IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 1.3 CORE PRACTICAL 1 Use a semi-quantitative method with Benedict’s reagent to estimate the concentrations of reducing sugars and with iodine solution to estimate the concentrations of starch, using colour standards. Presentation on core practical 1. Support documents and mark scheme for PEQ included. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated. **

IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 1.9 - (i) Understand the role of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide 1.9 - (ii) Understand the oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin, the Bohr effect and the significance of the oxygen affinity of fetal haemoglobin compared with adult haemoglobin Presentation on oxygen-dissociation curve. PEQ with mark scheme included in presentation. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated. *

IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 1.10 understand the course of events that leads to atherosclerosis (endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory response, plaque formation, raised blood pressure) Presentation on blood clotting and the clotting cascade. PEQ with mark scheme included in presentation. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated.

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.18 understand the process of photosynthesis and its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy 2.19 know the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis 2.20 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis 2.42B understand how the structure of the leaf is adapted for gas exchange Recap of photosynthesis from KS3. Introduction to structure of the leaf. Included are labelling activities (with answer sheets), and practice exam questions (PEQ) for a 6-mark answer. Any and all feedback appreciated

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.59 describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma 2.60 understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy 2.61 understand how adaptations of red blood cells make them suitable for the transport of oxygen, including shape, the absence of a nucleus and the presence of haemoglobin Lesson on components of blood, with practice exam questions and mark scheme included. Any and all feedback appreciated

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.45B practical: investigate the effect of light on net gas exchange from a leaf, using hydrogen-carbonate indicator Practical lesson on hydrogen-carbonate indicator and the leaf. Includes a practical sheet, and practice exam question with mark scheme. Any and all feedback appreciated

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.63B understand how vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity Lesson on vaccination and immunity, with storyboard activity and practice exam questions (mark scheme included). Additional content for COVID-19 vaccine development (was used as part of Medical Club in school as an ECA). Any and all feedback appreciated

IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 1.2 - (i) Know the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, including glycogen and starch (amylose and amylopectin) 1.2 - (ii) Be able to relate the structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides to their roles in providing and storing energy Presentation disaccharides. Example practice exam questions (PEQ) with mark scheme included as additional document. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated. **

IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 1.2 - (i) Know the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, including glycogen and starch (amylose and amylopectin) 1.2 - (ii) Be able to relate the structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides to their roles in providing and storing energy 1.4 - Know how monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose) join together to form disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (glycogen, amylose and amylopectin) through condensation reactions forming glycosidic bonds, and how these can be split through hydrolysis reactions. Presentation on polysaccharides. Example practice exam questions (PEQ) with mark scheme included. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated. **

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.24 understand that a balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre 2.25 identify the sources and describe the functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and oils), vitamins A, C and D, the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet 2.26 understand how energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy Presentations on nutrient groups outlined in 2.24 and 2.25. Energy requirements lesson with practice exam questions adnd mark scheme included. Any and all feedback appreciated

IGCSE (Edexcel 9-1) Biology 2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils) 2.8 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugars, protein from amino acids, and lipid from fatty acids and glycerol 2.9 practical: investigate food samples for the presence of glucose, starch, protein and fat 2.10 understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions Presentations included for biological molecules, and the necessary food tests for the biological molecules topic. Lesson on role of enzymes as catalysts, and stages of enzyme action. Exam questions included for practice, with mark schemes available at the end of the exam question documents. Any and all feedback appreciated

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.33B practical: investigate the energy content in a food sample Two presentations inlcuded. The first is on the energy content in food practical (2.33B). The second is on bomb calorimetry. This is a common area for exam questions, and is often overlooked. A free revision lesson is included as part of the second presentation. Exam questions and mark schemes included for both presentations. Any and all feedback is appreciated

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.23 practical: investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll Practical lesson, including practical sheet, video and printed visual for practical steps, and practice exam question with mark scheme. Any and all feedback appreciated

IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 2.6 - (i) Know the basic structure of an amino acid. 2.6 - Understand the formation of polypeptides and proteins (amino acid monomers linked by condensation reactions to form peptide bonds) Presentation on structure of amino acids. PEQ with mark scheme included. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated. *

IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 1.5 (i) - Know how a triglyceride is synthesised by the formation of ester bonds during condensation reactions between glycerol and three fatty acids (ii) Know the differences between saturated and unsaturated lipids Fats, oils, and ester bonds. Descriptions included of types of fats. Exam questions included from SaveMyExams. Please email pcostello.nba@gmail.com for temporary use of account. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated. **

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.55B understand how water is absorbed by root hair cells 2.56B understand that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant 2.57B understand how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity 2.58B practical: investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot Lesson includes role of root hair cell for absorption (with labels and functions), and transpiration stream with factors affecting rate of transpiration. Practice exam questions included with mark scheme. Any and all feedback appreciated

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.20 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis Lesson on limiting factors for photosynthesis, including practice exam questions with marking scheme. *Any and all feedback appreciated

IGCSE (Edexcel) Biology (9-1) 2.22 understand that plants require mineral ions for growth, and that magnesium ions are needed for chlorophyll and nitrate ions are needed for amino acids Short lesson on mineral ion deficiencies in a plant. Revision activity for L1 to L3 included with mark scheme and answer sheet. *Any and all feedback appreciated

IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 1.2 - (i) Know the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, including glycogen and starch (amylose and amylopectin) 1.2 - (ii) Be able to relate the structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides to their roles in providing and storing energy Presentation monosaccharides. Example practice exam questions (PEQ) with mark scheme included. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated. **

IAL Edexcel Biology - Year 12 2.6 - (iv) Know the molecular structure of a globular protein and a fibrous protein and understand how their structures relate to their functions (including haemoglobin and collagen) Presentation on globular protein structures. PEQ with mark scheme included in presentation. **Any and all feedback is very much appreciated. *