Revision notes for A Level Literature covering Carol Ann Duffy's "Feminine Gospels" collection:
The Long Queen
The Map-Woman
Beautiful
The Diet
The Woman Who Shopped
Work
Tall
Loud
History
Sub
The Virgin’s Memo
Anon
The Laughter of Stafford Girls’ High
A Dreaming Week
White Writing
Gambler
The Light Gatherer
The Cord
Wish
North-West
Death and the Moon
Revision notes for A-level Music (Pearson Edexcel)
Three pages
ANOUSHKA SHANKAR
"BURN" Mind Map
Instrumentation
Melody
Rhythm, Metre and Tempo
Harmony and Tonality
Texture
"EASY" Mind Map
Instrumentation
Melody
Rhythm, Metre and Tempo
Harmony and Tonality
Texture
"BREATHING UNDER WATER" Mind Map
Instrumentation
Melody
Rhythm, Metre and Tempo
Harmony and Tonality
Texture
Eight page booklet : define Geographical keywords; complete a fact file about a an Indian state; SPAG exercise about Indian food; annotate a photo to show the problems of slum life; moral dilemma comparing the lives of the super rich and the extreme poor; explain why trees are important in Geography (using a Hindu quote as a prompt); a comparison of the lives of Krishna and Jesus
A Level revision notes
Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates
Systems framework and their application
Factors of production
Flows of capital, labour, products, services, information
Global marketing
Factors in globalisation
North American Free Trade Agreement
The World Trade Organization
Issues associated with interdependence
Barriers to trade and protectionism
Trends in the volume and pattern of international trade, Fair Trade, Ethical investment
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Nature and role of TNCs
Apple Inc.- a transnational corporation
International development agencies
Powerpoint and worksheet covering the Global Circulation System and the effects of latitude on climate. Starter looks at photos and how extreme weather might affect human life in those places. Lesson then goes through why the equator is hot/wet, the formation of deserts at 30 degrees and the reasons for cold deserts at the Poles. The worksheet is filled in through the lesson to explain the links between latitude, atmospheric cells and biomes. Differentiated GCSE style questions at the end of each section.
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Two pages
RELIGION + ETHICS – CONSCIENCE
AQUINAS’ THEOLOGICAL APPROACH
‘Reason making right decisions’
Ratio
Aristotle’s SENSITIVE SOUL
Synderesis
Conscientia
Vincible ignorance
Invincible ignorance
FREUD’S PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
Human psyche
Unconscious mind
Preconscious mind
Conscious mind
Tripartite personality:
Id
Ego
Superego
Other religious responses:
JOSEPH BUTLER
Innate God-given morality
JOHN HENRY NEWMAN:
Voice of God
AUGUSTINE
Intuitive, less rationalist
Secular responses:
JEAN PIAGET
Mature + immature conscience
Two stages of moral development
Heteronomous morality
Autonomous morality
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
Authority figures
Social interaction
ERICH FROMM
External authorities
Guilty conscience
Authoritarian conscience
Humanistic conscience
Modern responses:
RICHARD DAWKINS
Evolution
Is conscience real?
Romans 2
‘Lust to be nice’
Product of nurture
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Four pages
ETHICAL LANGUAGE – META-ETHICS
Definition
Do mind-independent moral properties exist?
