A Science teacher by trade, I've also been known to be found teaching Maths and PE! However, strange as it may seem, my real love is designing resources that can be used by other teachers to maximise the experience of the students. I am constantly thinking of new ways to engage a student with a topic and try to implement that in the design of the lessons.
A Science teacher by trade, I've also been known to be found teaching Maths and PE! However, strange as it may seem, my real love is designing resources that can be used by other teachers to maximise the experience of the students. I am constantly thinking of new ways to engage a student with a topic and try to implement that in the design of the lessons.
The following specification points in topic 18.1 of the CIE A-level Biology specification are covered by these three lessons:
[a] Define the terms species, ecosystem and niche
[b] Explain that biodiversity is considered at three levels
[c] Explain the importance of random sampling in determining the biodiversity of an area
[d] Use suitable methods to assess the distribution and abundance of organisms in a local area
[e] Use Spearman’s rank correlation
[f] Use Simpson’s index of diversity
The lessons are detailed, engaging and contain exam-style questions with mark schemes embedded in the PowerPoint to allow the students to apply and assess their understanding
Each of the 6 specification points in topic 8.2 of the Edexcel A-level Biology B specification are covered by the 6 lessons included in this bundle:
(i) Understanding of the key genetic terms
(ii) Be able to construct genetic crosses and pedigree diagrams
(iii) Understand the inheritance of two non-interacting unlinked genes
(iv) Understand that autosomal linkage results from the presence of alleles on the same chromosome
(v) Understand sex linkage on the X chromosome
(vi) Be able to use the chi squared test
The lessons contain step by step guides that walk students through the key details of this topic, such as the construction of genetic crosses or the calculation of the chi squared value. There are also lots of exam-style questions to challenge the students to apply their understanding and the mark schemes that are embedded in the PowerPoints will allow them to assess their progress.
The sex linkage lesson has been uploaded for free if you would like to sample the quality of lessons in this bundle.
This lesson describes how random and non-random sampling strategies can be carried out to measure the biodiversity of a habitat. The PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets are part of the first lesson in a series of 2 which have been designed to cover the content of point 4.2.1 (b) (i) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification and this lesson specifically focuses on sampling plant species. The second lesson covers the sampling of animal species using apparatus such as pooters and sweeping nets.
The lesson begins with a challenge, where the students have to recognise the terms random and stratified from descriptions that were met in modules 2.1.6 and 3.1.1. This introduces the concept of sampling and emphasises its importance in the measurement of biodiversity and the students will learn that there is random sampling as well as non-random sampling, and that one of these strategies is known as stratified. The next part of the lesson focuses on the random sampling of a habitat where the results found with a quadrat are used to estimate the population of sessile species like plants. Due to the heavy mathematical content in the A-level Biology exams, a step by step guide is used to walk the students through the key stages in these calculations and includes the extra steps needed when the quadrat does not have an area of 1 metre squared. A series of exam-style questions will then challenge them to apply their understanding and mark schemes are embedded in the PowerPoint to allow them to immediately assess their progress. The use of quadrats that have been divided into 100 squares and point frames to estimate percentage ground cover are also discussed and the overall advantages and disadvantages of random sampling are considered.
Moving forwards, the stratified, opportunistic and systematic strategies of non-random sampling are discussed and again the advantages and disadvantages of all three are considered. Time is taken to focus on line and belt transects and students will learn that the latter can be particularly useful when an abiotic factor appears to change across a habitat.
This lesson describes the different types of pathogens that can cause communicable diseases in plants and animals. The PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets have been primarily designed to cover point 4.1.1 (a) of the OCR A-level Biology specification but as this is the first lesson in module 4, it has been specifically planned to make links to upcoming topics such as phagocytosis, vaccinations and classification.
viruses - HIV/AIDS, influenza, TMV
bacteria - TB, cholera, ring rot
protoctista - malaria
fungi - athlete’s foot, black sigatoka, ringworm,
The diseases shown above are covered by the detailed content of this lesson and the differing mechanisms of action of the four types of pathogens are discussed and considered throughout. For example, time is taken to describe how HIV uses a glycoprotein to attach to T helper cells whilst toxins released by bacteria damage the host tissue and the Plasmodium parasite is transmitted from one host to another by a vector to cause malaria.
The accompanying worksheets contain a range of exam-style questions, including a mathematical calculation, and mark schemes are embedded into the PowerPoint to allow students to immediately assess their understanding.
