**This lesson aims to explain the workings of the Feudal System, the roles in a feudal society and the benefits it gave William as king. ** The lesson includes: Clear learning aim with learning outcomes linked to GCSE grades, a recap from previous learning, an engaging starter task, background information, a pit-stop plenary, a choice of tasks for all levels and learning styles, clearly written instructions in the notes section of each slide, exam practice questions, extension questions, a plenary, differentiation for higher ability students and two fact sheets which can be used on its own or alongside other resources you may have. 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, photographic and cartoon images have been attributed where appropriate and are all in the public domain. At times, the images I have wanted to use have been restricted and so you may wish to use your own. Images created by myself using Power Point tools have also been noted as creations of RAResources. Please contact me in person if you see any errors.

**This lesson takes a look at the people who were available to treat the sick in Medieval Britain such as surgeons, apothecaries, physicians, wise women. ** The main task gets the students to ‘interview’ each form of treatment and rate aspects such as ‘availability’ and ‘cost’ before the student evaluates the more effective treatment available at that time. Every lesson in this topic includes: Clear learning aims and achievements, a recap task, a starter activity, background information, a variety of tasks to pick from to suite your students, extension and challenge tasks, exam questions, a learning review (plenary) and finally a fact sheet which can be used as a stand alone resource for the lesson or as part of revision/student catch up. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

This lesson looks encourages the students to explain the ideas they have been taught about WHY there was a lack of progress in the ideas about how disease was caused in the Medieval period 1250-1500. Students are provided with an outline of the reasons and helpful information about how to structure a 12 mark answer based on this question. The lesson includes a recap from previous learning, a focussed starter task, background information about the wider historical context, a set of learning tasks which are differentiated for higher and lower ability, extention task/s, a focus on the exam with a 12 mark question, a review (plenary) and finally a fact sheet which can be used as a replacement for any books. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

This is a jam packed lesson which covers the Berlin Crisis of 1948-49. There are a wide choice of resources to select from and easy to follow visual steps to help your students follow the narrative of the events. The lesson resources include: 1 x A4 Workbook Style Fact Sheet (PDF & PPT) - Included in every Cold War lesson 1 x Main Power Point Lesson The Main Power Point Includes RECAP QUIZ: Student shave 10 questions about their learning so far. Answers revealed on the following slide for self assessment. STARTER: A simplified map of Europe -the students have to identify Germany and describe what has happened to it after the war. BACKGROUND: 10 slides of colourful, animated images and text to take students through the narrative of the events linked to the Berlin Crisis. TASK OPTION 1: A map labelling excercise on a printable sheet. All instructions included on the sheet and students can gain information from the PP slides or the fact sheets. TASK OPTION 2: A simple comprehension sheet which can either be printed and written on or displayed on the board. Simple answers only needed to show knowledge and understanding. TASK OPTION 3: A narrative storyboard - 10 boxes which include a variety of linking connectives for the students to start using in their narrative accounts. Students can use the fact sheet to help them complete this. RECAP: Another 10 question quiz about the Berlin Crisis with answers revealed on the following slide. FACT SHEET: All the information needed for this topic on one A4 sheet. EXAM FOCUS: An example of the three question types for this topic which link to the Berlin Crisis. MAPS: I have included the original maps used in case you would like to edit them.I have created all of the maps myself to hopefully make them clearer for students. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

UPDATED 2024! What and where were the Soviet Satellite States? What was the importance of the creation of the satellite states? What was the impact of Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech in 1946. This lesson includes: 2 x A4 fact sheets (PDF & PPT) Main Power Point includes: Clear learning aims Origins of the Cold War recap quiz with answers Cold War map discussion activities Think & discuss questions Source analysis of Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech Cold War Map activity Printable maps & resources Worksheets Lesson recap quiz with answers All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