Moral realism
Moral anti-realism
Cognitivism
True/false statements
Non-cognitivism
Grounding problem
NATURALISM
Cognitivist + realist
Fixed absolutes
F.H. BRADLEY
Concrete absolute reality
Moral perspective
Self-realisation
Observation
Criticism
DAVID HUME
Empiricist challenge
Reason vs emotion
Moral good + evil
Hume’s Law
Moral ‘ought’ statements
Factual ‘is’ statements
Non-cognitive vs cognitive
PHILIPPA FOOT
Virtue ethics
Moral rules
‘Natural goodness’
J.L. MACKIE
Anti-realism
Moral rules
Tradition
Variations between cultures
STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES
Moral nihilism
Verification
Tautologies
Open question argument
Non-moral property
INTUITIONISM
G.E. MOORE
NON-NATURALISM
Intuition
Intrinsic good
Non-natural property
Naturalistic fallacy
Closed vs open questions
H.A. PRICHARD
Moral obligations
Duty
Moral vocabulary
W.D. ROSS
Conflicting duties
Prima facie duties
Overriding obligation
Seven foundational prima facie duties
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Argument from queerness
Cultural relativism
EMOTIVISM
Approval vs disapproval
DAVID HUME
MORAL JUDGEMENTS MOTIVATE ACTION
HUME’S FORK
A.J. AYER
Three kinds of knowledge
ANALYTIC JUDGEMENTS
SYNTHETIC JUDGEMENTS
MORAL JUDGEMENTS
Judgements of value
Utterances of preference
C.L. STEVENSON
Attitude relative to fundamental belief
Persuasion
Approval/disapproval
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Quantify goodness/pleasure
Foot’s moral realism
Moral diversity
Moral nihilism
Changing moral views
Moral progress
Embedding problem
Key issues:
What is meant by ‘good’
Meaningful vs meaningless
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Seven pages
RELIGION + ETHICS
Normative Ethical Theories
NATURAL LAW
Roman Catholic approach
Intrinsic values
Bentham
“Nonsense on stilts”
Cicero
“One eternal law"
ARISTOTLE
‘Eudaimonia’
Afterlife
THOMAS AQUINAS
‘Beatific vision’
Human purpose
Four Tiers of Law:
Eternal Law
Divine Law
Natural Law
HUMAN LAW
Precepts
‘Rule of synderesis’
Five primary precepts
‘Lex’ & ‘ius’
Real good
Apparent good
‘Principle of double effect’
Four conditions required in principle
Strengths & weaknesses
Just War theory
Seven virtues
Deontological secondary precepts
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Objective
Relativism
Rational
Conflicting rules
JOHN FINNIS
Seven basic goods
UTILITARIANISM
JEREMY BENTHAM
Hedonism
“Two sovereign masters”
Pleasure is sole good, pain sole evil
Principle of utility
Hedonic calculus
Fecundity
Purity
Act utilitarianism
Strengths & weaknesses
JOHN STUART MILL
Higher and lower pleasures
Rule utilitarianism
PETER SINGER
Preference utilitarianism
SITUATION ETHICS
WILLIAM TEMPLE
Four types on love in the Bible
EROS
STORGE
PHILIA =
AGAPE
Jesus at Last Supper
More loving outcome
Jesus’ actions
JOSEPH FLETCHER
Bioethics
God’s rules should not always be followed
'Law of love’
‘Himself Might his Quietus Make’
‘Special Bombing Mission No. 13’
‘Christian Cloak and Dagger’
Loving neighbour = loving God
Ten Commandments
Greatest Commandment
RUDOLF BULTMANN
'Love thy neighbour’
Three ways of making moral decisions:
Legalistic ethics
Antinomian ethics
Situation ethics
Six Fundamental Principles
Ruling norm of Christian decision
Only the end justifies the means
Four Working Principles
Pragmatism
Relativism
Positivism
Personalism
Conscience as a verb
RELIGIOUS vs NON-RELIGIOUS
AB William Temple
Pius XII condemned SE as sacrilegious
Jesus’ agape inspired SE
STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES
Subjectivity
Too individualistic
Consistent with the gospel
Disregards divine command theory
Universal appeal
Religious vs secular
Altruism
Truly selfless acts
“Situationism is a method”