This lesson discusses how biodiversity may be considered at different levels and describes how to calculate Simpson’s Index of diversity. The PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets have primarily been designed to cover points 4.2.1 (a, c and d) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification but also make links to the upcoming topics of classification, natural selection and adaptations
A quiz competition called BIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY SNAP runs over the course of the lesson and this will engage the students whilst challenging them to recognise species, population, biodiversity, community and natural selection from their respective definitions. Once biodiversity as the variety of living organisms in a habitat is revealed, the students will learn that this can relate to a range of habitats, from those in the local area to the Earth. Moving forwards, the students will begin to understand that biodiversity can be considered at a range of levels which include within a habitat, within a species and within different habitats so that they can be compared. Species richness as a measure of the number of different species in a community is met and a biological example in the rainforests of Madagascar is used to increase its relevance. However, students will also be introduced to species evenness and will learn that in order for a habitat to be deemed to be biodiverse, it must be both species rich and even. The students are introduced to an unfamiliar formula that calculates the heterozygosity index and are challenged to apply their knowledge to this situation, as well as linking a low H value to natural selection. The rest of the lesson focuses on the calculation of Simpson’s Index of diversity and a 4-step guide is used to walk students through each part of the calculation. This is done in combination with a worked example to allow students to visualise how the formula should be applied to actual figures. Using the method, they will then calculate a value of D for a comparable habitat to allow the two values to be considered and the significance of a higher value is explained. All of the exam-style questions have mark schemes embedded in the PowerPoint to allow students to continuously assess their progress and understanding.
This lesson describes the meaning of biodiversity, explains how it relates to a range of habitats, and describes how to calculate an index of diversity. The PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets are part of the first in a series of 2 lessons that have been designed to cover the content of topic 4.6 of the AQA A-level Biology specification. The second lesson describes the balance between conservation and farming.
A quiz competition called BIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY SNAP runs over the course of the lesson and this will engage the students whilst challenging them to recognise species, population, biodiversity, community and natural selection from their respective definitions. Once biodiversity as the variety of living organisms in a habitat is revealed, the students will learn that this can relate to a range of habitats, from those in the local area to the Earth. When considering the biodiversity of a local habitat, the need for sampling is discussed and some key details are provided to initially prepare the students for these lessons in topic 7. Moving forwards, the students will learn that it is possible to measure biodiversity within a habitat, within a species and within different habitats so that they can be compared. Species richness as a measure of the number of different species in a community is met and a biological example in the rainforests of Madagascar is used to increase its relevance. The students are introduced to an unfamiliar formula that calculates the heterozygosity index and are challenged to apply their knowledge to this situation, as well as linking a low H value to natural selection. The rest of the lesson focuses on the index of diversity and a 3-step guide is used to walk students through each part of the calculation. This is done in combination with a worked example to allow students to visualise how the formula should be applied to actual figures. Using the method, they will then calculate a value of d for a comparable habitat to allow the two values to be considered and the significance of a higher value is explained. All of the exam-style questions have mark schemes embedded in the PowerPoint to allow students to continuously assess their progress and understanding.
This lesson explains that autosomal linkage results from the presence of alleles on the same chromosome and uses biological examples to demonstrate this concept. The PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets have been designed to cover point 8.2 (iv) of the Edexcel A-level Biology B specification and supports students in the formation of their descriptions of how these results of these crosses can be explained by the events of meiosis (crossing over)
This is a difficult topic which can be poorly understood by students so extra time was taken during the planning to split the concept into small chunks. There is a clear focus on using the number of parent phenotypes and recombinants in the offspring as a way to determine linkage and suggest how the loci of the two genes compare. Important links to other topics such as crossing over in meiosis are made to enable students to understand how the random formation of the point of contact (chiasma) determines whether new phenotypes will be seen in the offspring or not. Linkage is an important cause of variation and the difference between observed and expected results and this is emphasised on a number of occasions and a link to the chi squared test which is covered in an upcoming lesson is also made. The main task of the lesson act as understanding check where students are challenged to analyse the results of genetic crosses involving the inheritance of the ABO blood group gene and the nail-patella syndrome gene n humans and also the inheritance of body colour and wing length in Drosophila.
This lesson explains the difference between non-infectious and infectious diseases and names the pathogens that cause examples of the latter. The PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets have been primarily designed to cover points 10.1 (a & b) of the CIE A-level Biology specification but as this is the first lesson in topic 10, links to upcoming topics such as the immune response and vaccinations are introduced.
