Core school spending per pupil in England will remain lower in real terms than in 2009-10 despite the government’s funding boost, a new analysis suggests.

Schools serving disadvantaged communities face the “biggest challenges” because they have seen larger cuts in per pupil spending over the past decade, Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) researchers have warned.

Their report says this runs “counter to the government’s objective of levelling up” poorer areas across the country and it will make it “much harder” for schools in deprived areas to catch up with lost learning after the pandemic.

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Total school spending per pupil in England was just over £6,500 in 2019-20, which is 9 per cent lower in real terms than its high point of £7,200 in 2009-10, according to the IFS analysis.

The government has allocated an extra £7.1 billion for schools in England through to 2022-23, which will increase spending per pupil by over 8 per cent, but school spending per pupil in 2022-23 will still be around 1-2 per cent lower in real terms than in 2009-10 despite the funding allocation, it suggests.

School funding: Disadvantaged pupils hit hardest by real-terms cuts

The research, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, examines trends in day-to-day core school spending in England and excludes extra spending during the pandemic, such as the £3 billion allocated for catch-up.

It calculates that school spending per pupil in 2022-23 will still be 1 per cent lower in 2009-10 after accounting for overall inflation, or 2 per cent after accounting for the growth in specific costs faced by schools.

Luke Sibieta, research fellow at the IFS, said: “The 9 per cent fall in school spending per pupil in England over the decade between 2009 and 2019 is the largest in more than 40 years, and probably a lot longer.

“The fact that it still won’t have recovered back to 2009 levels by 2022 shows just how big the squeeze has been. This will make it that much harder for schools to address the major challenge of helping pupils to catch up on lost learning alongside everything else they are required to do.

“Schools serving disadvantaged communities face the biggest challenges. They faced the biggest cuts up to 2019 and are now receiving the smallest rises.

“This pattern runs counter to the government’s aim of levelling up poorer parts of the country.”

The report suggests that the most deprived secondary schools saw a 14 per cent real-terms fall in spending per pupil between 2009-10 and 2019-20, against a 9 per cent drop for the least deprived schools.

It adds that funding allocated for the least deprived schools will increase by 8-9 per cent in real terms between 2017-18 and 2022-23, but by only 5 per cent for the most deprived schools.

Josh Hillman, director of education at the Nuffield Foundation, said: “This IFS research reveals that the largest reductions in per pupil spending have been experienced by schools in deprived areas.

“We also know that the most disadvantaged pupils are more likely to be behind on their learning as a result of disruptions to their education during the Covid-19 crisis.

“It is crucial that schools in deprived areas receive appropriate and well-directed funding so that they can help to close the disadvantage gap and ensure all children can reach their potential.”

Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders (ASCL), said: “This research clearly shows that the additional £7.1 billion being put into schools by the government isn’t enough to reverse the cuts of the preceding decade and that its approach has failed to adequately support schools in disadvantaged areas.

“This completely undermines its claims to be ‘levelling up’ when this is manifestly not the case.”

In June, the Department for Education announced an additional £1.4 billion of funding, on top of the £1.7 billion already promised for catch-up, to help pupils in England make up for lost learning.

Sir Kevan Collins, the former education catch-up commissioner, quit over the government’s funding, describing it as “a bit feeble”. He had proposed a £15 billion recovery package for education.

Kate Green, Labour’s shadow education secretary, said: “Conservative cuts have hammered school budgets over the last decade.

“Children’s opportunities have been stripped away as class sizes have soared to record levels and enriching extracurricular activities have been cut back.

“This damage is compounded by the Conservatives’ failure to invest in the ambitious recovery plan needed to help children bounce back from the pandemic.”

A Department for Education spokesperson said: “This government is providing the biggest uplift to school funding in a decade - £14 billion in total over the three years to 2022-23. This is a £7.1 billion increase in funding for schools, compared to 2019-20 funding levels.

“Next year, funding is increasing by 3.2 per cent overall, and by 2.8 per cent per pupil, compared to 2021-22.

“The National Funding Formula continues to distribute this fairly, based on the needs of schools and their pupil cohorts.”