This lesson outlines the main events, consequences and importance of the Prague Spring (1968) and following Brezhnev Doctrine. The lesson resources include: 1 x A4 Workbook Style Fact Sheet (PDF & PPT) – Included in every Cold War lesson! 1 x Main Power Point Lesson The main PowerPoint includes: RECAP: A key term match up linking back to the previous lesson about the Cuban Missile Crisis (see lesson 12). STARTER: Students have to use a variety of clipart images to identify the problems and concerns of the Czech people living under a Communist dictatorship. BACKGROUND: A series of slides takes the students through a possible teacher led introduction to the Prague Spring and the reforms that were made by Dubcek. TASK 1: Students are prompted to write a series of 6 structured diary entries from a Czech citizen about the events that unfolded during 1968. Higher ability students will be expected to consider the reaction and emotions of the Czech people who wanted reforms. TASK 3: 4 example exams questions are given to potentially assess student knowledge and understanding of these events. PLENARY: Students to be handed an A4 sheet (copied from the pp) and find other students in the class who can answer the questions for them. Potential for competition. FACT SHEET: A fully detailed fact sheet for the students to use for the lesson or revision.** All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

This lesson takes the students through the causes, events, consequences and importance of the building of the Berlin Wall. The lesson resources include: 1 x A4 Workbook Style Fact Sheet (PDF & PPT) – Included in every Cold War lesson! 1 x Main Power Point Lesson **The main PowerPoint includes: ** Starter: Recap Quiz to go over the Berlin Ultimatum and Refugee Crisis Background Slides: With easy to follow maps and an outline of the events shortly before the building of the Berlin Wall. Task Sheet 1: A printable comprehension sheet about the causes, events and consequences Task Sheet 2: A sort task (see image) where students read each statement and decide if the fact is a cause, an event or a consequence of the building of the wall. Task 3: Write Kennedy’s West Berlin Speech Exam Questions: One question about the building of the Berlin Wall for each of the three types in this paper. Fact Sheet: All the information the students need on one A4 sheet. This can be used in place of the text books. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

This lesson examines the policies of President Kennedy such as the Strategic Hamlet Program, and how his actions increased the USA’s involvement in Vietnam between 1961-1963. The lesson includes the following: Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Lesson Key Questions Slide 3-4: Previous Learning Picture Clue Quiz with answers revealed Slide 5: Previous Learning fill in the missing terms recap with answers revealed Slide 6: Starter Discussion Activity Slide 7-8: Background information about the events in Vietnam including the reasons for the increasing Vietcong threat Slide 9: Learning task instructions Slide 10: Printable student copy of the table needed for the main task Slide 11: Another version of the student worksheet Slide 12: Source showing a Vietcong poster against the USA’s actions in South Vietnam Slide 13-14: Further background information about Diem’s religious persecution of Buddhists and the assassinations Slide 15: Practice Exam Skill - Source Inference Slide 16-17: Practice Exam Skill - Interpretation difference with student printout if required Slide 18: Challenge Questions Slide 19-20: Learning Review crossword with answers revealed Slide 21-22: Lesson fact sheets based on the Edexcel specification I have included two fact sheets (one slightly differentiated) with the information needed for this part of the course which can be found on the final two slides. Therefore, no other resources are needed for the teaching of this lesson. Please note that all images (clipart/photographs/vectors) used in this presentation, to be best of my knowledge, are copyright free and in the public domain unless otherwise attributed in the links. A number of clipart images have also been purchased for commercial use from ‘Artsy Bee Kids’. If you feel any errors have been made please contact me directly in the first instance to resolve the issue. Thank you.

This lesson explores the background, work and impact of Joseph Lister’s work with antiseptics and carbolic acid. Students then question his importance in the progress of medicine. **The lesson includes: ** Clear learning aims and achievements Recap task: Key words linked to the lesson Starter activities: A range of visual sources, mainly illustrations to examine the before and after of antiseptics. Background information: About the life and work of Lister Task Sheet: A worksheet covering all aspects of Lister’s work with questions progessively becoming more challenging. Exam focus: A 16 and 12 mark question with structure advice Plenary: What was more important - Antiseptics or anaesthetics? FACT SHEET: Every lesson comes with a fact sheet which can be given to the students as a replacement for a text book. This means you will not need any other resources for the lesson unless you feel you would like to offer more. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. **This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use. **

