Rev. Dr. John Rippon was an English Baptist Minister. In 1787 he published an important hymnal A Selection of Hymns from the Best Authors, Intended to Be an Appendix toDr. Watts’ Psalms and Hymns - commonly known as * Rippon’s Selection* He was pastor to the Tabernacle Fellowship, which now meets at The Metropolitan Tabernacle, for 63 years. John Rippon was born at Tiverton, Devonshire, England. Aged about 16 he was called by divine grace to follow Jesus. Aged 17 he attended Bristol baptist College. At the close of his preparatory course he was invited to supply the pulpit of the particular baptist Church, Carter Lane, Tooley Street London left vacant after the death of eminent and venerable pastor the Rev. Dr. John Gill. John had neither the talents nor the learning of his predecessor but he was bold, witty and ready in speech. His preaching was lively, affectionate and impressive Having preached for a year on trial he was ordained pastor of the church on 11th November 1773. He stayed for the next 63 years. His congregation was the Tabernacle Fellowship which in his time there became the largest Baptist congregation in the land. Today it is the famous The Metropolitan Tabernacle. (See ‘Brief History’) Rippon’s Selection was very successful- reprinted 27 times in over 200,000 copies. He was considered to be the foremost authority on the hymns of Isaac Watts. He wrote several other guides about Watts - 1773, 1774, 1801 and 1816. He also published a considerable number of sermons, discourses and addresses. For 12 years he edited the Baptist Annual Register. (1790-1802)- this gave the brethren in Europe and American an organ through which they might address each other. John finished his long and useful life on the 17th December 1836. At the time of his death he was working on a book commemorating those buried in London’s Dissenter cemetery, Bunhill Fields , where he himself was buried. Sources used Baptist Quarterly Hymnology Archive How Firm a Foundation The Reformed Reader wikipedia

Isaac was born in Southampton, Hampshire, England. His father was in prison at the time because of his nonconformist sympathies - he was eventually released. Young Isaac showed genius early. He was learning Latin by the age of 4, Greek at 9, French by 11 and Hebrew by 13. The fact that his father was a nonconformist meant that his bright child could not go to either Oxford or Cambridge university. At 16 he went to study at the Dissenting Academy at Stoke Newington, London (1690- 4). After graduation he spent the next 2 years at home. During this time the bulk of the Hymns and Spiritual Songs ( eventually published in 1707-9) were written and sung from manuscripts in the Southampton chapel. He spent the next 6 years as tutor to the son of Sir John Hartopp. During this time he began to accumulate theological and philosophical materials which he published subsequently. Isaac preached his first sermon when he was 24. In 1699 Isaac was appointed assistant minister of London’s Mark Lane Independent chapel - then one of the city’s most influential independent churches. In March 1702 he became full pastor. Apparently he was an inspiring preacher. His first collection of hymns and sacred lyrics was *Horae Lyricae *(1706). In 1703 he began to suffer from a psychiatric illness which would plague him for the rest of his life. 1712 a fever chattered his constitution. His illness and unsightly appearance took its toll. His 5 foot, pale, skinny frame was topped by a disproportionately over sized head. He had to pass off more and more of his work to Mr Samuel Price, his assistant. He resigned in 1712. He accepted an invitation to visit Sir Thomas Abney at Abney Park- intending to stay a week . At Sir Thomas’ request it became his home for the rest of his life. He preached whenever his delicate health would permit and he continued to write. Besides using Psalms and writing hymns he wrote religious songs especially for children Divine Songs for the Use of Children (1719). He also wrote educational books on geography, astronomy, grammar and philosophy which were widely used throughout the 18th century. The hymns he wrote include When I Survey the Wondrous Cross , Our God, Our Help in Ages Past, Jesus Shall Reign It is as a writer of psalms and hymns that he is known everywhere. Some of his hymns were written to be sung after his sermon, giving expression to the meaning of the text upon which he had preached. Isaac died on 25th November 1748. he was buried in the Puritan resting place at Bunhill Fields, BUT a monument was erected to him in Westminster Abbey. Montgomery calls Isaac the greatest name among hymn writers and the honour can hardly be disputed. His published hymns number more than 800. Sources used Britannia Online Encyclopedia Chritianity Today Hymnary.org

Dr.John Gill was an English Baptist pastor, biblical scholar and theologian who held firm to the Calvinistic doctrine of salvation. John was the first major writing Baptist theologian. His church at Goat Yard Chapel would in the future become The Metropolitan Tabernacle… He was born in Kettering, Northamptonshire and attended the grammar school there. He mastered the Latin classics and learned Greek by the age of 11. At the age of 12 he heard a sermon on the text And the Lord God called unto Adam and said unto him, Where art thou? Genesis ch.3 v 9. This stayed with but it was not until he was 18 that he made a public profession. At the age of 21 he began his first pastoral work as an intern for John Davis at Higham Ferrers. Aged just 22 he began his 51 year pastorate at the Strict Baptist church at Goat Yard Chapel, Horsleydown, Southwark. His congregation needed a larger premises so they moved to Carter Lane, St. Olave’s Street, Southwark. This would later become the New Park Street Chapel and then The Metropolitan Tabernacle - which today has the largest Baptist congregation in the U.K… John was a profound scholar and a prolific author. He was one of the greatest biblical scholars of his time. His Bible commentaries remain in print to this day. Works of John Gill a veritable cornucopia of Biblical knowledge Amazon (See list of Various works) He continued self-study in everything from logic to Hebrew. His love of Hebrew remained throughout his life. John supported George Whitefield at Kennington Gardens. In 1739 the earliest sermons on the ’ Great Awakening’ brought 1000s to experience new birth. ( see ‘Great Awakening’ notes) Sources used Amazon History Great Awakening Metropolitan Tabernacle wikipedia

