Powerpoint lecture and associated PDF worksheet covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.38C - Know that esters contain the functional group -COO-. Specification Point 4.39C - Know that ethyl ethanoate is the ester produced when ethanol and ethanoic acid react in the presence of an acid catalyst. Specification Point 4.40C - Understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of ethyl ethanoate. Specification Point 4.41C - Understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of an ester, given the name or formula of the alcohol and carboxylic acid from which it is formed and vice versa. Specification Point 4.42C - Know that esters are volatile compounds with distinctive smells and are used as food flavourings and in perfumes. Specification Point 4.43C - Practical: prepare a sample of an ester such as ethyl ethanoate. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lessons are available.

Companion PDF worksheet for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Lecture 36 - Esters. Contains short answer questions, an activity requiring lateral thinking and exam-style questions. Specification Point 4.38C - Know that esters contain the functional group -COO-. Specification Point 4.39C - Know that ethyl ethanoate is the ester produced when ethanol and ethanoic acid react in the presence of an acid catalyst. Specification Point 4.40C - Understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of ethyl ethanoate. Specification Point 4.41C - Understand how to write the structural and displayed formulae of an ester, given the name or formula of the alcohol and carboxylic acid from which it is formed and vice versa. Specification Point 4.42C - Know that esters are volatile compounds with distinctive smells and are used as food flavourings and in perfumes. Specification Point 4.43C - Practical: prepare a sample of an ester such as ethyl ethanoate.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.1.1.2 - Mass number and isotopes. Specification Point 3.1.2.1 - Relative atomic mass and relative molecular mass. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.1.1.3 - Electron configuration. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.8 - Understand how to classify a substance as an element, compound or mixture. Specification Point 1.9 - Understand that a pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point, but that a mixture may melt or boil over a range of temperatures. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.52C - Know how to represent a metallic lattice by a 2-D diagram. Specification Point 1.53C - Understand metallic bonding in terms of electrostatic attractions. Specification Point 1.54C - Explain typical physical properties of metals, including electrical conductivity and malleability. Complete set of Chapter 3 Lectures are available.

Complete set of concise, modern presentations for Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry (4CH1) Chapter 4 - Bonding. Contains colour coded specification points. Five presentations included: 16 - Group 1 Elements 17 - Group 7 Elements 18 - Atmospheric Gases 19 - Metals and the Reactivity Series 20 - The Uses of Metals

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.1 - Understand how the similarities in the reactions of the group 1 elements with water provide evidence for their recognition as a family of elements. Specification Point 2.2 - Understand how the differences between the reactions of the alkali metals with air and water provide evidence for the trend in reactivity in group 1. Specification Point 2.3 - Use knowledge of trends in group 1 to predict the properties of other alkali metals. Specification Point 2.4C - Explain the trend in reactivity in group 1 in terms of electronic configurations. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.22C - Know that most metals are extracted from ores found in the Earth’s crust and that unreactive metals are often found as the uncombined element. Specification Point 2.23C - Explain how the method of extraction of a metal is related to its position in the reactivity series, illustrated by carbon extraction for iron and electrolysis for aluminium. Specification Point 2.24C - Be able to comment on a metal extraction process, given appropriate information. Specification Point 2.25C - Explain the uses of aluminium, copper, iron and steel in terms of their properties. Specification Point 2.26C - Know that an alloy is a mixture of a metal and one or more elements, usually other metals or carbon. Specification Point 2.27C - Explain why alloys are harder than pure metals. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.25 - Understand how to write word equations and balanced chemical equations (including state symbols). Specification Point 1.26 - Calculate relative formula masses (including relative molecular masses) from relative atomic masses. Specification Point 1.27 - Know that the mole is the unit for the amount of a substance. Specification Point 1.28 - Understand how to carry out calculations involving amount of substance, relative atomic mass and relative formula mass. Complete set of Chapter 2 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 1.14 - Know what is meant by the terms atom and molecule. Specification Point 1.15 - Know the structure of an atom in terms of the positions, relative masses and relative charges of subatomic particles. Specification Point 1.16 - Know what is meant by the terms atomic number, mass number, isotopes and relative atomic mass (Ar). Complete set of Chapter 2 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.34 - Know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water. Specification Point 2.35 - Understand acids and bases in terms of proton transfer. Specification Point 2.36 - Understand that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor. Specification Point 2.37 - Describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid with metals, bases and metal carbonates to form salts. Specification Point 2.38 - Know that metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases, and that alkalis are bases that are soluble in water. Specification Point 2.39 - Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble reactant. Specification Point 2.42 - Practical: prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper (II) sulphate crystals starting from copper (II) oxide. Complete set of Chapter 5 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.5C - Draw and explain energy level diagrams to represent exothermic and endothermic reactions. Specification Point 3.6C - Know that bond-breaking is an endothermic process and that bond-making is an exothermic process. Specification Point 3.7C - Use bond energies to calculate the enthalpy change during a chemical reaction. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.9 - Describe experiments to investigate the effects of changes in surface area of a solid, concentration of a solution, temperature and the use of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction. Specification Point 3.10 - Describe the effects of changes in surface area of a solid, concentration of a solution, pressure of a gas, temperature and the use of a catalyst on the rate of a reaction. Specification Point 3.11 - Explain the effects of changes in surface area of a solid, concentration of a solution, pressure of a gas and temperature on the rate of a reaction in terms of particle collision theory. Specification Point 3.12 - Know that a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction, but is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. Specification Point 3.13 - Know that a catalyst works by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy. Specification Point 3.15 - Practical: investigate the effect of changing the surface area of marble chips and of changing the concentration of hydrochloric acid on the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute hydrochloric acid. Specification Point 3.16 - Practical: investigate the effect of different solids on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide solution. Complete set of Chapter 6 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 2.5 - Know the colours, physical states (at room temperature) and trends in physical properties of chlorine, bromine and iodine. Specification Point 2.6 - Use knowledge of trends in group 7 to predict the properties of other halogens. Specification Point 2.7 - Understand how displacement reactions involving halogens and halides provide evidence for the trend in reactivity in group 7. Specification Point 2.8C - Explain the trend in reactivity in group 7 in terms of electronic configurations. Complete set of Chapter 4 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 3.1.2.5 - Balanced equations and associated calculations. Complete set of Chapter 1 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.44 - Know that an addition polymer is formed by joining up many small molecules called monomers. Specification Point 4.45 - Understand how to draw the repeat unit of an addition polymer, including polyethene, polypropene, polychloroethene and polytetrafluoroethene. Specification Point 4.46 - Understand how to deduce the structure of a monomer from the repeat unit of an addition polymer and vice versa. Specification Point 4.47 - Explain problems in the disposal of addition polymers. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.

Powerpoint lecture covering the following in a modern, concise format: Specification Point 4.7 - Know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Specification Point 4.8 - Describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions. Specification Point 4.9 - Know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil. Specification Point 4.10 - Know the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions. Complete set of Chapter 7 Lectures are available.