Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Six pages
DCT – CHALLENGES
THE CHALLENGE OF SECULARISM
Secularism
Secularisation
DAVID FORD
JOSE CASANOVA
God is an illusion
SIGMUND FREUD
Humans personify ‘purpose’
Link to Plato’s forms
Coping mechanism
RICHARD DAWKINS:
Religion narrows perception, science widens it
JOHN POLKINGHORNE
Matthew 5
Objections to secularism
JO MARCHANT
Physiological benefits
“Feeling part of something bigger"
"Knowledge of our own mortality”
CHARLES TAYLOR
'Subtraction stories’
Post-Enlightenment attitude
TERRY EAGLETON
Marx
“Secularism is largely doomed”
Secular capitalism
Events of 9/11
Positivist dream of world without religion
Christianity should play no part in public life
Secular humanism
AMSTERDAM DECLARATION
Seven aims of modern humanism
Programmatic secularism
Procedural secularism
“Diversity gone mad”
ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST FAITH SCHOOLS
Radicalisation
House of Lords
Dominionism
Reconstructionism
SECULARISATION PROS AND CONS
Social cohesion
Corrupt theocracy
Disenchantment
Religious motives replaced by rational motives
MAX WEBER
Key issues
LIBERATION THEOLOGY AND MARX
Marx’s teaching on alienation + exploitation
Alienation
Dehumanisation
"Fundamental evil of capitalist society”
Exploitation
Means to an end
Historical materialism =
Praxis
Proletariat must revolt against bourgeoisie
False consciousness
‘Joined-up’ thinking
Working towards common good
Revision for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Three pages
OMNIPOTENCE
Divine power
• DESCARTES
• AQUINAS + SWINBURNE
• ANTHONY KENNY
Self-imposed limitation
• PETER VARDY
• JOHN MACQUARRIE
• ALVIN PLANTINGA
• WILLIAM OF OCKHAM
OMNIBENEVOLENCE
Divine benevolence
JOHN
HOSEA
EXODUS
AMOS
PSALMS
ETERNITY
Divine eternity
Boethius
Anselm
o HARTSHORNE; KENNY
• RICHARD SWINBURNE
• FRIEDRICH SCHLEIRMACHER
FREE WILL (+ omniscience)
Romans
Hebrews
Key Issues
A Level revision notes
Colour coded: green statistics; yellow definitions; blue dates
Regency of Somerset, 1547-49
Rule of Northumberland, 1549-53
Reign of Mary Tudor, 1553-58
Geography Case Study
NEOM is a planned urban development in north-west Saudi Arabia
When completed it will cover 26,500 km² which is larger than the whole of Wales
Why does Saudi Arabia want to build Neom?
Why is the Huwaitat tribe extremely worried?
Abdul Rahim al-Hwaiti: terrorist or martyr?
This resource includes a variety of lesson activities to pick and choose:
Photographic Analysis: The Line (includes worksheet)
Which Geography keyword is the odd one out?
Which country is the odd one out?
Several slides to project and set the scene (locational knowledge, artists’ impressions of the planned districts)
Links to videos of the Neom development: ‘Saudi Arabia’s mega project’; ‘“The Line” under construction in Saudi Arabia’; ‘Neom: The dark side’
Question Grid: Neom (Who? What? Where? etc, vs is… did… can… etc)
The death of Abdul Rahim al-Hwaiti, a Huwaitat tribesman from the area where the Saudi government wants to build Neom. Abdul posted a video on YouTube saying he did not want money to leave his home. A day later and he was shot dead by the Saudi Army
Concept Map: Neom (35 facts, to be colour coded - Locations; Causes; Effects; Management; Supporting Data
Illustrated glossary: Neom (Peak Oil; Economic diversification; Population density; Desalination plant) - definitions given, students to draw their understanding
Thought Chains: Neom - using knowledge learned so far, students complete boxes (because… and so… Therefore… For example…) to show understanding using scaffolding for higher level answers (eg ‘Saudi Arabia needs to DIVERSIFY its industries…’; ‘The region currently has a POPULATION DENSITY of just 6 people per km²’; ‘Neom is / is not ENVIRONMENTALLY sustainable
(‘Planet’)…’)
Geo-Trinity: Neom - students show similarities and differences between the Saudi government, Huwaitat tribespeople and foreign tourists
‘Six Hats’: Neom: - de Bono’s critical thinking technique
Design a sustainable hotel for Neom - choose five (from twenty-four) features of a sustainable resort, then explain the decision (eg eShuttle buses between the hotel and public transportation hubs; Install ‘smart’ showers that limit their usage to a pre-set time; Stock locally-made Fair Trade hotel souvenirs rather than branded/designer items)
Stakeholders conclusion: Neom - students compare different opinions of the development with their own
Teachers’ background information: links to websites, including the original BBC News story and the official Neom site
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Two pages
RELIGION + ETHICS – CONSCIENCE
AQUINAS’ THEOLOGICAL APPROACH
‘Reason making right decisions’
Ratio
Aristotle’s SENSITIVE SOUL
Synderesis
Conscientia
Vincible ignorance
Invincible ignorance
FREUD’S PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
Human psyche
Unconscious mind
Preconscious mind
Conscious mind
Tripartite personality:
Id
Ego
Superego
Other religious responses:
JOSEPH BUTLER
Innate God-given morality
JOHN HENRY NEWMAN:
Voice of God
AUGUSTINE
Intuitive, less rationalist
Secular responses:
JEAN PIAGET
Mature + immature conscience
Two stages of moral development
Heteronomous morality
Autonomous morality
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
Authority figures
Social interaction
ERICH FROMM
External authorities
Guilty conscience
Authoritarian conscience
Humanistic conscience
Modern responses:
RICHARD DAWKINS
Evolution
Is conscience real?
