We understand the importance of education. We offer tailored private tuition designed to maximise success at GCSE, A Level and beyond. Our tutors are experienced professionals, teachers and top-tier graduates with extensive knowledge in their subjects.
On Tes we offer high quality board-specific resources. Please check back regularly as we are continually updating our stock.
We understand the importance of education. We offer tailored private tuition designed to maximise success at GCSE, A Level and beyond. Our tutors are experienced professionals, teachers and top-tier graduates with extensive knowledge in their subjects.
On Tes we offer high quality board-specific resources. Please check back regularly as we are continually updating our stock.
Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 3.28 - Understand how division of a diploid cell by mitosis produces two cells that contain identical sets of chromosomes.
Specification Point 3.29 - Understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction.
Specification Point 3.30 - Understand how division of a cell by meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, and that this results in the formation of genetically different haploid gametes.
Complete set of Chapter 5 Lessons are available.
Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 2.59 - Describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.
Specification Point 2.60 - Understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy.
Specification Point 2.61 - Understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin.
Specification Point 2.62 - Understand how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen.
Complete set of Chapter 3 Lessons are available.
Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 2.7 - Identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
Specification Point 2.8 - Describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units.
Complete set of Chapter 1 Lessons are available.
Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 3.19 - Understand how genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics.
Specification Point 3.20 - Understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, and genotype.
Specification Point 3.21B - Understand the meaning of the term codominance.
Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.
Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 4.7.5.1 - Food security.
Specification Point 4.7.5.2 - Farming techniques.
Specification Point 4.7.5.3 - Sustainable fisheries.
Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.
A useful resource for students to practice their knowledge and examination technique for future external assessments.
The questions found in these papers are completely original and have been designed from scratch. There has been no reuse of previous exam questions.
This is for the following papers: 4SD0 - 1B, 1C and 1P
For 1B:
Our mock paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Biology 1B paper closely, with the CORMS and graph question included. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 2d - Movement of substances into and out of cells (including practical 2.17 (2.15 – 2.17)
• Topic 2g - Gas exchange (including practical 2.50) (2.46 – 2.50)
• Topic 2h - Transport (2.51 – 2.54, 2.59 – 2.62, 2.65 – 2.69)
• Topic 2j - Co-ordination and response (2.80 – 2.94)
• Topic 3a - Reproduction (3.1 – 3.9, 3.11 – 3.13)
• Topic 3b - Inheritance (3.14 – 3.15, 3.19 – 3.20, 3.22 – 3.34, 3.38 – 3.39)
• Topic 5b - Selective breeding (5.10 – 5.11)
For 1C:
Our mock paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 1C paper closely. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 1a - States of matter (1.1 – 1.4)
• Topic 1c - Atomic structure (1.14 – 1.17)
• Topic 1e - Chemical formulae, equations and calculations (including practical 1.36) (1.25 – 1.33, 1.36)
• Topic 1g - Covalent bonding (1.44 – 1.51)
• Topic 2c - Gases in the atmosphere (2.9 – 2.14)
• Topic 2h - Chemical tests (2.44 – 2.50)
• Topic 3b - Rates of reaction (3.9 – 3.13)
• Topic 4b - Crude oil (4.7 – 4.18)
• Topic 4c - Alkanes (4.19 – 4.22)
For 1P:
Our mock paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Physics 1P paper closely. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 1b - Movement and position (including practical 1.5) (1.3 – 1.10)
• Topic 2c - Energy and voltage in circuits (2.7 – 2.21)
• Topic 3b - Properties of waves (3.2 – 3.9)
• Topic 4b - Energy transfers (4.2 – 4.10)
• Topic 5b - Density and pressure (5.3 – 5.7)
• Topic 7b - Radioactivity (7.2 – 7.15)
• Topic 8b - Motion in the universe (8.2 – 8.6)
Disclaimer: This document was created by department heads with many years of experience teaching the Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Science course. We cannot however guarantee that it is an accurate representation of upcoming examinations and students should not treat it as such. Please use this as an aid, alongside other methods of revision.
Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Biology (4BI0) Chapter 1 - Living Organisms. Contains colour coded specification points with handmade vector graphics. Nine presentations included:
1 - Characteristics of Living Organisms
2 - Variety of Living Organisms
3 - Organisation and Cell Structure
4 - Cell Differentiation
5 - Biological Molecules
6 - Food Tests
7 - Enzymes
8 - Enzymes and pH
9 - Movement Across Membranes
The complete Edexcel IGCSE Biology course from start to finish. Huge bundle of resources with every topic covered.
Be sure to check out our presentations!
Complete set of companion PDF worksheets for Edexcel IGCSE Biology (4BI0) Chapters 1 - 7. This pack contains 62 worksheets, including:
1 - Characteristics of Living Organisms
2 - Variety of Living Organisms
3 - Organisation and Cell Structure
4 - Cell Differentiation
5 - Biological Molecules
6 - Food Tests
7 - Enzymes
8 - Enzymes and pH
9 - Movement Across Membranes
10 - Nutrition in Plants
11 - The Leaf
12 - Investigating Photosynthesis
13 - Human Nutrition
14 - The Digestive System
15 - Digestion and Absorption
16 - Energy in Food
17 - Respiration
18 - Gas Exchange in Plants
19 - Ventilation
20 - The Alveoli and Lung Disease
21 - Transport Mechanisms
22 - Transpiration
23 - The Blood
24 - Vaccination
25 - The Heart
26 - The Circulatory System
27 - Excretion
28 - The Kidneys
29 - Coordination
30 - Coordination in Plants
31 - Coordnation in Animals
32 - Reflexes and the Eye
33 - Controlling Body Temperature
34 - Hormones
35 - More Hormones
36 - Reproduction
37 - Reproduction in Plants
38 - Human Reproductive Systems and the Menstrual Cycle
39 - FSH and LH
40 - Pregnancy and Puberty
41 - DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
42 - Nucleic Acids
43 - Inheritance and Codominance
44 - Genetic Diagrams
45 - Cell Division
46 - Variation in a Species
47 - Mutations
48 - Evolution
49 - Ecosystems
50 - Biodiversity
51 - Biotic and Abiotic Factors
52 - Feeding Relationships
53 - The Carbon Cycle
54 - The Nitrogen Cycle
55 - Pollution and Global Warming
56 - Deforestation
57 - Crop Production
58 - Microorganisms for Food
59 - Fish Farming
60 - Selective Breeding
61 - Genetic Modification
62 - Cloning
Back by popular demand for a third year! Our heads of department have once again been hard at work to create a series of predicted exams for Summer 2024!
Look no further, the complete set of Edexcel IGCSE Separate Science (4SS0) predicted exams. 6 full papers with mark schemes.
These questions are completely original and have been designed from scratch. There has been no reuse of previous exam questions.
This is for the following papers: 4BI1 - 1B and 2B; 4CH1 - 1C and 2C; 4PH1 - 1P and 2P.
For 1B:
Our predicted paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Biology 1B paper closely, with the CORMS and graph question included. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 1b - Variety of living organisms (1.2 - 1.4)
• Topic 2b - Cell structure (2.2 - 2.3)
• Topic 2c - Biological molecules (2.8 - 2.9)
• Topic 2e - Nutrition (2.18 - 2.32)
• Topic 2g - Gas exchange (2.49)
• Topic 3a - Reproduction (3.2 - 3.9)
• Topic 3b - Inheritance (3.14 - 3.39)
• Topic 4b - Feeding relationships (4.6 - 4.9)
• Topic 4d - Human influences on the environment (4.14 - 4.17)
• Topic 5a - Food production (5.5 - 5.8)
For 2B:
Our predicted paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Biology 2B paper closely. The obligatory comprehension question is also included. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 2e - Nutrition (2.25 - 2.28)
• Topic 2i - Excretion (2.72B - 2.76B)