Reality
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Six pages
DCT – CHALLENGES
THE CHALLENGE OF SECULARISM
Secularism
Secularisation
DAVID FORD
JOSE CASANOVA
God is an illusion
SIGMUND FREUD
Humans personify ‘purpose’
Link to Plato’s forms
Coping mechanism
RICHARD DAWKINS:
Religion narrows perception, science widens it
JOHN POLKINGHORNE
Matthew 5
Objections to secularism
JO MARCHANT
Physiological benefits
“Feeling part of something bigger"
"Knowledge of our own mortality”
CHARLES TAYLOR
'Subtraction stories’
Post-Enlightenment attitude
TERRY EAGLETON
Marx
“Secularism is largely doomed”
Secular capitalism
Events of 9/11
Positivist dream of world without religion
Christianity should play no part in public life
Secular humanism
AMSTERDAM DECLARATION
Seven aims of modern humanism
Programmatic secularism
Procedural secularism
“Diversity gone mad”
ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST FAITH SCHOOLS
Radicalisation
House of Lords
Dominionism
Reconstructionism
SECULARISATION PROS AND CONS
Social cohesion
Corrupt theocracy
Disenchantment
Religious motives replaced by rational motives
MAX WEBER
Key issues
LIBERATION THEOLOGY AND MARX
Marx’s teaching on alienation + exploitation
Alienation
Dehumanisation
"Fundamental evil of capitalist society”
Exploitation
Means to an end
Historical materialism =
Praxis
Proletariat must revolt against bourgeoisie
False consciousness
‘Joined-up’ thinking
Working towards common good
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Seven pages
APPLIED ETHICS
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Examples of CSR:
Gates Foundation
M&S f
Merck & Co
Amazon
MILTON FRIEDMAN
Friedman Doctrine
'Hypocritical window dressing’
Greenwashing
Coca-Cola’s Giving Pledge
KANTIAN ETHICS
Goodwill
Universalisability
Formula of the End in Itself
UTILITARIANISM
Act Utilitarianism
Bentham
Natural rights “nonsense on stilts”
Rule Utilitarianism
Preference Utilitarianism
Evaluation
GLOBALISATION
Interconnectedness
Issues
Loss, abuse, damage and inequality
KANTIAN ETHICS
Capitalism
UTILITARIANISM
Objective empirical approach
Voluntary diversification
Evaluation
**GOOD ETHICS IS GOOD BUSINESS **
Duty to be honest
FRIEDMAN
Mill’s harm principle
Singer’s strong principle
ADAM SMITH
Self-interest
KARL MARX
Instability in capitalism
Exploiting labour
KANTIAN ETHICS
Self-satisfaction instead
UTILITARIANISM
Pursuit of lower pleasures
Evaluation
EUTHANASIA
Should ‘good death’ be universally permitted?
SANCTITY OF LIFE
Human life made in God’s image
Genesis 1
Catholic DECLARATION ON EUTHANASIA
Natural Law’s preservation of life
Doctrine of double effect
PIUS XII
Secondary effect of medicines
Dignity of the human person
Technological abuse
Criticism of SofL
DANIEL MAGUIRE
PETER SINGER
Value to community also
RONALD DWORKIN
Affirming life
QUALITY OF LIFE
Secular concept
Case studies:
DANIEL JAMES
TONY NICKLINSON
Personhood
GERMAIN GRISEZ
Criticisms of QofL
‘Playing God’
Consent
VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA
GREGORY PENCE
Autonomy
NON-VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA
Persistent vegetative state
PERSONAL AUTONOMY
Self-determination
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
J.S MILL
Individual is sovereign
'Harm principle’
Criticisms
One’s life is of value to others
Depression
MEDICAL + NON-MEDICAL INTERVENTION
Difference between ‘killing’ + ‘letting die’
Morally equivalent, equal responsibility
Active or passive?
JAMES RACHELS
HELGA KUHSE
Nazi Germany
Conclusion
APPLICATION OF ETHICAL THEORIES TO EUTHANASIA
NATURAL LAW
Doctrine of double effect c
Precept of preservation of life
Value of life
Prevents achieving telos
Secular societies
What is ‘natural’?
