub-shells and orbitals • Rules for filling orbitals • Electron configurations of atoms and ions • Deducing electron configuration using the Periodic Table • Relationship of electron configuration to the Periodic Table Ionic bonding • Bonding and the Periodic Table • Predicting ionic formulae • Definition of ionic bonding • Dot-and-cross diagrams – some of them animated • Half equations • Giant ionic lattice • Physical properties of ionic compounds including o melting point o electrical conductivity o solubility in polar and non-polar solvents Covalent bonding • Definition of a covalent bond • Single, double and triple covalent bonds • Lone pairs • How to construct dot-and-cross diagrams • Dative covalent or coordinate bonds • The Octet Rule and exceptions • Average bond enthalpies Shapes of molecules and ions • Electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) • Effect of lone pairs on shape • Model answer to exam question • How to draw simple shapes in 3D • Bond angles Links Next lesson – free resource: Topic 18 – Electronegativity and bond polarity https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/electronegativity-and-bond-polarity-ocr-as-chemistry-12888524

This bundle is ideal for classroom or home learning and covers electronegativity and bond polarity, intermolecular forces and structure and bonding. It includes part of the OCR A level chemistry specification section 2.2.2 and part of 3.1.1. Each topic includes a fully interactive PowerPoint including starter, group activities, questions and plenary along with a worksheet. Answers to all exercises are provided. Some of the resources include a PowerPoint quiz. Content covered: Electronegativity and bond polarity • Definition of electronegativity • Atomic core and calculation of core charge • Factors affecting electronegativity • Pauling scale of electronegativity • Electronegativity and bond polarity • Non-polar and polar covalent bonds • Electronegativity and bonding type (including intermediate bonding) • Polarity of molecules from the bond polarities and the molecular shape • Predicting whether a molecule will have an overall dipole from its symmetry Intermolecular forces • What are intermolecular forces? • Strengths of bonds and intermolecular forces • Types of intermolecular forces • Induced dipole-dipole interactions (London (dispersion) forces) • How London forces arise • Factors affecting strength of London forces • Permanent dipole-dipole interactions • How permanent dipole-dipole interactions arise • How intermolecular forces affect properties • Hydrogen bonding • What’s special about hydrogen bonds • Effects of hydrogen bonds on properties • Special properties of water • Summary of intermolecular forces • Predicting the type of intermolecular forces Structure and bonding • Factors influencing physical properties • The way the atoms/ions are grouped together (structure) • The type of particles the solid is built up from • The bonds or forces holding these particles together • Structure and physical properties of ionic compounds (see also topic 15) • Structures and physical properties of covalent substances including giant covalent and simple molecular • Diamond and graphite – structures and properties • Graphene • Metallic bonding, structure and physical properties • Summary of types of bonding • Jigsaw discussion to summarise 4 main types of structure and their properties Links Next lesson – free resource: Topic 21 – the Periodic Table past and present https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/periodic-table-past-and-present-ocr-as-chemistry-12964450