The lesson begins with a challenge where the students have to use descriptions to recognise CHD, HIV and TB as diseases that are commonly referred to by their abbreviations. This leads into a description of the meaning of disease before the students are challenged to use any prior knowledge of this topic to recognise that CHD is an examples of a non-infectious disease whereas HIV and TB are examples of infectious diseases. Specification point 10.1 (a) states that students should know about sickle cell anaemia and lung cancer so the next section of the lesson focuses on the key details of these diseases and when considering the former, their knowledge of gene mutations, protein synthesis and haemoglobin is tested.
viruses - HIV/AIDS, influenza, measles, smallpox
bacteria - TB, cholera,
protoctista - malaria
The infectious diseases shown above are covered by the remainder of this lesson and the differing mechanisms of action of these three types of pathogens are discussed and considered throughout. For example, time is taken to describe how HIV uses a glycoprotein to attach to T helper cells whilst toxins released by bacteria damage the host tissue and the Plasmodium parasite is transmitted from one host to another by a vector to cause malaria.
The accompanying worksheets contain a range of exam-style questions, including a mathematical calculation, and mark schemes are embedded into the PowerPoint to allow students to immediately assess their understanding.
This lesson describes how to analyse data using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The PowerPoint and accompanying exam-style question are part of the second lesson in a series of 2 lessons which have been designed to cover point 10.1 (vi) of the Edexcel A-level Biology B specification. The first lesson in this series described how to analyse data using the standard deviation and the t-test
As with the previous lesson, a step by step guide is used to walk the students through the use of the formula to generate the rank coefficient and to determine whether there is a positive correlation, no correlation or a negative correlation. The students are also reminded of the null hypothesis and will be shown how to accept or reject this hypothesis and to determine significance. The students will work through an example with the class and then are given the opportunity to apply their newly-acquired knowledge to an exam-style question. The mark scheme is displayed on the PowerPoint so they can assess their understanding
This lesson evaluates the methods used by zoos and seed banks in the conservation of endangered species and their genetic diversity. The PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been primarily designed to cover point 4.21 of the Edexcel International A-level Biology specification but as this is potentially the last lesson in this topic, lots of questions and activities have been included that will challenge the students on their knowledge and understanding of topic 4 (Plant structure and function, Biodiversity and Conservation).
Hours of research went into the planning of this lesson to source interesting examples and although the main focus of the lesson is the zoo and seed banks as ex situ conservation methods, the lesson begins with a consideration of the importance of the in situ methods that are used in the Lake Télé Community reserve in the Republic of Congo and the marine conservation zone in the waters surrounding Tristan da Cunha. Students will learn how this form of active management conserves habitats and species in their natural environment, with the aim of minimising human impact whilst maintaining biodiversity.
To enrich their understanding of ex situ conservation, the well-known examples of ZSL London zoo, Kew Gardens and the Millennium Seed Bank Project in Wakehurst are used. Students will understand how conserving animal species outside of their natural habitat allows for human intervention that ensures the animals are fed and given medical assistance when needed as well as reproductive assistance to increase the likelihood of the successful breeding of endangered species. An emphasis is placed on the desire to reintroduce the species into the wild and the example of some initial successes with the mountain chicken frog in Dominica and Montserrat is discussed. As stated in the specification point, these methods must be evaluated and therefore the issues are also considered and there is a focus on the susceptibility of captive populations to diseases as a result of their limited genetic diversity. The final part of the lesson considers how seed banks can be used to ensure that plant species, which may contain the molecules for medicine development, avoid extinction, and how the plants can be bred asexually to increase plant populations quickly.
Due to the extensiveness of this lesson, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 2/3 hours of allocated A-level teaching time to cover the tasks and content included in the lesson and as explained above, it can also be used as revision of topic 4 content
This lesson describes how to obtain and use sampling results to calculate an estimate for the population size of a sessile, slow-moving or motile organism. The PowerPoint and accompanying worksheets are part of the second lesson in a series of 4 lessons that have been designed to cover the content of topic 7.4 (Populations in ecosystems) of the AQA A-level Biology specification and includes descriptions of the use of randomly placed quadrats, quadrats along a belt transect and the mark-release-recapture method.
As you can see from the image, step by step guides are included in the lesson that walk the students through each stage of the calculations and these are followed by opportunities to challenge their understanding by answering exam-style questions. Mark schemes for the 7 questions that are answered over the course of the lesson are embedded into the PowerPoint and this allows the students to assess their progress. When considering the mark-release-recapture method, the assumptions that are made and the precautions that need to be taken are considered and the students are challenged to link the changes in the numbers of rabbits to the topic of stabilising selection.