Benajah Harvey Carroll known as B. H. Carroll was a Baptist pastor, theologian, teacher and author. and founder of the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (1908) He was born near Carrollton, in Carroll County, north central Mississippi. he was one of 12 children. His father was a Baptist minister. He served in the Confederate States of America army (1862-4). Aged 21/2 he converted to Christianity following a revival meeting. B.H. pastored multiple churches. He spent 28 years at the First baptist church of Waco. he was instrumental in the formation of the Baptist General Convention of Texas and the consolidation of the 2 Texas Baptist colleges into Baylor University. Aged 65, and not in the best of health, he had a vision while on a train journey through the Texas Panhandle. He visualized multitude of of preachers with limited education hungering for a better education. The year was 1905. B.H. wasted no time in seeking to fulfill his vision - by March 4th 1908 the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (SWBTS) was founded. He became its first president. In 1910 it moved from Baylor University in Waco to Fort Worth Hill. (Read the full story SWBTS Legacy: B.H. Carroll) B.H. published 33 volumes of works. The best known is his 17 volume commentary Interpretations of the English Bible. Benajah Harvey Carroll fell into a coma and died on the 11 th November 1914 Lord God, I am glad I am a preacher, that I am a preacher of the glorious gospel of Jesus Christ. B.H. Carroll J. B Cranfill, who had B.H. for his pastor for 12 years, in Life Sketch of B.H. Carroll (1908) and The Passing of B.H. Carroll (1914 ) gives us further insight into this great Baptist minister which he held in high esteem. We are told he was a great reader -100s of pages a day- he had a great memory, a marvelous preacher, a peerless statesman, a marvelous teacher, an able writer, a great scholar. Above everything he was a heroic Christian and a true and faithful friend. B.H.’ s funeral was in SWBTS chapel. Cranfill said the Eulogy. He spoke about the funeral happening around the silent form of B.H. Carroll in his own monument. This will be his monument and will be his monument through all the years to come. Sources used wikipedia Southwestern Baptist theological Seminary Baptist History Homepage

Augustus Montague Toplady was an Anglican cleric and hymn writer. He is best remembered as the author of the hymn ‘Rock of Ages’. Augustus was born in Farnham, Surrey, England. His father Richard, who was probably Irish, was a major in the Royal Marines. He fought in the War of Jenkin’s Ear (1739-42) and died most likely from yellow fever. This meant his mother, Catherine, raised the boy alone. They moved to Westminster and he attended the local school from 1750-55. They moved to Ireland where he attended Trinity College, Dublin. August 1755 Augustus heard a sermon preached by James Morris in a barn in Codymain, co. Wexford . The text was Ephesians ch 2 v 13 *But now, in Christ Jesus, ye who were sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ. He remembered this sermon when he received his effectual calling from God. Having under gone his conversion under the preaching of a Methodist preacher he initially followed John Wesley in supporting Arminianism. Aged 18 he read other material by Thomas Manton and Jerome Zanchius which convinced him that Calvinism was correct. (See Calvinism - Arminian debate etc. sheets) 1759 Augustus, aged 19, published his first book Poems of Sacred Subjects. 1760 graduated from Trinity College and returned to Westminster. John Gill encouraged him to publish his translation of Jerome Zanchius’ work on predestination. 1762 ordained as an Anglican deacon and appointed curate at Blagdon in the Mendip Hills in Somerset. 1763 wrote Rock of Ages. 1764 ordained priest. In 1766 he becomes the incumbent, through simony (bought by the church), of Harpford and Venn Ottery, 2 villages in Devon. He moves to the Devon village of Broadhembury where he stays until his death in 1778 -but from 1775 he has leave of absence. The Calvinist controversy went on for 9 years (1768-78). Augustus Toplady v John Wesley. Arminianism v Calvinism. Was the Church of England historically Calvinist or Arminian? The debate peaked when Augustus in 1774 when he published his 700 page The Historic Proof of the Doctrinal Calvinism of the Church of England. (See’ Calvinist controversialist: 1769-78’) Toplady and Wesley relationship had initially been cordial but it became increasingly bitter. He spent the last 3 years of his life mainly in London. preaching regularly in a French Calvinist(!) chapel in Orange steer, off the Haymarket. His volume of psalms and hymns for Public and private worship were published in 1776. Of the 419 hymns several were written by him. Augustus of died tuberculosis on 11th August 1778. He is buried at Whitefield’s Tabernacle, Tottenham Court Road. Thank you for Rock of Ages He was impulsive, rash-spoken, reckless in misjudgement; but a flame of genuine devoutness burned in the fragile lamp of his overtasked and wasted body. Rev. A.B. Grosart, D.D., LL.D. Sources used 5 minutes in Church History Britannica Online Encyclopedia hymnary.org John Wesley’s Journal wikipedia