This lesson covers the development of anaesthetics from before 1700 to 1900. Students focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each type of anaesthetic, in particular James Simpson’s discovery of chloroform but also why there was so much progress in this time. **The lesson includes: ** Clear learning aims and achievements Recap task: What improvements were made to hospitals during this time. Starter activity: What is the difference between an antiseptic and anaesthetic? Source study of early surgery using a choice of two paintings. Background information: Information about anaesthetics used before and after 1700 as well as the James Simpson story. Think & Discuss Slide: What would the advantages be of anaesthetics to the patient and the surgeon? Task Sheet 1: A basic outline of a timeline task. Task Sheet 2: A differentiated timeline task which includes the dates and boxes needed. Task Sheet 3: A further differentiated timeline with extension questions. Exam focus: A structure for a 12 mark exam question and well as example questions from the topic. FACT SHEET: Every lesson comes with a fact sheet which can be given to the students as a replacement for a text book. This means you will not need any other resources for the lesson unless you feel you would like to offer more… All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

This lesson asks students to examine the main three candidates for the King of England after the death of Edward the Confessor. Students evaluate the candidates using a series of fact files. They then explain which candidate would be the most suitable. This is a fully resourced lesson which includes starter tasks, printable worksheets, differentiated, challenge and extension tasks. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

This lesson concludes this part of the topic which covers ‘Conflict at Home’ and Civil Rights. The lesson examines the impact of the assassination of Martin Luther King and uses this to help evaluate how much progress the civil rights movement had made by 1975. I have included two fact sheets (one slightly differentiated) with the information needed for this part of the course which can be found on the final two slides. Therefore, no other resources are needed for the teaching of this lesson. The lesson includes the following: Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Lesson Key Questions Slide 3: Comparison of two differing historical interpretations about the progress of civil rights Slide 4: Comparison of two different historical interpretations in an exam style format - printable version for students Slide 5-6: Introduction to the 12 mark ‘Explain why’ question with analysis of the question itself an suggested structure Slide 7-8: A timeline of the key events from 1964-75 - students need to use this to help them think about the reasons why there was progress or limited progress in civil rights. Slide 9: A table for students to fill in their ideas about progress/little progress Slide 10-12: A differentiated version of the above tasks whereby students organise various statements about civil rights into ‘progress’ or ‘limited progress’. Printable sheets and answers supplied Slide 13: Overall evaluation questions Slide 14-15: A fully animated and interactive ‘blockbusters’ game to help students recap some of the main events/people/terms from unit 2. Teacher question sheet and answers provided. Slide 16-17: Fact sheets based on the Edexcel specification Please note that all images (clipart/photographs/vectors) used in this presentation, to be best of my knowledge, are copyright free and in the public domain unless otherwise attributed in the links. If you feel any errors have been made please contact me directly in the first instance to resolve the issue. Thank you.

This lesson examines the causes and events of the Watts Riots and the significance of the Kerner Report. It also evaluates the success/failures of King’s Campaign in the North. I have included two fact sheets (one slightly differentiated) with the information needed for this part of the course which can be found on the final two slides. Therefore, no other resources are needed for the teaching of this lesson. The lesson includes: Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Lesson Key Questions Slide 3-5: Black Panther Recap - Word fill with answers and a printable version for students Slide 6: Source starter task Slide 7-12: Engaging background information about the three events including further source analysis and photographic evidence Slide 13: Learning activity - students have to sort the statements about King’s Campaign in the North into ‘successes’ or ‘failures’. This includes an additional source task based on the same idea. Slide 14: Follow Up Challenge Questions Slide 15-16: Learning Review Quiz with answers revealed Slide 18-19: Lesson fact sheets based on the Edexcel specification Please note that all images (clipart/photographs/vectors) used in this presentation, to be best of my knowledge, are copyright free and in the public domain unless otherwise attributed in the links. If you feel any errors have been made please contact me directly in the first instance to resolve the issue. Thank you.