Romans 2
‘Lust to be nice’
Product of nurture
Eight page booklet : define coastal keywords; complete a fact file about a seaside resort; SPAG exercise about Holderness erosion; annotate a map to show human uses of the Humber region; family dilemma about using fossil fuels; write a poem based on a beautiful coastal scene; explain how transport changes have affected holiday habits over time
Eight page booklet : define weather and climate keywords; map the areas of the World to show general effects of Climate Change; SPAG exercise about rising sea levels; questionnaire to survey attitudes towards Climate Change; Moral dilemma about family holidays abroad; personal responses to some religious quotes about the environment; description of how Climate Change may affect our heritage sites
A decision making exercise which could last a few lessons or be set as a homework project
A property developer is looking to build a five star hotel in San Francisco
Pupils have to decide on the most sustainable county in the Bay Area
Introductory Powerpoint, a project workbook and LOTS of resources are included
The completed project/proposal covers:
Background to tourism in California
The physical hazards threatening San Francisco
Explanation for choosing one of the Bay Area counties
Sustainability (PPP) of the various sites
Reasons for rejecting the others
Consideration of how to make the structure safe from earthquakes
Space for the pupils to be imaginative and design the resort
Revision notes for A-level Music (Pearson Edexcel )
Two pages
To be printed A3 size
BERLIOZ - 'SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE’
Background notes
Mind Map (‘Introduction’):
Melody
Texture
Instrumentation
Harmony & Tonality
Rhythm, Metre & Tempo
Mind Map (‘Sonata Form’):
Melody
Instrumentation
Harmony & Tonality
Rhythm, Metre & Tempo
Revision notes for A-level Music (Pearson Edexcel)
Three pages
ANOUSHKA SHANKAR
"BURN" Mind Map
Instrumentation
Melody
Rhythm, Metre and Tempo
Harmony and Tonality
Texture
"EASY" Mind Map
Instrumentation
Melody
Rhythm, Metre and Tempo
Harmony and Tonality
Texture
"BREATHING UNDER WATER" Mind Map
Instrumentation
Melody
Rhythm, Metre and Tempo
Harmony and Tonality
Texture
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Four pages
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION – RELIGIOUS LANGUAGE
NEGATIVE, ANALOGICAL, OR SYMBOLIC
APOPHATIC WAY
• PSEUDO DIONYSIUS
• MAIMONIDES
CATAPHATIC WAY
• AQUINAS
• VINCENT BRÜMMER
SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE
• PAUL TILLICH
Key Issues
TWENTIETH CENTURY PERSPECTIVES
LOGICAL POSITIVISM
• VIENNA CIRCLE
• A.J. AYER
LANGUAGE GAMES
• LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN
• DON CUPITT
• DZ PHILLIPS
FALSIFICATION SYMPOSIUM
• KARL POPPER
• ANTONY FLEW
• R.M. HARE
• BASIL MITCHELL
Key Issues
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Seven pages
APPLIED ETHICS
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Examples of CSR:
Gates Foundation
M&S f
Merck & Co
Amazon
MILTON FRIEDMAN
Friedman Doctrine
'Hypocritical window dressing’
Greenwashing
Coca-Cola’s Giving Pledge
KANTIAN ETHICS
Goodwill
Universalisability
Formula of the End in Itself
UTILITARIANISM
Act Utilitarianism
Bentham
Natural rights “nonsense on stilts”
Rule Utilitarianism
Preference Utilitarianism
Evaluation
GLOBALISATION
Interconnectedness
Issues
Loss, abuse, damage and inequality
KANTIAN ETHICS
Capitalism
UTILITARIANISM
Objective empirical approach
Voluntary diversification
Evaluation
**GOOD ETHICS IS GOOD BUSINESS **
Duty to be honest
FRIEDMAN
Mill’s harm principle
Singer’s strong principle
ADAM SMITH
Self-interest
KARL MARX
Instability in capitalism
Exploiting labour
KANTIAN ETHICS
Self-satisfaction instead
UTILITARIANISM
Pursuit of lower pleasures
Evaluation
EUTHANASIA
Should ‘good death’ be universally permitted?