Benjamin was a Particular Baptist preacher and author in London whose name was given to the Keach’s Catechism. As a prominent nonconformist leader and prolific writer, he helped shape the theological development of the Particular baptists as they struggled through persecution and finally emerged under legal toleration near the end of the 16th century. Benjamin was born in Buckinghamshire and in his early years worked as a tailor. Aged 15 he was baptized and began to preach at 18. His first congregation was in Winslow. In 1668 he became the pastor at Horsleydown, Southwark where he remained for 36 years. Benjamin or William Collins wrote a Catechism which became known as Keach’s Catechism. It was written to clarify the theology of the Second Baptist Confession that was written in 1677 and published in 1689 as The Baptist Confession of Faith… He wrote 60 books of which his Parables and Metaphors of Scripture may be the best known. (See ’ Works’ for list 12 of his books) The Child’s Instructor (1664) resulted in him being persecuted, fined and pilloried (put in stocks) in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. *The people, contrary to custom had no words of mockery for the good, persecuted minister and no offensive missile was thrown at him. (See picture) Around 1673 he was amongst those leading a campaign to introduce congregational hymn singing. This left to public discourse on whether or not singing was appropriate in worship, and if so what types of song were acceptable. Benjamin’s hymnbook, published In 1691, provoked heated debate in the 1692 Assembly of Particular Baptists. For many years Benjamin preached powerfully to a large congregations in a building which had to be enlarged several times. His congregation later became the New Park Street Church and then eventually moved to the Metropolitan Tabernacle. Sources GotQuestions.org Metropolitan Tabernacle Theopedia wikipedia

Dr.Peter Masters has been the minister at of the Metropolitan Tabernacle in London since 1970. He founded the Evangelical Times in 1967. He directs the School of Theology, an annual Christmas conference for pastors and Christian workers. Peter has been at the Metropolitan Tabernacle now for 40 years. He continues to edit The Sword and Trowel started by the great Charles Spurgeon in 1865. Peter founded the London Reformed Baptist Seminary (LRBS) in 1976 and directs the further studies of both pastors and fledgling pastors in the Tabernacle’s seminary. The LRBS went on line in 2011. In October 2014 the 2 courses - the part time for those living in the UK and the online course for those overseas were merged, enabling those in the UK to follow the course online. Peter has published 28 books which have been translated into 28 languages. (See ‘Authorship’ fro list of 28 ) ( See ’ Selected works currently printed’ for titles of his books.) His sermons have been broadcast in the UK since 2003. On the Sky channel UCB initially but they they were transfered to Sky channel Revelation TV in 2013. These broadcasts are aired every Saturday at 8 pm and include a sermon from Peter and an accompanying apologetic or biographical feature. There are other channels too. The programmes are carried by a number of overseas radio stations including the USA and New Zealand Evangelical Times was founded in 1967 by Peter. It is a monthly, conservative evangelical newspaper. Peter was the original editor , Mike Judge, pastor of Chorlton Evangelical church is the current editor. I have included pictures and a brief history of the Metropolitan Tabernacle. The Tabernacle Fellowship goes back to the year 1650. The ‘Brief History’ finishes with these words. By 1970, our ranks had fallen to the point where we occupied only a few pews, but the Lord refreshed us and blessed our testimony giving rise to the full church and galleries of today. We give all the glory to Him for the large number of people who have come into the Tabernacle over the past forty years, for numerous professions of faith, and for the various ministries which have been established. The church have to thank the Lord and Dr. Peter Masters’ ministry for its revival. Sources Metropolitan Tabernacle Google search

Chief Kofoworola Abeni Pratt Hon. FRCN was a Nigerian born nurse and was the first black nurse to work in Britain’s National health Service. She went on to become vice-president of the International Council of Nurses and the first black Chief Nursing Officer of Nigeria, working in the Federal Ministry of Health. Kofoworola was educated at Lagos CMS Girls’ Grammar school. She wanted to become a nurse but her father discouraged her so she trained as a teacher. For 4 years she taught at CMS girls’ school. She married Nigerian pharmacist Dr. Olu Prat and they came to the UK in 1946. She studied nursing at the Nightingale School at St. Thomas’ Hospital. She passed her preliminary exams in 1948, her finals in 1949 and qualified as a State registered nurse in 1950. She was the first black nurse to work for the NHS. After 4 years she returned to Nigeria. She applied for the post of ward sister but at the time only British expatriates allowed to hold role. 1955-7- admin .sister. 1955-63 deputy matron In 1960 Nigeria became independent. Kofoworola 's star began to shine! She led in the Nigerianisation of nursing in her country. She was appointed Matron of the University Hospital in Ibadan 1964/5 - the first Nigerian to do so. 1965-72 chief nursing officer (federal) 1965 she was founder of a nursing school at the University of Ibadan leader of the Professional Association of Trained Nurses in Nigeria co-edited the journal Nigerian Nurse. 1971 she became President of National Council of Women’s Societies in Nigeria. 1973-5 commissioner for Health, Lagos State 1973 she was awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal by the International Committee of the Red Cross. 1975 she was awarded the chieftaincy title * Iya Ile Agbo of Isheri * f or services to the nation. 1979 Kofoworola was made an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Nursing. 1981 awarded an honorary degree from the University of Ife. Twice in her life time we are aware she was discriminated against because of her colour. The first time was when she worked at St, Thomas’. The second , although fully qualified, in Ibadan from becoming a matron earlier in her career. Kofoworola died on 18th June 1992 Kofoworola has not yet been honoured in Britain in association with Florence Nightingale. She is linked to Nightingale for inspiration, the Nightingale School where she trained , and the Nightingale Fund which gave her a scholarship. Nor must it be forgotten Kofoworola was the first black nurse to work for the NHS. Sources used Florence Nightingale Museum London Mary Seacole Information The Nightingale Society wikipedia