This lesson examines the changing beliefs of Malcom X and how he influenced the Black Power Movement in the 1960s. The lesson includes the following: Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Lesson Key Questions Slide 3-4: Previous learning about the Voting Rights Act and Civil Rights Act True or False Quiz with answers Slide 5: Photographic source inference starter Slide 6-7: Malcom X source enquiry activity including a printable sheet of 6 sources based on his autobiography Slide 8: An optional creative writing task Slide 9: Printable student worksheet (students to write their answers on the sheet) Slide 10: Practice Exam Question (inference) Slide 11: Follow up challenge questions Slide 12: Learning Review - Key Term Association Slide 13-14: Lesson fact sheets based on Edexcel specification I have included two fact sheets (one slightly differentiated) with the information needed for this part of the course which can be found on the final two slides. Therefore, no other resources are needed for the teaching of this lesson. Please note that all images (clipart/photographs/vectors) used in this presentation, to be best of my knowledge, are copyright free and in the public domain unless otherwise attributed in the links. If you feel any errors have been made please contact me directly in the first instance to resolve the issue. Thank you.

This lesson examines how the success of the Montgomery bus boycott led to the 1957 Civil Rights Act as well as the formation of the Southern Christian Leadership Council. Students assess the impact of the Civil Rights Act and also have an opportunity to contrast two different interpretations. I have included two fact sheets (one slightly differentiated) with the information needed for this part of the course which can be found on the final two slides. Therefore, no other resources are needed for the teaching of this lesson. The lesson presentation includes: Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Lesson Key Questions Slide 3: Recap activity timeline of key events Slide 4: Recap activity answers Slide 5-6: Exam Skill Practice - Two different interpretations about the impact of the bus boycott. Student printout version included. Slides 7-11: Engaging and animated background knowledge about the SCLC and Civil Rights Act with discussion questions included. Slide 12: Worksheet based question sheet Slide 13-14: Learning Review Activity Slide 15-16: Two fact sheets including all the information needed for the lesson based on GCSE specification Please note that all images (clipart/photographs/vectors) used in this presentation, to be best of my knowledge, are copyright free and in the public domain unless otherwise attributed in the links. If you feel any errors have been made please contact me directly in the first instance to resolve the issue. Thank you.

This lesson examines the key events of the Freedom Summer (1964) , the Mississippi Murders (1964) and the march for voting rights from Selma to Montgomery in 1965. Students analyse how these key events caused publicity as well as the continued opposition towards black voter registration from groups such as the KKK and WCC. I have included two fact sheets (one slightly differentiated) with the information needed for this part of the course which can be found on the final two slides. Therefore, no other resources are needed for the teaching of this lesson. The lesson includes: Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Lesson Key Questions Slide 3-7: Recap Activities covering Campaign C and the March to Washington with printable student version and answers Slide 8 : Starter Task Discussion about the importance of black Americans gaining the vote. Slide 9-10: Background information and tasks covering the Freedom Summer and Freedom Schools Slide 11: Background information about the Mississippi Murders Slide 12-15: Background information about voting rights in Selma and the march to Montgomery Slide 16: Discussion and task covering the various pressures placed on President Johnson for further civil rights laws. Slide 17: Student worksheet/question sheet about the events covered in the lesson. Slide 18: Source analysis question sheet (includes two sources) Slide 19-20: Learning Review Statistic Match Up Slide 21-22: Fact Sheets created in line with the Edexcel specification. Please note that all images (clipart/photographs/vectors) used in this presentation, to be best of my knowledge, are copyright free and in the public domain unless otherwise attributed in the links. If you feel any errors have been made please contact me directly in the first instance to resolve the issue. Thank you.

This lesson examines two key civil rights events during 1963 - King’s Campaign C in Birmingham, Alabama and the following March on Washington DC. Students examine the events as well as think about the significance of them for the progress of civil rights in America. I have included two fact sheets (one slightly differentiated) with the information needed for this part of the course which can be found on the final two slides. Therefore, no other resources are needed for the teaching of this lesson. The lesson includes: Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Lesson Key Questions Slide 3-4: Previous lesson recap quiz with answers revealed Slide 5: Martin Luther King Source Starter Task Slide 6-7: Picture Quiz - Identify which civil rights events caused publicity in America? Slide 8: Brief background information about Campaign C and a map showing the location of Birmingham in the Deep South Slide 9: Instruction sheet for the timeline exercise Slide 10: Printable student worksheet for students to organise the events into the correct chronological order Slide 11-12: Two different style timelines Slide 13: Follow up challenge questions Slide 14-15: Photographic evidence of the March on Washington Slide 16: Inference practice question Slide 17: ‘I have a Dream’ source analysis Slide 18: Learning Review activity Slide 19-20: Fact sheets based on Edexcel specification Please note that all images (clipart/photographs/vectors) used in this presentation, to be best of my knowledge, are copyright free and in the public domain unless otherwise attributed in the links. If you feel any errors have been made please contact me directly in the first instance to resolve the issue. Thank you.