Blurred distinction
SITUATION ETHICS
Agape
Personalism
Pragmatism
Positivism
Relativism
Powerpoint inspired by the RGS scheme of work "China Today". Whole lesson, includes starter (multinational companies), comparison of Shenzhen in 1970 with today, Geographical mystery about Apple's involvement ion China (WHAT were the reasons for moving iPhone production to China? HOW were the Foxconn workers treated? WHY are there nets outside Foxconn factory windows? WHO benefits from Apple products being made in China? ), differentiated questions (Explain why Apple was so interested in making its products in China; Compare the opinions of a Foxconn worker in China with an Apple customer in the UK. Then give your opinion of Foxconn/Apple; Describe the living and working conditions inside a Chinese factory like Foxconn) and plenary (the suicide of Ma Xiang Qian )
Powerpoint and worksheets beginning with a brief intro to geological timespans. Class and group activities comparing climate data over different periods of Earth history and the reasons for differing conclusions about climate change. Links to videos showing computer simulations of glaciation.
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Five pages
DCT – FOUNDATIONS
KNOWLEDGE OF GOD’S EXISTENCE
NATURAL KNOWLEDGE OF GOD’S EXISTENCE
REVEALED KNOWLEDGE OF GOD’S EXISTENCE
ARE NATURAL AND REVEALED KNOWLEDGE OF GOD THE SAME?
THE PERSON OF JESUS CHRIST
**JESUS’ AUTHORITY AS THE SON OF GOD
**Jesus’ divinity expressed in his knowledge of God
**
Jesus’ divinity expressed in his miracles
**Jesus’ divinity expressed in his resurrection
**
JESUS’ AUTHORITY A TEACHER OF WISDOM
**Jesus’ moral teaching on repentance + forgiveness
**
Jesus’ moral teaching on inner purity + moral motivation
**How are Jesus’ teachings useful to an atheist?
**
JESUS’ AUTHORITY AS A LIBERATOR
Jesus’ role expressed in his challenge to political authority
**
Jesus’ role expressed in his challenge to religious authority
Revision for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Five pages
DCT – LIVING
CHRISTIAN MORAL PRINCIPLES
BIBLE = ONLY AUTHORITY FOR CHRISTIAN MORALS
Theonomous Christian ethics
Sola scriptura
Issues with theonomous ethics
BIBLE, CHURCH + REASON = SOURCES OF CHRISTIAN MORALS
Heteronomous Christian ethics
Roman Catholic attitudes to Church teachings
Protestant attitudes to Church teachings
AGAPE = ONLY CHRISTIAN ETHICAL PRINCIPLE
Autonomous Christian ethics
CHURCH AUTHORITY OVER THE INDIVIDUAL
CHRISTIAN ETHICS: PERSONAL OR COMMUNAL?
CHRISTIAN MORAL ACTION
BONHOEFFER
DUTY TO GOD OR THE STATE?
Bonhoeffer’s teaching on obedience, leadership + doing God’s will
CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE OF GOD’S WILL
Civil disobedience
CHURCH AS COMMUNITY + SOURCE OF SPIRITUAL DISCIPLINE
Bonhoeffer’s role in Confessing Church
Bonhoeffer’s role at Finkenwalde
COST OF DISCIPLESHIP
God’s grace, suffering + solidarity
BONHOEFFER’S EMPHASIS ON SUFFERING
BONHOEFFER’S RELEVANCE TODAY
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Seven pages
DCT – SOCIETY
GENDER + SOCIETY
Key terms:
Feminism
Gender biology
Gender identification
Gender expression
Socialisation
Patriarchal society
Gender dysphoria
Misogyny
EFFECTS OF CHANGING VIEWS ON GENDER + GENDER ROLES IN CHRISTIANITY
Roles of men + women in family and society:
Hermeneutics
Genesis 1
Both genders reflect nature of God
Genesis 2: “no suitable helper”
Implied inferiority
‘Helper’ depends on translation
Genesis 3: Eve tempted by serpent
Women weaker will than men
Men shouldn’t let women take lead in decision-making
Ephesians 5: “Wives, submit yourselves"