This revision lesson provides students with the opportunity to assess their understanding of topic 7 and identify those areas which need revisiting. Included in the lesson is a multiple-choice assessment consisting of 20 questions and a PowerPoint revealing the answers, along with explanations and workings for the more difficult questions, and key points which relate to the AQA A-level biology specification.
The title of topic 7 is genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems and content from all four of the sub-topics in this topic is challenged within this assessment. The PowerPoint also contains further questions on topic 7 to challenge knowledge not directly covered in the 20 questions and prior knowledge checks when the content links to work covered in one of the previous 6 topics.
This lesson has been designed to be used at the end of the topic and/or in the build up to the final A-level assessments.
A fully resourced revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions (with explained answers), quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable the students to assess their understanding of the topics found within module 6.1.2 (Patterns of inheritance) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification.
The topics tested within this lesson include:
Genetic variation
Monogenic inheritance
Dihybrid inheritance
Multiple alleles
Sex linkage
Codominance
Epistasis
Using the chi-squared test
Discontinuous and continuous variation
The Hardy Weinberg principle
Student will enjoy the range of tasks and quiz rounds whilst crucially being able to recognise any areas which require further attention
A fully resourced lesson which uses a combination of exam questions, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the topics found within module 5.2 (Excretion as an example of homeostatic control) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification.
The following topics are tested within the lesson:
Excretion
The structure of the liver
Liver function
Kidney structure
Kidney function
Osmoregulation
Kidney failure
Students will be engaged through the various activities whilst crucially being able to recognise those areas which need further attention.
This bundle of 20 fully-resourced lessons have been designed to allow students who are studying the AQA GCSE Combined Science course to assess their understanding of the topics found within the following units of the specification:
B1: Cell Biology
B2: Organisation
B4: Bioenergetics
B5: Homeostasis and response
B6: Inheritance, variation and evolution
B7: Ecology
C1: Atomic structure and the periodic table
C2: Bonding, structure and properties of matter
C3: Quantitative chemistry
C4: Chemical changes
C5: Energy changes
C6: The rate and extent of chemical change
C7: Organic chemistry
C8: Chemical analysis
C9: Chemistry of the atmosphere
P1: Energy
P2: Electricity
P4: Atomic structure
P5: Forces
P6: Waves
These lessons use a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to engage and motivate the students
This bundle of 8 lessons covers the majority of the content in Topic B2 (Organisation) of the AQA Trilogy GCSE Combined Science specification. The topics covered within these lessons include:
Enzymes
Enzyme reactions
The Heart
The Blood vessels
The Blood
Cardiovascular disease
Health and disease
Risk factors for non-communicable diseases
Transport in plants through the xylem and phloem
Transpiration (and stomata)
All of these lesson presentations and accompanying resources are detailed and engaging and contain regular progress checks to allow the students to constantly assess their understanding.
This bundle of 7 lessons covers the majority of the content in Topic B7 (Ecology) of the AQA Trilogy GCSE Combined Science specification. The topics covered within these lessons include:
Competition
Abiotic and biotic factors
Food chains
Using quadrats and transects
The Carbon cycle
Biodiversity
Deforestation and land use
All of these lesson presentations and accompanying resources are detailed and engaging and contain regular progress checks to allow the students to constantly assess their understanding.
This bundle of 10 lessons covers the majority of the content in Topic B5 (Genes, inheritance and selection) of the OCR Gateway A GCSE Combined Science specification. The topics covered within these lessons include:
Variation
Types of reproduction
Meiosis
Genetic diagrams
Sex determination
Classification
Evolution by natural selection
Evidence for evolution
All of these lesson presentations and accompanying resources are detailed and engaging and contain regular progress checks to allow the students to constantly assess their understanding. It is estimated that this bundle would cover about 6 week’s worth of lessons.
This bundle of 3 lessons covers all of the content in the sub-topic B1.1 (Cell structures) of the OCR Gateway A GCSE Combined Science specification. The topics covered within these lessons include:
Animal and plant cells
Bacterial cells
Light microscopy
Electron microscopy
All of these lesson presentations and accompanying resources are detailed and engaging and contain regular progress checks to allow the students to constantly assess their understanding.
This bundle of 4 lessons covers the majority of the content in the sub-topic B3.3 (Maintaining internal environments) of the OCR Gateway A GCSE Biology specification. The topics covered within these lessons include:
Controlling body temperature
Controlling blood sugar
Diabetes type I and II
Inside the kidney
All of these lesson presentations and accompanying resources are detailed and engaging and contain regular progress checks to allow the students to constantly assess their understanding.