**This resource pack contains plenty of activities and tasks which will allow students to learn and explain why so many people decided to go on a crusade during the middle ages. ** In this pack you get: 1 x Worksheet - Students categorise the various reasons why people went on the pilgrimate using a key 1 x Worksheet - Students write up an extended answer to the question @Explain two reasons why people went on a crusade’. Sentence starters and structure given. - 1 x Main Power Point Slide 1: Title slide - Explain why people went on a Crusade Slide 2: Animated, illustrated and engaging background information about the background to the Crusades Slide 3: Animated, illustrated and engaging background information about the causes of the crusades Slide 4: Animated, illustrated and engaging background information about the role played by Pope Urban II Slide 5: Starter Task - Which route would the students take to reach Jerusalem? Slide 6: Introduction to the question - why did people decided to go on a crusade Slide 7: Outline to the main task of categorising the reasons Slide 8: Introduction to the main question and the use of the PEEL structure for historical extended writing Slide 9: PEEL structure outline for a class model answer Slide 10: An alternative poster task outline Slides 11-13: Recapping key words about the crusades with answers revealed and a print out version All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

In this lesson, students will use their geography and history skills to identify and explain the best location for a motte and bailey castle, using a variety of map based options and set criteria. Worksheet 1: An A4 worksheet including the two tables that students need to fill out in order to score the best site for their motte and bailey castle Worksheet 2: An A4 worksheet which allows students to structure and write a report about their choice of the best site for a motte and bailey castle PowerPoint: Slide 1: Title slide - To evaluate the most suitable location for a motte and bailey castle Slide 2: Learning Recap 1 - Students are shown an illustration of a motte and bailey castle and have to identify the numbered features on it. Slide 3-4: Alternative Learning Recap - Students are given a diagram of a motte and bailey castle and have to label the different features of it. Slide 5: Animated and illustrated background information about William’s use of motte and bailey castles Slide 6-7: An outline of the main task Slides 8-9: Slides showing the first map which students have to analyse. A table is also included for the teacher to collect student scores. Slides 10-11: Slides showing the second more focussed map which students have to analyse. A table is also included for the teacher to collect student scores. Slide 12: A sheet to help students write their report about their chosen castle to William. Sentence starters given with an opportunity for higher ability students to adapt and develop their own ideas. Slide 13: Challenge Task - Students encouraged to create their own map Slides 14-15: The original map designs (in case you wanted to adapt them in any way) Slide 16: Printable motte and bailey diagrams for the starter task All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.

**This lesson examines William’s use of the Domesday Book as a method to take further control of England. ** As with all of my resources, everything you need for the teaching of this topic is included and so there is no need for additional text books or resources. With this purchase you will receive: Worksheet 1: An A4 fact sheet all about the Domesday Book Worksheet 2: A student task sheet including various levels of questions. Main PowerPoint Presentation: Slide 1: Title slide – To explain the role of the Domesday Book during the Norman Conquest of England Slide 2: A Think and discuss task about the methods the UK government today uses to collect information about its people Slide 3: A fill in the missing term activity based on William’s actions during the Norman Conquest so far – answers revealed Slide 4: An illustration of a scene of the Domesday survey – students given inference based questions from it Slide 5: Background information about the Domesday survey Slide 6: Background information about the Domesday survey questions Slide 7: An alterative online research task about the Domesday Book data today and UK Census Slide 8: A short clip from BBC Teach about the Domesday Book Slide 9: How to structure an answer to a question about the importance of the Domesday Book Slide 10: A creative writing optional task Slide 11: Learning Review – 10 questions from the lesson Slide 12: Learning Review – answers revealed to the 10 questions All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you. This resource is for personal use only and for copyright reasons should not be copied/amended for commercial use.