William was an English poet and hymnodist. He was one of the most popular poets of his time. He changed the direction of 18th century nature poetry by writing of everyday life and scenes of the English countryside. I have just concentrated on his life as a hymnodist, William was born in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. His father John Cowper was the rector of St. Peter’s church. He lost his mother 6 years later when she died giving birth to his brother John. He went to Westminster school in 1742. He was a Latin scholar. In 1750 he began to study law. He was then articled to Mr. Chapman, a solicitor, to be trained as a lawyer. He was called to the bar in 1754 and took chambers in London’s Middle Temple. By this time he was beginning to show signs of the mental instability which would plague him for the rest of his life. In 1763 he was offered a Clerkship of Journals in the House of Lords but broke under the strain of the approaching examinations. He tried 3 times to commit suicide and was confined for 18 months to Nathaniel Cotton’s asylum at St. Albans for 18 months. He was troubled by religious doubts and fears and persistently dreaming of his predestined damnation. On recovery religion provided the comfort for William’s convalescence. He went to Huntingdon where he lodged with Rev. Morley Unwin, his wife Mary and their small family. Morley in 1767 died in a riding accident and they moved to Olney in Buckinghamshire. In Olney the curate, John Newton, encouraged William in a life of practical evangelism . That failed as his doubt and melancholy returned. But William and John collaborated on a book of religious verse- Olney Hymns - which was eventually published in 1779. This included Praise for the Fountain Opened, and Light shining out of darkness. 1773 William experienced another attack of insanity. When he recovered the following year his religious fervour was gone. Poetry and Hymns, in my opinion, are closely linked. Inspiration for both can come from loved ones. 50 years after his mother’s death he wrote* On the Receipt of My Mother’s Picture. * In his student days he became engaged to his cousin Theodora Cowper. Mary Unwin helped him recover from his illness and they became very close after her husband’s death. A further relapse into near madness in 1773 put paid to the idea of marriage. In 1781 Lady Austen, a charming widow, inspired William to write new poetry. In 1786 he became close to Lady Harriet Hesketh - Theodora’s sister. William was seized with dropsy in the spring of 1800 and he died on the 25th of April. He was buried in the chapel of St. Thomas of Canterbury. There are stained glass windows in East Dereham and in St. Peter’s Berkhamsted. Robert Southey between 1835-7 edited William’s 15 volumes of writings. William Cowper is considered one of the best writers of English and some of his hymns have become part of the heritage of English churches. Sources used Britannica Online Encyclopedia Wikipedia

Edward Joshua Poole-Connor was an evangelical preacher and Christian leader. He served as secretary of the North African Mission (now known as Arab World Ministries) between his 2 pastorates at The Talbot Tabernacle, Notting Hill, London. He founded the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches (FIEC), helped administer the The Lord’s Day Observance Society ( now called DayOne) and was a regular speaker at Sovereign Grace Advent Testimony conferences. He was also a founding member of the London Bible College. Edward was born in Hackney, London, on 27th July 1872. He was a delicate child. His strict parents were of Irish extraction and devout Christians. Sunday , the Lord’s day, was the happiest day of the week. He was converted early in life - some of his Sunday school pupils were older than the teacher! Aged 21 he was baptized by immersion and took charge of Aldershot Baptist church (1893-7). He then had a short pastorate in London followed by 10 happy years in Surbiton wher he made friends with Dr. Barnardo. He sat and passed the Ministerial Recognition Examination of the Baptist Union. He later left the Baptist Union because of the ‘Downgrade’ controversy. (See Spurgeon notes) He became assistant pastor to W.Fuller Gooch , at the unsectarian Lansdown Hall at West Norwood. In 1913 he was invited to Talbot Tabernacle as pastor. His two pastoral periods were divided by his service to the North Africa Mission which took him to the Barbary states in North Africa. In 1922 Edward took steps to form *Fellowship of Independent Churches (FIC) which is now called Fellowship of Independent Evangelic Churches (FIEC). Later he serves the fellowship as national Commissioner. After WW 11 he was Honorary Principal of All Nations Bible College for 3 years. Edward visited a number of European countries. Aged 80 he did a preaching and lecturing tour of the USA. On the death of Mr. W.E. Dalling he undertook the task of editing Bible League Quarterly. which is still being published. He also found time to publish 9 books. ( See ‘Writings’) For 40 years he was a welcome speaker on the *Sovereign Grace Advent Testimony platform. Edward’s ministry spanned the most turbulent period in British church life, from the time of Charles Spurgeon to the 1960s, and whose record and analysis of its events has been widely observed. Sources used wikipedia Writings of others The Tabernacle FIEC

