Sarah Hilton has been a business examiner for over 20 years and a business teacher for longer. She is now a teacher trainer, business teacher and qualification developer. She runs the website revisionstation which provides smashing business teaching resources at budget prices.
Sarah Hilton has been a business examiner for over 20 years and a business teacher for longer. She is now a teacher trainer, business teacher and qualification developer. She runs the website revisionstation which provides smashing business teaching resources at budget prices.
Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business Unit 2.3.2 Financial Planning (5 complete lessons)
1 Sales, revenue and costs
a) Calculation of sales volume and sales revenue.
b) Calculation of fixed, variable costs, total costs and average costs.
c) Ways of improving sales volumes and sales revenues.
2 Sales forecasting
a) Purpose of sales forecasts.
b) Factors affecting sales forecasts:
• consumer trends
• economic variables
• actions of competitors.
c) Difficulties of sales forecasting.
3 Break-even
a) Contribution: selling price − variable cost per unit.
b) Break-even point:
• total fixed costs + total variable costs = total revenue.
c) Using contribution to calculate the break-even point.
d) Margin of safety.
e) Interpretation of break-even charts.
f) Limitations of break-even analysis.
4 Cash flow
a) Construction and interpretation of simple cash-flow forecasts.
b) Use and limitations of cash-flow forecasts.
5 Budgets
a) Purposes of budgets.
b) Types of budget:
• based on historical figures
• zero based.
c) Variance analysis.
d) Difficulties of budgeting
234 Resource Management
2 CAPACITY UTILISATION
This complete lesson includes:
a) Capacity utilisation: current output (divided by) maximum possible output (× 100)
b) Implications of under and over-utilisation of capacity
c) Ways of improving capacity utilisation (under and over utilisation)
This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation
Pearson Edexcel International A Level Business Unit 2.3.4 Resource Management (4 Complete Lessons)
1 Production, productivity and efficiency
a) Methods of production:
• job
• batch
• flow
• cell.
b) Productivity:
• output per unit of input per time period
• factors influencing productivity
• link between productivity and competitiveness
• ways to improve productivity.
c) Efficiency:
• production at minimum average cost
• factors influencing efficiency
• ways to improve efficiency.
d) The distinction between labour- and capital-intensive production.
e) Competitive advantage from short product lead-in times.
2 Capacity utilisation
a) Capacity utilisation: current output (divided by) maximum possible output (× 100).
b) Implications of under- and over-utilisation of capacity.
c) Ways of improving capacity utilisation (under and over utilisation).
3 Inventory control
a) Interpretation of inventory control diagram.
b) Buffer inventory.
c) Implications of poor inventory control.
d) Just in time (JIT).
e) Waste minimisation.
f) Competitive advantage from lean production.
4 Quality management
a) Quality:
• control
• assurance
• circles.
b) Total Quality Management (TQM).
c) Continuous improvement (Kaizen).
d) Competitive advantage from quality management.
235 External influences 2 LEGISLATION
This complete lesson includes:
a) The effects on businesses of:
• consumer protection
• employee protection
• environmental protection
• competition policy
• health and safety
• intellectual property rights (copyright, patents and trademarks).
This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation
AQA A LEVEL BUSINESS NEW SPEC 311 understanding the nature and purpose of business
Why businesses exist
Business objectives such as:
Profit
Growth
Survival
Cash Flow
Social
Ethical
The relationship between mission and objectives
Why businesses set objectives
The measurement and importance of profit:
Revenue (also known as turnover or sales)
Fixed Costs
Variable Costs
Total Costs
This is a complete lesson including a PPT and worksheet
This is lesson written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0
This lesson covers:
The value of decision making based on data (scientific decision making) and on intuition
Scientific decision making:
Understanding and interpreting decision trees
Calculating expected value and net gains.