• Topic 2j - Coordination and response (2.83 - 2.92)
• Topic 3a - Reproduction (3.3 - 3.7)
• Topic 3b - Inheritance (3.16B - 3.18B)
• Topic 4c - Cycles within ecosystems (4.11B - 4.15)
• Topic 5a - Food production (5.9B)
• Topic 5d - Cloning (5.17B - 5.18B)
For 1C:
Our predicted paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 1C paper closely. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 1c - Atomic structure (1.14 - 1.17)
• Topic 1d - The periodic table (1.18 - 1.24)
• Topic 1e - Chemical formulae, equations and calculations (1.25 - 1.33)
• Topic 1f - Ionic bonding (1.37 - 1.41)
• Topic 1g - Covalent bonding (1.44 - 1.47)
• Topic 2a - Group 1 (2.1 - 2.3)
• Topic 2c - Gases in the atmosphere (2.10 - 2.14)
• Topic 2g - Acids, bases and salt preparations (2.35 - 2.39)
• Topic 2h - Chemical tests (2.44 – 2.50)
• Topic 3a - Energetics (3.1 - 3.4)
• Topic 3b - Rates of reaction (3.12 - 3.13)
• Topic 3c - Reversible reactions and equilibria (3.17)
• Topic 4a - Hydrocarbons (4.1 - 4.6)
• Topic 4c - Alkanes (4.19 - 4.22)
• Topic 4h - Synthetic polymers (4.44 - 4.47)
For 2C:
Our predicted paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 2C paper closely. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 1b - Elements, compounds and mixtures (1.8 - 1.10)
• Topic 1i - Electrolysis (1.55C - 1.60C)
• Topic 1e - Chemical formulae, equations and calculations (1.25 - 1.33)
• Topic 2e - Extraction and uses of metals (2.22C - 2.27C)
• Topic 2f - Acids, alkalis and titrations (2.28 - 2.33C)
• Topic 3c - Reversible reactions and equilibria (3.17 - 3.22C)
• Topic 4f - Carboxylic acids (4.34C - 4.35C)
• Topic 4g - Esters (4.38C - 4.42C)
For 1P:
Our predicted paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Physics 1P paper closely. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 1b - Movement and position (1.6 - 1.9)
• Topic 1c - Forces, movement, shape and momentum (1.13 - 1.24)
• Topic 2c - Energy and voltage in circuits (3.2 - 3.9)
• Topic 3b - Properties of waves (3.10 - 3.13)
• Topic 3d - Light and sound (3.14 - 3.23)
• Topic 4b - Energy resources and energy transfers (4.2 - 4.4)
• Topic 4c - Work and power (4.14 - 4.17)
• Topic 5b - Density and pressure (5.3 - 5.7)
• Topic 6c - Electromagnetism (6.8, 6.13 - 6.14)
• Topic 7b - Radioactivity (7.2 - 7.16)
• Topic 7c - Fission and fusion (7.17 - 7.19)
• Topic 8b - Motion in the universe (8.3 - 8.6)
For 2P:
Our mock paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Physics 2P paper closely. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 1c - Forces, movement, shape and momentum (1.25P - 1.33P)
• Topic 2d - Electric charge (2.22P - 2.28P)
• Topic 3d - Light and sound (3.23 - 3.27P)
• Topic 4d - Energy resources and electricity generation (4.18P - 4.19P)
• Topic 5c - Changes of state (5.13P)
• Topic 6c - Electromagnetism (6.9P - 6.19P)
• Topic 8c - Stellar evolution (8.7 - 8.11P)
• Topic 8d - Cosmology (8.13P - 8.18P)
Disclaimer: This document was created by department heads with many years of experience teaching the Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Science course. We cannot however guarantee that it is an accurate representation of the 2024 examinations and students should not treat it as such. Please use this as an aid, alongside other methods of revision.
Back by popular demand for a third year! Our heads of department have once again been hard at work to create a series of predicted exams for Summer 2024!
These questions are completely original and have been designed from scratch. There has been no reuse of previous exam questions.
This is for the following papers: 4BI1 - 1B and 4BI1 - 2B.