Robert Tillman Kendall is a Christian writer, speaker and teacher who pastored Westminster Chapel for 25 years. he is the author of more than 50 books. He is currently listed as part of the Word, Spirit & Power team, a non-denominational Charismatic ministry. Richard was born in Ashland, Kentucky on the 13th July 1935. According to testimony he came to a conviction regarding Calvinist theology and his own eternal security in 1955. Education A.B. (1970) MDiv (1972 M.A. ( 1973) D.Phil. (1977)-Oxford (See ‘LIFELINE’) While at Oxford (1974-7) he was pastor at Calvary Baptist church in Lower Heyford. for 3 years. From 1977 to February 1st, 2002 he was the minister at Westminster chapel in London. He had followed in the footsteps of the like of Samuel Martin, G. Campbell Morgan and Martyn Lloyd Jones. R.T. Kendall is a man of great authority and leadership. He has an amazing knowledge of the Scriptures and a willingness to deal with any verse in the passage preached, however difficult it might be. I can never remember hearing a sermon which he did not bless me. He truly practiced what he preached. Earnest Paddon Robert instigated a ’ Pilot Lights’ scheme, initially led by Arthur Blessitt. Church members distributed tracts and orange stickers on the streets of Westminster, in different languages, to the general public. His School of Theology evenings attracted 100s of visitors.and church leaders from all over London. He is author of more than 50 book (See ’ Books’). The book The Excellent Way, edited by David Moloney, is an anthology of Readings R.T. Kendall- a fresh word from God for each day of the year.** His relationship with his predecessor Martyn Lloyd - Jones (MLJ) broke down for some reason. When MLJ died he did not want Robert to be part of it. Robert is now in retirement in Hendersonville, Tennessee. He continues to work as an author and making contributions to Christian magazines. He is a guest speaker at conferences and appears on Christian TV programs. He is president of R.T. Ministries. Sources R.T. Kendall Ministries wikipedia

Charles Hodge was a leader of the ‘Princeton School’ of Reformed or Calvinist theology, and the principal of Princeton Theological Seminary (1851-78). He was a conservative American biblical scholar and one of the greatest defenders of historical Calvinism in the USA during the 19th century. His theology was based on traditional beliefs. Charles spent most of his adult life at Princeton University. Time Line 1812 Charles matriculated from College of New Jersey (now Princeton University (PU) 1814-5 Revival came to the PU in the winter 1815 he graduated and made a public profession of faith by joining the Presbyterians 1816 entered the theological seminary in PU. 1820 appointed teacher at PU in May 1821 he is ordained into the ministry 1822 became professor of Biblical and Oriental Literature 17th June marries Sarah Bache 1825 founded the * Biblical Repertory * 1826-8 abroad attending lectures in Europe 1840 chair of exegetical and didactic 1851-78 principal of PU 72 24th April Jubilee and Celebration of 50 years with PU 78 died 19th June Charles wrote copiously from the beginning to the end of his theological career, His master work, the 3 volume Systematic Theology was an unashamed defence of the tenets of the Presbyterian church. (See ‘Thought and works’) He founded the Biblical Repertory ( later the Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review) in 1825 and remained editor and principal contributor for 43 years - the year he died. He contributed nearly 150 articles to the journal. In the 1830s he had supported slavery; by 1846 he became convinced that slavery was wrong. He publically deno He educated more than 3,000 ministers of the Gospel. He achieved distinction as a teacher, as a critical interpreter, preacher, and systematic theologian At conferences he spoke with clearness and logical precision but with spontaneity and tenderness. At the 1872, 50 year Jubilee celebrations 400 of his own pupils, colleagues and representatives from various theological institutes assembled to honour him. Congratulations arrived from across the globe. Devotion to Christ was foremost in his experience, and it was the test by which he judged the experiences of others. Charles died on 19th June 1878 in Princeton. He had enjoyed old age surrounded by his children and grandchildren. To his daughter he said, Dearest don’t weep. To be absent from the body is to be present with the Lord. To be with the Lord is to see him. To see the Lord is to be like him. Source used American Theology