Husbands must love their wives like their own bodies
Paul
Cultural norms of 1st century Rome
Patriarchal society
Comparisons to Church + Christ’s relationship
1 Peter 3: ‘weaker sex’
1 Timothy 2: women must learn in silence + never assume authority over man
‘Head’ in Greek also translates to source of life
‘MULIERIS DIGNITATEM’
JOHN PAUL II
Response to rise of feminism
Virgin Mary recognised as theotokos
Gender roles
Mariage is mutual relationship of equals
Genesis 2
Women shouldn’t take on male roles
“Feminine originality”
Motherhood + parenthood
“The woman’s part”
Cultural shift in attitudes to women
Rejects feminist criticisms (eg de Beauvir + Frieden)
motherhood demeaning to women
MARY THE MODEL OF MOTHERHOOD
Special value God place on motherhood
MYSTERY OF GENERATION
Mystery inherent in Trinity
‘sincere gift of self’
Man +woman ‘one flesh’
MUTUALITY
“Special debt to the woman”
ACTIVE MOTHERHOOD
Different types of family:
"Intact families
Blended family relationships
CATECHISM OF CATHOLIC CHURCH: “does not tolerate ‘trial marriages’”
Christian responses to contemporary secular views about roles of men + women in family and society
Conservative Protestant Christian responses
Biblical theology is timeless
Gender roles:
Purely biological, not product of culture
Foucault
KATY RUDY
Gender roles illustrate power the ‘Right’ in American politics + society
Mistrust of socially liberal ideologies
Feminism cause of family breakdowns
Men + women created equal but different
Complementarianism
Motherhood + parenthood:
Woman’s role ‘domestic haven’
Christian home place of refuge, love, peace
Eve = ‘mother of all living’
Paul: husband must provide for family
Different types of family:
Critical of feminism, cohabitation + same-sex relationships
Feminism has led to eroticisation
Foucault
Couples expect too much from relationships
Christianity values permanency
Relationships too private + egocentric
Christian family should look outwards
Same-sex parents not truly Christian
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Five pages
DCT – DEVELOPMENT
RELIGIOUS PLURALISM + THEOLOGY
EXCLUSIVISM
INCLUSIVISM
PLURALISM
RELIGIOUS PLURALISM + SOCIETY
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY MULTI-FAITH SOCIETIES
INTERFAITH DIALOGUE
CHRISTIAN RESPONSES TO INTERFAITH DIALOGUE
Official Church responses
Should Christians convert those of other faiths?
Should Christians have mission to those of no faith?
SCRIPTURAL REASONING MOVEMENT
RELATIVISING RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
Revision for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Three pages
OMNIPOTENCE
Divine power
• DESCARTES
• AQUINAS + SWINBURNE
• ANTHONY KENNY
Self-imposed limitation
• PETER VARDY
• JOHN MACQUARRIE
• ALVIN PLANTINGA
• WILLIAM OF OCKHAM
OMNIBENEVOLENCE
Divine benevolence
JOHN
HOSEA
EXODUS
AMOS
PSALMS
ETERNITY
Divine eternity
Boethius
Anselm
o HARTSHORNE; KENNY
• RICHARD SWINBURNE
• FRIEDRICH SCHLEIRMACHER
FREE WILL (+ omniscience)
Romans
Hebrews
Key Issues
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Five pages
DCT – LIVING
CHRISTIAN MORAL PRINCIPLES
BIBLE = ONLY AUTHORITY FOR CHRISTIAN MORALS
Theonomous Christian ethics
Jesus criticised Pharisees for following law too literally
Sola scriptura
2 Timothy
theopneustos
2 Peter
Issues with theonomous ethics
TRANSLATION
Exodus
WHICH BIBLE
Martin Luther
apocrypha
CONTRADICTIONS (OT vs NT)
CHERRY PICKING
Leviticus
Bibliolatry
INTERPRETATION
BIBLE, CHURCH + REASON
SOURCES OF CHRISTIAN MORALS
Heteronomous
Roman Catholic attitudes
Order of decision-making authority
Sacred Tradition
Magisterium
VATICAN II COUNCIL 1975
