Eighteen out of 30 secondary school subjects have increasingly been taught by non-specialists over the past five years, Labour has claimed.
Business and economics, physics, French and engineering have all seen a drop in the number of hours of expert teaching since 2017-18, according to party analysis of official figures.
However, the number of hours of maths, English, chemistry and other modern languages taught by specialists has increased in the same timeframe, the same Department for Education data shows.
The subject most often taught by non-experts is engineering - at 80 per cent of lessons, Labour said.
Specialist teachers are defined by both the DfE and Labour as those with any relevant post-A level qualification.
Teacher recruitment problems in schools
Labour’s shadow education secretary, Bridget Phillipson, accused the Conservatives of creating “the perfect storm” for schools, with experts leaving the profession in droves.
“We are determined to calm the perfect storm in our teaching workforce, which is seeing new recruits and experienced teachers leaving in their droves, with our children’s education paying the price,” she said.
Labour has pledged to smash the “class ceiling” by reforming the education system if it wins the next election.
It says its focus is on boosting vocational learning, ensuring that every child has a specialist teacher in their classroom by recruiting 6,500 new teachers, and prioritising oracy skills to help young people with future careers and life skills.
However, the party has come under fire for confirming that it would keep the controversial two-child benefit cap, which has been blamed for pushing families into poverty.
In response to this criticism of the Conservatives’ record on education, education secretary Gillian Keegan tweeted that Labour were “all talk and no substance”, accusing the party of having a history of poor teacher recruitment.
A party spokesperson said: “We will take no lectures from the Labour Party on teacher retention.
“In Labour-run Wales, [Labour leader] Keir Starmer’s blueprint for the UK, teacher vacancies are rising dramatically, and Wales is at the bottom of the league tables - Labour clearly cannot be trusted to deliver the education that our children deserve.
“Under the Conservatives, there are now 27,000 more teachers in our schools than in 2010, and this Conservative government has delivered the highest number of full-time teachers on record, who have received the highest pay rise in 30 years.”
A teaching union boss welcomed Labour’s acknowledgment of the recruitment problems that schools are facing, but warned that “much more movement” is needed to change the “negative direction”.
Kevin Courtney, joint general secretary of the NEU, said: “Labour’s announcement is welcome - but such is the scale of Conservative neglect, there will need to be much more movement to change the negative direction. We look forward to further announcements from Labour.”
The DfE missed its target for secondary teacher trainees starting courses in September 2022 by 41 per cent, with fears of under-recruitment again this year.