The Alpha course is a basic introduction to Christianity supported by churches of many Christian traditions. The Alpha course has been led by the clergy at Holy Trinity Brompton (HTB) The Alpha course was started in 1977 by Charles Marnham, a curate at (HTB), a parish of the Church of England in London. It was a course a originally meant for church members to help them with the basics of belief commonly held by believers in Christ. It then developed into an introduction for those interested in knowing about Christianity. John Irvine in 1981, a curate at HTB, took over the course and developed it into the 10 week course which continues to this day. Nicky Lee in 1985 and then Nicky Gumbel (1990 - present) , then took over the reigns in the UK. In 1996 the Bishop of London appointed Nicky Gumbel as Alpha Chaplain. Nicky, at the time was still the curate at HTB. In 2005, when the previous vicar Sandy Millar retired, Nicky was installed as vicar of HTB. Under his leadership the course was transformed/developed from one designed for new Christians to one primarily for those outside the church who would not consider themselves Christians. Nicky has written a number of books related to The* Alpha* course. Questions of life - sold 1 million copies, published in 48 languages & voted Christian Book of the year 1994. Plus 7 more books. In the USA Gerard Bramwell Long was responsible for the Alpha course from 2006-14 -(resigned due to daughter drowning). The course grew rapidly in Britain in the 1990s. From 4 courses in 1991 to 2,5000 courses in 1995. In 1998, when it was at its peak, 10,500 courses. In 2001 it had fallen to 7,300. In 2018 the Alpha website described the course as running in over 100 countries, in 100 languages and with 24 million having taken the course. The courses, developed by Nicky Gumbel, are being run by most Christian denominations, throughout the world, with some variation in course material.

Edward is probably best remembered for his hymn All hail the power of Jesus’ name. Edward was born in Sundridge, Kent, England. He was descendant of a French Huguenot family which fled first to Switzerland and then to England to escape religious persecution. Edward was the son of Vincent Perronet, an Anglican priest, who worked closely with John and Charles Wesley for many years during the 18th century revival. Vincent in 1728 became vicar at Shoreham church in Kent. At the time persecution of the new Methodist movement was common and John Wesley noted in his diary that Edward* was thrown down and rolled in the mud and mire* at Bolton. Edward was considered a capable preacher but the did not like preaching in front of John Wesley. On one occasion John announced that Edward would speak. He got up and read Christ’s Sermon on the mount and sat down ! In 1756 in* The Mitre* - the first prominent event in his life, he published a ferocious attack on the Church of England. This created a schism. He became one of the Countess of Huntingdon’s ministers in a chapel in Watling Street, Canterbury. Throughout he was passionate, impulsive strong willed but always lived near his his divine master.* He bursts in full of fire and enthusiasm, yet ebullient and volatile.* Edward eventually became a minister of an independent congregation. In his life time he wrote a number of hymns and published 3 volumes of Christian poems. His hymns were published anonymously in successive volumes .Select passages of the Old and New Testament. A small collection of Hymns. Occasional Verses, moral and sacred. ( The Rev A. B. Grosart gives a critic of Edward’s work on the second page of the Hymnary Sheet) Shortly before he died, on 2nd January 1792, he uttered these words- Glory to God in the height of His divinity! Glory to God in the depth of humanity! Glory to God in His all sufficiency! Into His hands I commend my spirit. Edward was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. At his death he is said to have left a large sum of money to Shrubsole, who was the organist at Spatfield’s Chapel, London, and who had composed the tune ‘Miles Lane’ for All hail the power of Jesus’’ name! I have included one version of* All Hail the power of Jesus’ name.* Sources used Hymnary.org wikipedia

Sir George Williams was an English philanthropist and founder of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA). The YMCA is the oldest and largest youth charity in the world. Its aim is to support young people to belong, contribute and thrive in their communities. George was born into a farming family in Dulverton, Somerset, England. He was youngest of 7 surviving sons of Amos and Elizabeth Williams. He was baptized into the Church of England. His family sent him to Bridgewater to be an apprentice at Henry William Holmes’ draper shop. 1837 saw him change from Anglicanism to the Zion Congregational Church. 1841 he moved to London and worked at Hitchcock& Roger’s drapers shop. He attended the King’s Weigh House Congregational Church. 3 years later(1844) he became departmental manager. On the 6 th June 1844 George, aged just 22, gathered 11 other young drapers into the living quarters of Hitchcock & Rogers to create a place that would not tempt young men to sin. The name . Young men’s Christian Association (YMCA) was suggested by Christopher W. Smith. It promoted Muscular Christianity. George Hitchcock, George’s boss, and future father-in-law, was one of the first converts and contributors to the new association. He became the associations first treasurer. ( See* Founding of YMCA* for full list) In 1853 he married Hitchcock’s daughter Helen Jane Maunder. Hitchcock and taken into partnership at the drapers. When Hitchcock died in 1863 George became sole owner. The YMCA grew. It spread across London. It spread the USA. It reached Canada in 1851. In 1855 it went global. The first YMCA World Conference was organized. This produced the ’ Paris Basis’ - an international agreement about the aims of the YMCA. by 1905 there were 45 YMCAs across the world with a membership of 700,000. In 1894, YMCA’s Silver Jubilee year, George was knighted by Queen Victoria and given the Freedom of the City of London. Sir George died in 1905. The funeral took place in St. Paul’s Cathedral on 14th November, 2,600 attended. He was buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral. There is a commemorative stain glassed window in Westminster Abbey. The YMCA, every year, on Founders Day - 6th June, remember and celebrate the 22 year old, George Williams, who created the largest youth charity in the world. Sources YMCA wikipedia

