A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet provides a comprehensive summary of revision notes on the topic of monohybrid inheritance and Gregor Mendel's classic experiments. The worksheet requires missing words to be entered in the appropriate spaces. Once complete, students have a set of revision notes for their file. The second worksheet provides all the answers, making it possible to set this as a homework exercise that students can then self mark back in class. Key words: Mendel, monohybrid, cross, genetics, inheritance

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource consists of four multiple choice questions designed to test understanding of A,B,O blood group genetics and inheritance.

A worksheet that recaps the basics of monohybrid cross diagrams using a (hypothetical) pink sheepdog as an example! The worksheet provides a template for students to organise and lay out their work clearly and finsihes with a challenge question requiring students to explain why predicted ratios do not necessarily match actual ratios. Key words: monohybrid, test, back, cross, predicted, inheritance, dominant, recessive

A worksheet aimed at advanced level biology students, this resource focuses on the nature of chromosomes, the difference between haploid and diploid cells, the concept of a gene locus and the appearance of chromosomes at different stages of cell division - students are often confused by the single stranded versus double stranded chromosomes and so this is a useful exercise to undertake at the start of any topic involving mitosis or meiosis. Key words: chromosomes, meiosis, mitosis, genetics, locus, allele, diploid, haploid

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet provides a template for students to work through Gregor Mendel's classic pea breeding experiments showing the results of the genetic cross. The template includes prompts for students to set out their working clearly, showing parental phenotype, genotype, gametes and offspring genotype and phenotype. The second page of the worksheet provides a template for students to work through an analysis of Gregor Mendel's actual results using the chi-squared test. A data table is included in order to determine whether results are significant or not; note that this is one of the rare cases where non-significance (between observed and expected data) actually lends weight to a theory - Mendel's results are not significantly different to those proposed by his theory. Key words: Mendel, genetics, pea, breeding, cross, diagrams, monohybrid, chi-squared, statistics, observed, expected, data

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource consists of eight questions that focus on both multiple alleles and codominance. The examples chosen include fur colour in cats, hair colour in cattle and the appearance of the (fictional) American Bigfoot! A good resource to use as either a starter or plenary exercise to test understanding of either codominance or multiple alleles and phenotypic ratios. Key words: genetics, phenotype, codominance, multiple alleles, monohybrid

A worksheet aimed at advanced level biology students, this resource recaps understanding of the movement and appearance of chromosomes during meiosis. The worksheet also asks students to consider the underlying reasons for an unusual karyotype (Klinefelter's syndrome) and how this relates to the process of meiotic cell division. Keywords: Klinefelter's syndrome, meiosis, division, chromosomes, cells, non-disjunction, mutation, disorder, genes, loci, haploid, diploid

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource aims to clarify details that students often struggle with in their understanding of meiosis. The worksheet requires students to draw a pair of chromosomes in a cell that will undergo meiotic cell division; students are asked to label the pair of chromosomes with genes and show the appearance of these chromosomes after DNA replication has occured, after meiosis I and after meiosis II. The worksheet also includes questions that students are required to answer in order to test their understanding of meiosis. This resource is a valuable exercise to conduct with students in order to identify and address misconceptions/misunderstandings that can often occur in this topic. Keywords: meiosis, chromosomes, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, DNA, replication, diploid, haploid, gene, loci, heterozygous, homozygous

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource provides a labelling task on the structure of the eye followed by a matching task that relates structural features to their function. The worksheet concludes by looking at how the eye focuses and the details of what happens to the lens and associated structures. This is a good resource when introducing the topic on the eye and dealing with the basic details of how the eye functions. Key words: Retina, Eye, rods, cones, sclera, choroid, bipolar cell, ganglion cell, sensory neurone, blind spot, fovea, visual axis, lens, suspensory ligament, ciliary muscles, pupil, iris

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet provides a diagram of a transverse section of dicotyledenous root with associated questions. The questions focus on labelling each tissue layer within the root, identifying the route that water and minerals would take as they move through the root and how active transport of minerals leads to absorption of water by osmosis. Key words: osmosis, water potential, apoplast, symplast, cell wall, casparian strip, active transport, minerals, epidermis, endodermis, root hair cells, cortex, xylem