Decision making:
Risks
Rewards
Uncertainty
Opportunity cost
The use and value of decision trees in decision making
Influences on decision making:
Mission
Objectives
Ethics
The external environment including competition
Resource constraints
This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
AQA A LEVEL BUSINESS 312 UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT BUSINESS FORMS
Reasons for choosing different forms of business and for changing business form
Different forms of business:
Sole traders
Private limited companies
Public limited companies
Private sector organisations
Public sector organisations
Non-profit organisations
Social Enterprises
Issues with different forms of business include:
Unlimited and limited liability
Ordinary share capital
Market capitalisation
Dividends
The role of shareholders and why they invest
Influences on share price and the significance of share price changes
The effects of ownership on mission and objectives
This is a complete lesson including a PPT and worksheet
This is lesson written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
AQA A LEVEL BUSINESS 313 UNDERSTANDING THAT BUSINESSES OPERATE WITHIN AN EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
How the external environment can affect costs
and demand
Factors influencing costs and demand to include
the effect of:
• competition
• market conditions
• incomes
• interest rates
• demographic factors
• environmental issues and fair trade
This is a complete lesson including a PPT and worksheet
This is lesson written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0
This lesson covers:
The elements of the marketing mix (7Ps)
The influences on and effects of changes in the elements of the marketing mix
The marketing mix should be considered for goods and services, both industrial and consumer.
Product decisions
the value of product portfolio analysis and the Boston Matrix
the value of the product life cycle model including extension strategies
influences on and the value of new product development.
Pricing decisions
Pricing decisions should include penetration and price skimming.
and in part 2
Decisions about the promotional mix
Promotional decisions should include:
the value of branding
Social media
Viral Marketing
Distribution (place) decisions
Distribution decisions should include multichannel distribution.
Decisions relating to other elements of the marketing mix: people, process and physical environment
The importance of and influences on an integrated marketing mix include:
the position in the product life cycle
the Boston Matrix
the type of product
marketing objectives
the target market
competition
positioning.
Understanding the value of digital marketing and e-commerce
This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0
This lesson covers:
Internal and external sources of finance
debt factoring
overdrafts
retained profits
share capital
loans
venture capital
crowd funding
Advantages and disadvantages of different sources of finance for short and long term uses
This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
Edexcel GCSE Business
1.1.1 The Dynamic nature of business complete lesson
This lesson includes:
Why new business ideas come about:
Changes in technology
Changes in what consumers want
Products and services becoming obsolete
How new business ideas come about:
Original ideas
Adapting existing products/services/ideas
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS 2.3.3 MANAGING QUALITY (COMPLETE LESSON) 233
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
The concept of quality and its importance in:
•The production of goods and the provision of services: quality control and quality assurance
•Allowing a business to control costs and gain a competitive advantage
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Sources of finance:
o family and friends
o banks
o peer-to-peer funding
o business angels
o crowd funding
o other businesses
b) Methods of finance:
o loans
o share capital
o venture capital
o overdrafts
o leasing
o trade credit
o grants
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Owner’s capital: personal savings
b) Retained profit
c) Sale of assets
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
a) Internal and external causes of business failure:
o financial factors
o non-financial factors
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS 1.4.2 BUSINESS LOCATION (COMPLETE LESSON) 142
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
Factors influencing business location:
proximity to:
market
labour
materials
competitors
nature of the business activity
the impact of the internet on location decisions: e-commerce and/or fixed premises
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
EDEXCEL GCES BUSINESS 1.4.4 BUSINESS PLANS (COMPLETE LESSON) 144
This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers:
The role and importance of a business plan:
● to identify: the business idea; business aims and
objectives; target market (market research); forecast
revenue, cost and profit; cash-flow forecast; sources of
finance; location; marketing mix.
The purpose of planning business activity:
● the role and importance of a business plan in minimising risk and obtaining finance.
Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This is part of the Access to HE Geography and Environmental science course and is conservation.
The resource consists of six PowerPoints and one worksheet activity.
1.1 Reasons for conservation
2.1 Interests impacted by conservation
2.2 Ecological principals
2.3 Role of zoos and Botanical gardens
3.1 Role of organisations
3.2 Conflicts of interest
This complete lesson includes a teacher PowerPoint with all the answers and a comprehensive student worksheet and covers all of these topics:
a) SWOT analysis
• internal considerations: strengths and weaknesses
• external considerations: opportunities and threats
This resources has been written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation
This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation and contains a comprehensive student worksheet and a teacher PowerPoint
These are the topics covered in this lesson:
a) Mergers and takeovers:
• reasons for mergers and takeovers
• distinction between mergers and takeovers
• horizontal and vertical integration
• conglomerates
• financial risks and rewards
b) Advantages and disadvantages of inorganic growth