For 1B:
Our predicted paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Biology 1B paper closely, with the CORMS and graph question included. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 1b - Variety of living organisms (1.2 - 1.4)
• Topic 2b - Cell structure (2.2 - 2.3)
• Topic 2c - Biological molecules (2.8 - 2.9)
• Topic 2e - Nutrition (2.18 - 2.32)
• Topic 2g - Gas exchange (2.49)
• Topic 3a - Reproduction (3.2 - 3.9)
• Topic 3b - Inheritance (3.14 - 3.39)
• Topic 4b - Feeding relationships (4.6 - 4.9)
• Topic 4d - Human influences on the environment (4.14 - 4.17)
• Topic 5a - Food production (5.5 - 5.8)
For 2B:
Our predicted paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Biology 2B paper closely. The obligatory comprehension question is also included. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 2e - Nutrition (2.25 - 2.28)
• Topic 2i - Excretion (2.72B - 2.76B)
• Topic 2j - Coordination and response (2.83 - 2.92)
• Topic 3a - Reproduction (3.3 - 3.7)
• Topic 3b - Inheritance (3.16B - 3.18B)
• Topic 4c - Cycles within ecosystems (4.11B - 4.15)
• Topic 5a - Food production (5.9B)
• Topic 5d - Cloning (5.17B - 5.18B)
Disclaimer: This document was created by department heads with many years of experience teaching the Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Biology course. We cannot however guarantee that it is an accurate representation of the 2024 examinations and students should not treat it as such. Please use this as an aid, alongside other methods of revision.
Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 3.5.3 - Energy and ecosystems.
Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.
Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 1.2 - Describe the common features shown by eukaryotic organisms: plants, animals, fungi and protoctista.
Specification Point 1.3 - Describe the common features shown by prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria.
Specification Point 1.4 - Understand the term pathogen and know that pathogens may include the following: fungi, bacteria, protoctista and viruses.
Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.
Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 1.2 - Describe the common features shown by eukaryotic organisms: plants, animals, fungi and protoctista.
Specification Point 1.3 - Describe the common features shown by prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria.
Specification Point 1.4 - Understand the term pathogen and know that pathogens may include the following: fungi, bacteria, protoctista and viruses.
Complete set of Chapter 1 Lessons are available.
Complete set of concise, modern presentations and associated PDF worksheets for Edexcel IGCSE Biology (4BI0) Chapter 6 - Ecology and the Environment. Contains colour coded specification points with handmade vector graphics. Eight presentations and companion worksheets included:
49 - Ecosystems
50 - Biodiversity
51 - Biotic and Abiotic Factors
52 - Feeding Relationships
53 - The Carbon Cycle
54 - The Nitrogen Cycle
55 - Pollution and Global Warming
56 - Deforestation
The complete Edexcel IGCSE Double Award Science Course. Includes Biology, Chemistry and Physics Over 1500 slides! Huge bundle of resources with every topic covered. Unbeatable value. The definitive collection.
Includes:
Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Double Award Science (Biology) (4SD0). Contains colour coded specification points with handmade vector graphics. 46 presentations included:
1 - Characteristics of Living Organisms
2 - Variety of Living Organisms
3 - Organisation and Cell Structure
5 - Biological Molecules
6 - Food Tests
7 - Enzymes
9 - Movement Across Membranes
10 - Nutrition in Plants
11 - The Leaf
12 - Investigating Photosynthesis
13 - Human Nutrition
14 - The Digestive System
15 - Digestion and Absorption
17 - Respiration
19 - Ventilation
20 - The Alveoli and Lung Disease
21 - Transport Mechanisms
23 - The Blood
25 - The Heart
26 - The Circulatory System
27 - Excretion
29 - Coordination
30 - Coordination in Plants
31 - Coordnation in Humans
32 - Reflexes and the Eye
33 - Controlling Body Temperature
34 - Hormones
36 - Reproduction
37 - Reproduction in Plants
38 - Human Reproductive Systems and the Menstrual Cycle
40 - Pregnancy and Puberty
41 - DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
43 - Inheritance and Codominance
44 - Genetic Diagrams
45 - Cell Division
46 - Variation in a Species
48 - Evolution
49 - Ecosystems
50 - Biodiversity
51 - Biotic and Abiotic Factors
52 - Feeding Relationships
53 - The Carbon Cycle
55 - Pollution and Global Warming
57 - Crop Production
58 - Microorganisms for Food
60 - Selective Breeding
61 - Genetic Modification
Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Double Award Science (Chemistry) (4SD0). Contains colour coded specification points with handmade vector graphics. 26 presentations included:
1 - States of Matter
2 - Solutions and Solubility
4 - Elements, Compounds and Mixture
5 - Methods of Separation
6 - Paper Chromatography
7 - Atoms and Molecules
8 - The Periodic Table
9 - Formulae and Calculations
10 - Formulae and Calculations Part 2
12 - Ionic Bonding
13 - Covalent Bonding
16 - Group 1 Elements
17 - Group 7 Elements
18 - Atmospheric Gases
19 - Metals and the Reactivity Series
21 - Acids and Alkalis
23 - Acids, Bases and Salts
25 - Chemical Tests
26 - Energetics
28 - Rates of Reaction
29 - Reversible Reactions
31 - Organic Compounds
32 - Crude Oil
33 - Burning Hydrocarbons
34 - Alkanes and Alkenes
37 - Addition Polymers
Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Double Award Science (Physics) (4SD0). Contains colour coded specification points with handmade vector graphics. 25 presentations included:
1 - Distance and Speed
2 - Acceleration
3 - Forces
4 - Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
5 - Gravity, Weight and Drag
6 - Hooke’s Law
9 - Mains Electricity
10 - Power, Current and Voltage
11 - Circuits Part 1
12 - Circuits Part 2
14 - Waves
15 - Electromagnetic Waves
16 - Reflection and Refraction
18 - Energy
19 - Thermal Energy
20 - Work and Power
22 - Density and Pressure
24 - Ideal Gases
25 - Magnetism
26 - Electromagnets Part 1
28 - Radioactivity Part 1
29 - Radioactivity Part 2
30 - Fission and Fusion
31 - The Universe
32 - The Evolution of Stars
The Separate Award Science course is also available for purchase.
Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 3.2.1.1 - Structure of eukaryotic cells.
Complete set of Chapter 2 Lectures are available.
Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Biology Lecture 37 - Reproduction in Plants. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions.
Specification Point 3.3 - Describe the structures of an insect-pollinated and a wind-pollinated flower and explain how each is adapted for pollination.
Specification Point 3.4 - Understand that the growth of the pollen tube followed by fertilisation leads to seed and fruit formation.
Specification Point 3.5 - Practical: investigate the conditions needed for seed germination.
Specification Point 3.6 - Understand how germinating seeds utilise food reserves until the seedling can carry out photosynthesis.
Specification Point 3.7 - Understand that plants can reproduce asexually by natural methods (illustrated by runners) and by artificial methods (illustrated by cuttings).
Complete set of Chapter 5 Worksheets are available.
Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format:
Specification Point 2.24 - Understand that a balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre.
Specification Point 2.25 - Identify the sources and describe the functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and oils), vitamins A, C and D, the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet.
Specification Point 2.26 - Understand how energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy.
Complete set of Chapter 2 Lectures are available.
A useful resource for students to practice their knowledge and examination technique for future external assessments.
The questions found in these papers are completely original and have been designed from scratch. There has been no reuse of previous exam questions.
This is for the following papers: 4BI1 - 1B and 4BI1 - 2B.
For 1B:
Our mock paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Biology 1B paper closely, with the CORMS and graph question included. It is also the exact duration and mark-count, with questions of increasing difficulty. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 2d Movement of substances into and out of cells (including practical 2.17 (2.15 – 2.17)
• Topic 2g Gas exchange (including practical 2.50) (2.46 – 2.50)
• Topic 2h Transport (2.51 – 2.54, 2.59 – 2.62, 2.65 – 2.69)
• Topic 2j Co-ordination and response (2.80 – 2.94)
• Topic 3a Reproduction (3.1 – 3.9, 3.11 – 3.13)
• Topic 3b Inheritance (3.14 – 3.15, 3.19 – 3.20, 3.22 – 3.34, 3.38 – 3.39)
• Topic 5b Selective breeding (5.10 – 5.11)
For 2B:
Our mock paper follows the format of the true Edexcel IGCSE Biology 2B paper closely. The obligatory comprehension question is also included. A mark scheme is also attached.
The paper covers the following specification points:
• Topic 2c Biological molecules (including practical 2.9 and practical 2.14B) (2.7 – 2.14B)
• Topic 2g Gas exchange (including practical 2.45B) (2.40B – 2.50)
• Topic 2i Excretion (2.70 – 2.79B)
• Topic 3b Inheritance (3.14 – 3.39)
• Topic 4c Cycles within ecosystems (4.10 – 4.11B)
• Topic 4d Human influences on the environment (4.12 – 4.18B)
Disclaimer: This document was created by department heads with many years of experience teaching the Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Biology course. We cannot however guarantee that it is an accurate representation of upcoming examinations and students should not treat it as such. Please use this as an aid, alongside other methods of revision.