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet provides diagrams and questions that relate to how water is absorbed into roots, transported via xylem vessels to leaves and ultimately lost to the atmosphere through transpiration. The first page of the worksheet deals with the different pathways through which water is absorbed into a root while the second page focuses on mechanisms of water transport through the xylem (including root pressure, capilliarity and cohesion-tension theory). This is a useful resource to revise this topic and neatly summarises the main points in one worksheet. Key words: osmosis, water potential, apoplast, symplast, cell wall, casparian strip, active transport, minerals, epidermis, endodermis, root hair cells, cortex, xylem, transpiration, cohesion-tension, root pressure, capilliarity

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this worksheet links topics on osmosis and transpiration. The worksheet begins with a recap of basic knowledge related to osmosis, predicting water movement between cells through use of their water potential values. The worksheet then moves on to consider water potential gradients that exist through an entire plant followed by the structure (as seen in longitudinal and transverse section) of roots. Key words: osmosis, water potential, apoplast, symplast, cell wall, casparian strip, active transport, minerals, epidermis, endodermis, root hair cells, cortex, xylem, transpiration

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource bridges understanding of the liver and kidney's functions in the body. The worksheet looks at the nature of excretory products in different animals (ammonia, urea and uric acid) and the link between water availability, solubility and choice of excretory product. A good resource to build synoptic knowledge on these topics with students. Key words: excretion, liver, kidney, urea, uric acid, ammonia, ornithine cycle

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students studying the details of the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney. The worksheet consists of seven questions (with a diagram for reference) that looks at the adaptations of pct cells, mechanisms of reuptake, absorption of water and the effect of diabetes on reuptake of glucose. Key words: kidney, transplant, dialysis, glomerulus, filtration, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct, aldosterone, anti diuretic hormone, osmosis, reuptake, hydrostatic pressure

A resource aimed at advanced biology students, this comprehensive four-page worksheet covers an overview of kidney anatomy, blood vessel arrangements, filtration at the glomerulus and interpretation of micrograph images of podocytes at the renal capsule. Key words: kidney, transplant, dialysis, glomerulus, filtration, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct, aldosterone, anti diuretic hormone, osmosis, reuptake, hydrostatic pressure

A comprehensive worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource focuses on the role of the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule and loop of Henle in the kidney. Included in this resource: 1. Starter task review of the glomerulus with application questions on three different kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, minimal change glomerulonephritis and membranous gloerulonephritis) 2. Question sheet and diagram on selective reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule 3. Question sheet and diagram on concentration of glomerular filtrate in the loop of Henle Key words: kidney, transplant, dialysis, glomerulus, filtration, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct, aldosterone, anti diuretic hormone, osmosis, reuptake, hydrostatic pressure

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource provides 21 factual questions (a 'what am I?' quiz) that recaps key word vocabulary on the topic of the kidney and osmoregulation. The worksheet continues with a sequencing exercise on the negative feedback mechanisms of osmoregulation. Key words: kidney, transplant, dialysis, glomerulus, filtration, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, collecting duct, aldosterone, anti diuretic hormone, osmosis, reuptake, hydrostatic pressure

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource is useful as either a starter or plenary task for the topic of glucose homeostasis. The worksheet provides a negative feedback flow diagram and questions on the specific roles of insulin and glucagon. Key words: insulin, glucagon, glucose, glycogen, negative feedback

This resource is aimed at advanced biology students and includes two differentiated practical schedules for the observation of phototactic behaviour in blowfly larvae (maggotts). Both schedules include a brief introduction to the nature of taxis behaviour, followed by details of the practical task. A table to collate data is provided, followed by a step-by-step method of using the chi-squared test to assess statistical significance. The worksheet for higher ability students also contains extra challenge questions on the reason for statistical testing and the rationale for using chi-squared. Key words: behaviour, blowfly larvae, maggotts, statistics, phototaxis, light, response, chi-squared

A worksheet aimed at advanced biology students, this resource provides a series of questions to recap the basic microscopic structure of muscle fibres and their arrangement. Key words: Muscle, fibre, myofibril, contraction, actin, myosin, A-band, I-band, H-zone