Brownlow North was an English evangelist. Brownlow was born in Winchester House, Chelsea the only son of Rev, Augustus North. He was the grandson of the former bishop of Winchester, Brownlow North. Brornlow was educated at Eton College, Windsor. For a while he lived with his great uncle Frederick on the island of Corfu. \he fought with Dom Pedro’s army in Portugal before eventually settling in Scotland. He lived a life of pleasure enjoying hunting and gambling. He went to Magdalen Hall, Oxford . In November 1854 he experienced a religious conversion and began to attend Elgin Free Church where he proceeded to engage in public preaching. 1859 he was appointed an evangelist by the Free Church of Scotland. In the same year he became a significant figure in the Ulster revival where he preached to 12,000 at Newtonlimavady. Rabbi Duncan once remarked, on seeing a photograph of Brownlow There is intellect in the brow, genius in the eye, and eloquence in the mouth. Brownlow died on 9th November 1875 and is buried in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. I have included information about his grandfather, Brownlow, the bishop of Winchester Source used wikipedia

Commissioner Elijah Cadman was an evangelist and early member of the Salvation Army - the idea of wearing a uniform was his idea. He stood only 5 feet tall and became known as the ‘Converted Sweep’ and ‘Fiery Elijah’ because of his zeal for preaching. Elijah was born in Coventry on 10thDecember 1843. He was the youngest of 5 children. His father was transported aboard the ’ Equestrian’ to Australia in 1845 for stealing. He started work as a silk weaver along side his mother and one of his sisters. Aged from 6 -13 he found work as a chimney sweep, until it became unlawful. By the time he was 17 he could ’ fight like a devil and drink like a fish.’ Aged 21 he became a Christian having heard a street preacher in Rugby - who had intended to heckle! He abstained from drinking and smoking. He then spent all his spare time as a Methodist lay preacher. Elijah was illiterate and hired a boy to read the Bible to him. He committed large chunks to memory. Aged 22 he married Maria Rosina Russell (1841-1923) in 1865 who taught him to read and write. They had 6 children , 2 died as children. Aged 33 (1876) he sold his house and chimney sweeping business and took his wife and children to London to join William Booth’s The Christian Mission. He was appointed to the Hackney (East London) Christian Mission Station where he visited slums in the day and preached in the streets at night. Elijah was instrumental in the militarization of the language used by the SA. In 1878 Elijah was sent to open The Christian Mission’s campaign in Whitby. He announced the ‘Hallelujah Army’, under Captain Cadman, was declaring war in Whitby. 2,000 at once wanted to join the SA. 3,000 regularly attended the meetings. He announced that the ‘General’ was coming to Review the troops. His reports in the* Christian Mission * magazine were ’ War News’. Later Elijah was put in command of the Yorkshire Corps and made responsible for all the newly named SA s activities in the county. The style of the uniform was decided at the August 1878 Congress, Elijah said , *I would like to wear a suit of clothes that would let everyone know I meant war to the teeth and salvation to the world, 1881 Elijah is now a Major. In 1888 he is appointed to International HQ in London. In 1890 he is a Colonel and first leader of the Men’s Social Work HQ… In later years he held the role of International Commissioner and campaigned for the S.A. abroad in many countries. Until July 1900 he was in charge of the City Colony- a homeless shelter in London. He joined William Booth on all his motorcades around the UK. Elijah and his wife, Marina, retired from active service in 1915. Marina died on 8th Janaury 1923, Elijah died on 12th December 1927 . As prominent Salvationists the couple were buried in Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington. ( Elijah’s uniform etc. is part of the S.A. International Centre’s collection) Sources The Salvation Army wikipedia

Jessie Penn- Lewis’ maiden name was Jessie Jones. She was born in Victoria Terrace, Neath, Wales. Aged 19 she married William Penn-Lewis. She was a Welsh evangelical speaker and author of a number of Christian evangelical works. Her ministry took her to Russia , Scandinavia, Canada , the USA and India. In 1882, 2 years into her marriage, she heard messages about the return of Christ and became concerned about her own spiritual state. By reading the Bible she came to a place of belief and found peace. They moved to Richmond and she became involved with Richmond Young Women’s Christian Association (RYWCA). She lacked confidence when speaking publicly and preparation was painful. In 1892 she wanted answers to Questions. She had asked to be filled not crucified. Romans ch.6 v 6-11 became a power to her. I know the Risen Lord From this time she felt liberty in speaking and experienced power of prayer , the Bible came alive, Christ became real to her. She was asked to give a message The Lord manifested his power and gave liberty. In 4 years the RYWCA numbers rose from 6,900 to 13,000. 1902 Jessie was asked about starting a convention in Wales by a group of Welsh ministers. In 1903 the Llandrindod Wells convention began. Jessie spoke regularly. 1904 revival broke out in Wales. There was spontaneity exhibiting renewed worship or singing, displays of confession, speaking in tongues, signs and wonders. In November she began writing weekly revival reports, The Awakening in Wales drew world wide attention to the movement.The 1904-5 Welsh Revival was one of the largest Christian revivals ever to break out. Jessie became involved in building a national Keswick connection with more making more local yearly conferences accessible. 1906 she spoke out publicly that she believed the Keswick trustees were trying to to limit her ministry due to her gender. Jessie and Evan Roberts founded The Overcomer (1908-14) (1920+), a monthly periodical, clearly aimed at Christian workers and helping to maintain communication within the Keswick network. In 1919 she wrote The Magna Carta Of Christian Women Jessie ran 8* The Overcomer conferences in Swanwick (1919-27) By this time her health had deteriorated, William had died and she was living in a flat. Early in her ministry with RYWCA she made it a priority for young women to be sent out as missionaries. She also encouraged and mentored others through personal correspondence. With an extensive speaking and writing ministry she reached people with the Gospel message across the world. HerThe Bible Booklet . whose distribution spanned the globe, helped spread the Gospel. Jessie would probably like to be remember for her emphasis on the priority of the cross.** Looking unto Jesus** and the power and strength of the Holy Spirit. Jessie died on August 15th, 1927. List of* Works* and History of Keswick Ministries included Sources CBE History- Keswick Ministries wikipedia

John Cannick was an early Methodist and Moravian evangelist and hymn writer. He was born in Reading, Berkshire, England to an Anglican family, originally from Bohemia, and raised in the Church of England. Aged 9 he heard his dying aunt proclaim Last night the Lord stood by me and invited me to drink of the fountain of life freely and I shall stand before the Lord as bold as a lion . These words stayed with him for many years. He dreaded going to bed in case he would end up in hell. He prayed each night that he would be good the next day - he never succeeded. Aged 13 and from humble means he left school to find an apprenticeship. 8 times he made the trip to London but failed to get a job. From 17-19 he suffered from depression. His conversion He entered St. Lawrence church, Reading on the 6th September, in 1937. Heard these words from Psalm 34 v19-22b Great are the troubles of the righteous, but the Lord delivered him out of them all. And he putteth his trust in God shall not be desolate. His heart danced. He heard Jesus say* I am they salvation*. ( Read The conversion of John Cennick) John worked as a surveyor in Reading. He read the writings of George W.hitfield he met the Wesleys. John joined the growing Methodist movement .He began to write hymns. Charles Wesley wrote in his Diary* I corrected Mr, Cennick’s hymns for the press* (July 1739). In 1740, on John Wesley’s recommendation, he taught at Kingswood, England. On Kingswood Hill a crowd of colliers had assembled for a service. The expected preacher did not show up, John stepped into the breach. When Whitfield returned from America John was asked to join him on his preaching tours. In 1745 John went over to the Morovians and went to Germany to study their doctrines. In 1747 Baptists heard him preach and invited him to Dublin. After differences with his hosts he concentrated on Ulster. Between 1747-52 he founded 220 Moravian Societies and helped to establish Evangelicalism in Ireland. John spent time in England and Ireland as an itinerant evangelist. Enduring aat times violent opposition. By the time of his death in 1755 he had established 40 churches. Throughout the rest of his short career and life he published several collections of hymns. His conversion came during a normal church service and not even through preaching but through the reading of a Psalm. We see how God uses ‘normal’ worhship to bring people to himself. Too often we underestimate the importance of the normal church service. Sources used Evangelical Times wikipedia

John Ioannou John (b 2nd June 1958) is best known as J.John. He is an international evangelist and author based in the U.K… He was born in London of Greek parents who were owners and managers of a local restaurant in London. J.John started his career in 1976 as a psychiatric nurse at Napsbury hospital in St. Albans, England. In 1978 he went to St. John’s Theological College in Nottingham. While there in 1980 he worked at the Christian Renewal centre in Northern Ireland. He took part in reconciliation work as a member of the community, including volunteering at the local prison. Under the leadership of David and Joyce Nugget he became Director of Evangelism at St. Nicholas’ church in Nottingham. He also began to work as an itinerant evangelist travelling the country and speaking at universities, churches and other venues. J.John established the Philo Trust as a charity in Nottingham in 1980 today it is situated in Chorelywood, England. The purpose of the trust is to support J.John and his associates in their ministry. ‘Philo’ is the Greek for brotherly love He has completed 1000s of speaking engagements at conferences, towns, cities and universities across the world - 69 countries on 6 continents. Ten which became just 10 - the teaching of the 10 commandments began in January 1998 and was televised. Since then * just 10 Toolkit* -2 DVD courses for churches and small groups (2010). * just 10 for Kids* - online resource and book (2013) . The DVD has reached an audience of over 1 million. 7,500 books sold or given away. Pope Francis has copy of the book. (Read* just 10* ) JustOne - the use of stadiums because John J. , In Winchester Cathedral, heard a voice say * Now is the time to step up and use football stadiums for evangelism again*. Saturday, 8th July 2017 at Arsenal’s Emirate Stadium was the venue for the first one - just under 24, 000 attended. (Read ‘Just One’) Since 1988 J John has authored over 60 books. There are 1,000, 000 copies of his books in circulation. Awards and recognition 1998 received a Lambeth MA from Archbishop George Carey. 2003 appointed an Honorary Canon of Coventry Cathedral 2012 ordained Presbyter and Canon Missioner by Bishop David Carr *J.John is a speaker of national and international repute. I regard the work of J.John as being of primary importance. * Lord Cary, former Archbishop of Canterbury Sources used Eden,co.uk wikipedia