Papal infallibility
ex cathedra
Pius IX
Human reason (Natural Law):
JOHN PAUL II
Issues with accepting Church teachings
Jesus
Pharisees
ROSEMARY RADFORD REUTHER
Liberation theology
Protestant attitudes to Church teachings
Order of decision-making
Tradition
Archbishop of Canterbury
Reformation:
STANLEY HAUERWAS
AGAPE
Autonomous Christian ethics
1 Corinthians
Mark
HANS KÜNG
BENEDICT XVI
person of goodwill
'global ethic’
PAUL TILLICH
CHURCH HAS AUTHORITY OVER INDIVIDUALS
Subjectivity
Collective wisdom
God’s word
Agapeic action
CHRISTIAN ETHICS: PERSONAL vs COMMUNAL
Human freewill
Ability to reason
Beliefs of majority
Utilitarianism
God’s judgement of individuals
Community **
CHRISTIAN MORAL ACTION
BONHOEFFER
Assassination attempt against Hitler
DUTY TO GOD + THE STATE
Obedience, leadership + doing God’s will
Cost of Discipleship
Romans
God-given authority
God’s will
DAWKINS
**CHRISTIANS’ KNOWLEDGE OF GOD’S WILL **
Conscience
AQUINAS
Humanity corrupted by Fall
Decisions checked by community
Freewill
Civil disobedience
Teachings of Christ
‘Act and Being’
Church or state
Mark
Romans
Exodus
Daniel
MLK + Rosa Parks
Suffragettes
DUTY TO GOD OR STATE?
Choice should be obvious
Jesus
“Render to Caesar what is Caesar’s”
Bonhoeffer
Passivity and evil
Romans
Leadership on Earth
Fundamental Christian principles
Christians protesting abortions
Bonhoeffer’s extreme circumstances
Hitler as ‘anti-Christ’
MEIN KAMPF
Anti-Semitism
CHURCH AS COMMUNITY + SOURCE OF SPIRITUAL DISCIPLINE
Confessing Church
Visible Church community
Proverbs
Sermon on Mount
SALT + LIGHT
‘Religionless Christianity’
Focus on Christ
Finkenwalde
Personal discipline
Look outwards, not inwards
Foundation of prayer
Centrality of study + discussion
Brotherhood
‘Cheap grace’ vs 'costly grace’
Struggling as Christ did
Mark
"The badge of true discipleship”
Jesus “the man for others”
BONHOEFFER’S EMPHASIS ON SUFFERING
Contemporary relevance
Bonhoeffer’s extreme experiences
Effects of globalisation
Jesus as central starting point
Powerpoint and worksheets explaining the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
Starter is an odd-one-out quiz of various human activities which affect climate
Students draw a pie chart showing sources of greenhouse gases from human activities then memorise and sketch the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
The main work involves constructing a mind map of the effects caused by major greenhouse pollutants (carbon dioxide, water vapour, nitrous oxide, methane and halocarbons)
Differentiated questions:
1-3: How does (a) industry and (b) farming make climate change worse?
4-6: How do humans add to the Greenhouse Effect and climate change?
7-9: Using named chemical compounds, explain how human actions increase the rate of climate change
Plenary: affects of contrails on the short-term weather
Enough for two lessons
Powerpoint and worksheet about the effect of the Gulf Stream on the British Isles
Starter looks at how palm trees grow in Scotland thanks to the North Atlantic Drift
Then the 'Gulf Stream Mystery' to find out how the 'Cold Blob' in the North Atlantic will change Britain's climate. Pupils annotate a map then answer a differentiated question:
1-3: Describe what the UK’s climate might be like if Greenland’s ice melts
4-6: Explain how NASA’s ‘Cold Blob’ could change the UK’s future climate
7-9: Explain how the UK’s climate is linked to the North Atlantic Ocean
Moves on to mapping changes caused by rising sea levels in the UK (to 5 metres) getting info from internet research
Plenary looks at the effects of post-glacial rebound on Scotland and southern England