SANCTITY OF LIFE
Human life made in God’s image
Genesis 1
Catholic DECLARATION ON EUTHANASIA
Natural Law’s preservation of life
Doctrine of double effect
PIUS XII
Secondary effect of medicines
Dignity of the human person
Technological abuse
Criticism of SofL
DANIEL MAGUIRE
PETER SINGER
Value to community also
RONALD DWORKIN
Affirming life
QUALITY OF LIFE
Secular concept
Case studies:
DANIEL JAMES
TONY NICKLINSON
Personhood
GERMAIN GRISEZ
Criticisms of QofL
‘Playing God’
Consent
VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA
GREGORY PENCE
Autonomy
NON-VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA
Persistent vegetative state
PERSONAL AUTONOMY
Self-determination
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
J.S MILL
Individual is sovereign
'Harm principle’
Criticisms
One’s life is of value to others
Depression
MEDICAL + NON-MEDICAL INTERVENTION
Difference between ‘killing’ + ‘letting die’
Morally equivalent, equal responsibility
Active or passive?
JAMES RACHELS
HELGA KUHSE
Nazi Germany
Conclusion
APPLICATION OF ETHICAL THEORIES TO EUTHANASIA
NATURAL LAW
Doctrine of double effect c
Precept of preservation of life
Value of life
Prevents achieving telos
Secular societies
What is ‘natural’?
Blurred distinction
SITUATION ETHICS
Agape
Personalism
Pragmatism
Positivism
Relativism
Revision notes for A-level Religious Studies (OCR)
Seven pages
RELIGION + ETHICS
Normative Ethical Theories
NATURAL LAW
Roman Catholic approach
Intrinsic values
Bentham
“Nonsense on stilts”
Cicero
“One eternal law"
ARISTOTLE
‘Eudaimonia’
Afterlife
THOMAS AQUINAS
‘Beatific vision’
Human purpose
Four Tiers of Law:
Eternal Law
Divine Law
Natural Law
HUMAN LAW
Precepts
‘Rule of synderesis’
Five primary precepts
‘Lex’ & ‘ius’
Real good
Apparent good
‘Principle of double effect’
Four conditions required in principle
Strengths & weaknesses
Just War theory
Seven virtues
Deontological secondary precepts
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Objective
Relativism
Rational
Conflicting rules
JOHN FINNIS
Seven basic goods
UTILITARIANISM
JEREMY BENTHAM
Hedonism
“Two sovereign masters”
Pleasure is sole good, pain sole evil
Principle of utility
Hedonic calculus
Fecundity
Purity
Act utilitarianism
Strengths & weaknesses
JOHN STUART MILL
Higher and lower pleasures
Rule utilitarianism
PETER SINGER
Preference utilitarianism
SITUATION ETHICS
WILLIAM TEMPLE
Four types on love in the Bible
EROS
STORGE
PHILIA =
AGAPE
Jesus at Last Supper
More loving outcome
Jesus’ actions
JOSEPH FLETCHER
Bioethics
God’s rules should not always be followed
'Law of love’
‘Himself Might his Quietus Make’
‘Special Bombing Mission No. 13’
‘Christian Cloak and Dagger’
Loving neighbour = loving God
Ten Commandments
Greatest Commandment
RUDOLF BULTMANN
'Love thy neighbour’
Three ways of making moral decisions:
Legalistic ethics
Antinomian ethics
Situation ethics
Six Fundamental Principles
Ruling norm of Christian decision
Only the end justifies the means
Four Working Principles
Pragmatism
Relativism
Positivism
Personalism
Conscience as a verb
RELIGIOUS vs NON-RELIGIOUS
AB William Temple
Pius XII condemned SE as sacrilegious
Jesus’ agape inspired SE
STRENGTHS & WEAKNESSES
Subjectivity
Too individualistic
Consistent with the gospel
Disregards divine command theory
Universal appeal
Religious vs secular
Altruism
Truly selfless acts
“Situationism is a method”
Reality
Eight page booklet : define keywords, create a factfile about an African country, a SPAG exercise about the continent, a short piece of research about the UN's work in Africa, an opinion piece about whether or not the UK still owes a moral debt to Africa for colonialism, a page to decorate an outline map of Africa with traditional patterns and finally a page to show how modern music is related to African rhythms