Asymmetric centres Achiral and Chiral Asymmetrical (stereogenic/chiral) centre (usually C) Enantiomer pairs Plane polarised light and Polarimeters Absolute configuration Diastereomers Separating racemic pairs (diastereomers)

Electronegativity Alkyl halides + Substituted alkanes Alcohols Thiols (Mercaptans) Amine Diamines Ethers Thioesters Carbonyl groups Amides Comparing boiling points Comparing pKa Delocalisation of electrons + Acidity and stability Aromatic rings

Schrödinger’s equation + quantum numbers Hybridization of atomic orbitals Sp, Sp2, Sp3

Bronsted-Lowry theory Acid-Base Reactions Ethanoic Acid Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs Ammonia Acid Strengths Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka) Role of water Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation