In this lesson, students will investigate where Medieval people gained their ideas about medicine and healthcare from. Students will look at how other religions and societies influence knowledge in Britain such as knowledge from Islamic/Arab countries. They will also be able to explain the influence of the Church, supernatural ideas about astrology and the influences of Galen and Hippocrates – especially the idea of the Four Humours. This is a fully resourced lesson which includes printable fact sheets and worksheets as well as engaging background information, warm up tasks and learning reviews. The lesson includes the following: Slide 1: Title slide – Where did Medieval ideas about Medicine come from? Slide 2: Outline of the main lessons aims Slide 3: As you come in activity and challenge Slide 4: Source image starter discussion linked to Medieval medicine Slide 5-6: Background information about the influence of other religions and societies Slide 7-8: Background information about the influence of Hippocrates, Galen and the Four Humours Side 9: Background information about the influence of the Christian Church Slide 10: Background information about the influence of Astrology Slide 11: Printable worksheet – Tasks based on the work of Hippocrates and Galen Slide 12-13: Activity: Printable worksheet and instructions Slide 14: Challenge Questions Slide 15-16: Learning Review – Fill in the missing key terms & facts (with answers) Slide 17: Example exam questions Slide 18: Lesson Fact Sheet – Includes all the background information needed for this lesson based on the GCSE specification. I would be grateful if you could leave a review for the lesson if you feel the lesson is effective for you. Many thanks if you spend some of your valuable time doing this as feedback is highly valued. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you.

In this lesson, students will further study the beliefs that people had in Medieval England about the causes of disease. They will also examine the various treatments which were used by Medieval people to cure their illnesses. Students will recap the idea of the Four Humours, Galen and Hippocrates and religion as well as look at treatments such as bloodletting, purging, prayer, apothecaries, wise women and barber surgeons. This is a fully resourced lesson which includes a printable fact sheet based on the GCSE AQA specification as well as worksheets, discussion tasks, engaging background information, warm up tasks and learning reviews. The lesson includes the following: Slide 1: Title slide – Where did Medieval ideas about Medicine come from? Slide 2: Outline of the main lessons aims Slide 3: As you come in activity and challenge Slide 4: Warm Up: Task about modern day treatments for illness Slide 5: The difference between natural (rational) and supernatural beliefs and treatments. Slide 6-9: 4 different visual sources such as urine charts, zodiac charts, bloodletting and apothecary each with background information and discussion questions. Side 10: Background information about apothecaries and Medieval remedies. Slide 11-12: Activity 1 – Printable note making table and instructions/model Slide 13-14: Activity 2: Printable question worksheet and instructions Slide 15: Challenge Questions Slide 16: Links to useful clips and Reading Slide 17: Learning Review 1 – Image Quiz Slide 18-20: Learning Review 2 – Key term match up with answers and printable sheet Slide 21: Example Exam Question – ‘How useful’ Slide 22: Lesson Fact Sheet – Based on information from the AQA GCSE specification I would be grateful if you could leave a review for the lesson if you feel the lesson is effective for you. Many thanks if you spend some of your valuable time doing this as feedback is highly valued. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you.

This lesson examines the consequences and the importance of the construction of the transcontinental railroad for the development of the American West as well as the impact on the Plains Indians. All of the lessons for the American West unit contain a variety of learning tasks suitable for all abilities, practice exam questions, engaging individual or group activities as well as the key information needed for the Edexcel Specification. Each lesson features a fact sheet which is intended to be used as a substitute for the text book. Therefore, this lesson contains everything you will need for the lesson. If you have found this lesson effective, please be kind enough to leave a review. 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, photographic and illustrative images have been attributed where appropriate and are all in the public domain. Clipart/vector images are also all creativecommons.publicdomain.zero.1.0. Images created by myself using Power Point tools have also been noted as creations of RAResources © Please contact me in person if you see any errors.

This lesson looks at why Mary, Queen of Scots was a threat to England and how their relationship weakened. All of the lessons for the Early Elizabethan England unit contain a variety of learning tasks suitable for all abilities, practice exam questions, engaging individual or group activities as well as the key information needed for the Edexcel Specification. Each lesson features a fact sheet which is intended to be used as a substitute for the text book. Therefore, this lesson contains everything you will need for the lesson. If you have found this lesson effective, please be kind enough to leave a review. 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, photographic and illustrative images have been attributed where appropriate and are all in the public domain. Clipart/vector images are also all creativecommons.publicdomain.zero.1.0. Images created by myself using Power Point tools have also been noted as creations of RAResources © Please contact me in person if you see any errors.

This lesson examines the decline of the cattle industry during the 1880s and consequently the changing life of the cowboy. All of the lessons for the American West unit contain a variety of learning tasks suitable for all abilities, practice exam questions, engaging individual or group activities as well as the key information needed for the Edexcel Specification. Each lesson features a fact sheet which is intended to be used as a substitute for the text book. Therefore, this lesson contains everything you will need for the lesson. If you have found this lesson effective, please be kind enough to leave a review. 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, photographic and illustrative images have been attributed where appropriate and are all in the public domain. Clipart/vector images are also all creativecommons.publicdomain.zero.1.0. Images created by myself using Power Point tools have also been noted as creations of RAResources © Please contact me in person if you see any errors.

This lesson examines the new era of Early Modern England and in particular has a focus on the crimes of heresy and treason. All of the resources for the teaching of this unit are included and so there is no need for any text books. Slide 1: Title Slide - To explain the changing laws of heresy and treason in Early Modern England Slide 2: Welcome to Early Modern England - Background Information Slide 3: Early Modern England Recap Quiz Slide 4: Early Modern England Recap Quiz answers Slide 5: Early Modern England student print out Slide 6: Background Information - Treason and Heresy Slide 7: Printable activity sheet for students to begin explaining why crimes changed in this era Slide 8: An outline of the two task sheets with challenge exam question Slide 9: Lesson Recap (true or false and key word hangman) Slide 10: Lesson Recap answers Slide 11: Practice exam question Slide 12: Lesson Fact Sheet Slide 13: What causes change slide 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, all photographic and illustrative images have been attributed where appropriate and/or are all in the public domain. Clipart/vector images are all creativecommons.publicdomain.zero.1.0 which do not have to be attributed. If you have any issues regarding copyright please email me in the first instance.

This lesson allows students to exam the impact that the First World War and the Second World War had on migration to Britain as well as migration after 1945 to help re-build Britain. As with every resource in this topic, all learning resources such as worksheets, fact sheets and activities are included - there is no need for any additional text books. 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, photographic and illustrative images have been attributed where appropriate and are all in the public domain. Clipart/vector images are also all creativecommons.publicdomain.zero.1.0. Images created by myself using Power Point tools have also been noted as creations of RAResources © Please contact me in person if you see any errors in the first instance. Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: GCSE graded learning outcomes Slide 3 - 4: World War One and World War Two basic fact quiz to link to learning Slide 5: A map showing the main location of migrant groups covered in the lesson Slide 6: An overview of the migrant groups examined in the lesson Slide 7: Activity - When did migrant groups come to Britain? Slide 8: Worksheet based on answers from the lesson fact sheet Slides 9-15: High quality photographs of migrant groups and their contributions during and after the world wars Slide 16:Example 4 mark questions Slide 17: Example 12 and 16 mark questions Slide 18: Learning Review activity Slide 19: Lesson Fact Sheet

This lesson examines the racism in Notting Hill and in particular the institutionalised racism by the Metropolitan Police during this time. As with all lessons, I have produced a fact sheet which includes all the content subject knowledge needed for this lesson. There is therefore no requirement for any text book. Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Lesson aims Slide 3-4: Recap Quiz about Caribbean culture with answers revealed on slide 4. Slide 5: Starter Discussion - Questions about the treatment of black people by the police at the time Slide 6: Background knowledge explaining why few black people in Notting Hill reported racially motivated crimes. Slide 7: Discussion and information slide about the ways that the Metropolitan Police at this time were racist. Slide 8: Background information about anti-immigrant groups such as the Teddy Boys, White Defence League and the Union Movement. Slides 9-13: Photographic sources from the time Slide 14: A source and knowledge based worksheet printable for students Slide 15: Challenge questions Slide 16 - 17: Example ‘Two features’ exam questions with printable student answer sheet. Slides 18-20: Example ‘Follow Up’ question with printable students answer sheets, suggested structure and examples of sources which could be used as evidence. Slide 21: Learning Review - 3 discussion questions from the lesson. Slide 22: Lesson Information Fact Sheet

In this lesson, students will be given all the facts they need to help them fully explain the reasons why Philip II’s Spanish Armada was defeated by the English during the reign of Elizabeth I. Students will be able to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of each side using a range of easy to access historical sources, fact sheets and top trump style activities. The lesson will then provide a guide for students to help them complete a piece of extended writing about the reasons for the Spanish defeat. This single resource contains: 1 x main lesson PowerPoint 1 x A4 set of fact sheets 1 x A4 set of differentiated fact sheets 1 x A4 writing frame The lesson contains plenty of activities, printable resources, starter and plenary tasks, engaging background information and discussion points for both high and lower ability students. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. Thank you.

In this 23 slide lesson, students will investigate the many developments made in medicine as a result of the First World War. Foor instance, students will study shell shock, the methods used to treat infection, X-rays, the treatment of broken bones, developments in blood transfusions and plastic surgery. This is a fully resources lesson which includes a warmup, starter task, engaging background information, various learning activities, challenge tasks and learning reviews. The lesson includes the following: Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2: Outline of the main lesson aims Slide 3: As you enter warm up discussion tasks. Slide 4-6: Starter Task – Medical vocabulary task with printable sheets and answers. Slide 7: Background information & discussion task about the problems of treating soldiers on the Western Front. Slide 8-9: Activity 1: How does war help progress in medicine? Fill in exercise with answers revealed. Slide 10: Lesson fact sheet covering all aspects of medical progress and developments. Side 11-16: Image based background information about each development – ideal to use when reading through the fact sheet. Slide 17: Activity 2: Printable lesson worksheet Slide 18: Activity 3: Extended writing task Slide 19: Useful clips about medicine in the First World War Slide 20: Challenge Tasks Slide 21-23: Learning Review Crossword with printable crosswords and answers revealed. I would be grateful if you could leave a review for the lesson if you feel the lesson is effective for you. Many thanks if you spend some of your valuable time doing this and your feedback is highly valued. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you.

This lesson can be specifically used for Edexcel GCSE History (1-9) British Depth Study – Henry VIII & his Ministers OR it can be easily adapted to teach students about why Henry VIII’s attempts to gain an annulment had failed by 1529. The lesson is suited for or could easily be adapted for students aged 12-16 This lesson examines the following questions relating to Henry’s annulment: Why did Henry VIII want an annulment to his marriage with Catherine of Aragon? What were the reasons for the failure to gain an annulment? Which of these reasons was the most significant? This is a fully resourced lesson which includes a printable fact sheet based on the GCSE Edexcel specification as well as worksheets, discussion tasks, engaging background information, warm up tasks and learning reviews. The downloaded lesson includes the following: 1x A4 printable worksheet/diagram of the reasons for the failure 1x A4 printable worksheet learning review 1x main Power Point: Slide 1: Title slide – Henry’s failure to gain an annulment by 1529. Slide 2: Main Lesson Aims Slide 3: As You Enter Warm Up: Students to examine and describe a painting of the annulment hearing. They will return to this at the end of the lesson. Slide 4: Learning Recap 1: Students use images to help them recap reasons why Henry VIII wanted to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Slide 5-6: Learning Recap 2: Useful recap questions with added challenge questions linked to the lesson. Answers revealed. Slide 7: Background information: A slide showing the key individuals responsible for the failure of the annulment. Slide 8: Task 1: An explanation of the main sorting task which helps explain the reasons for the failure – links to the A4 explanation sheet. Slide 9: Task 2: A task which asks students to summerise the main reasons for the failure in the format of a table. Slide 10: Follow Up Challenge Tasks: 5 higher level questions based on the lesson. Side 11: Example exam questions Slide 12: Learning Review 1 Activity Slide 13: Learning Review 2 Activity (links to the A4 worksheet) Slide 14: Lesson Fact Sheet I would be really grateful if you could leave a review for the lesson if you feel the lesson is effective for you. Many thanks if you spend some of your valuable time doing this as feedback is highly valued. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you.

In this lesson, students will be able to investigate the brief marriage between Henry VIII and his third wife Jane Seymour. The lesson is suited for or could easily be adapted for students aged 12-16 This lesson examines the following questions relating to Henry and Jane’s marriage: Why did Henry marry Jane so soon after Anne Boleyn’s death? Why was Jane’s birth to a baby boy so significant for Henry? What influence did Jane and her family have on Henry and Edward? This is a fully resourced lesson which includes a printable fact sheet based on the GCSE Edexcel specification as well as worksheets, discussion tasks, engaging background information, warm up tasks and learning reviews. The downloaded lesson includes the following: 1x main Power Point: Slide 1: Title slide – Jane Seymour: Marriage, childbirth & Influence on Henry Slide 2: Main Lesson Aims Slide 3: As You Enter Warm Up: A numeracy/mathematical activity based on Henry’s age when he married. Slide 4-5: Recap Quiz: Students will decide if the statement best describes Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn or both. Answers given. Slide 6: Starter Question: Why was having a healthy baby boy so important to Henry? Slide 7: Source Analysis: Students study a painting of Henry, Edward and Jane Seymour and answer questions based on the image and its reliability. Slide 8-9: Background information – An overview of why Henry no longer had any legitimate heirs by 1536. This also covers the Act of Succession and Henry Fitzroy (Henry’s illegitimate son). Slide 10-11: Task 1 – A basic worksheet for students to complete which directly links to the fact sheet at the end of the lesson. Slide 12: Task 2 – How successful was the marriage between Henry VIII and Jane Seymour? A table-based activity. Slide 13: Follow Up Challenge Questions Slide 14: Example Exam Questions Slide 15-17: Learning Review Crossword with answers revealed and a printable sheet Slide 18: Lesson fact sheet I would be really grateful if you could leave a review for the lesson if you feel the lesson is effective for you. Many thanks if you spend some of your valuable time doing this as feedback is highly valued. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you.

In this lesson, students will both recap the main roles of the monasteries in early Tudor England and then go on to explain the main reasons for the Dissolution of the Monasteries starting in 1536. The lesson is suited for or could easily be adapted for students aged 12-16 This lesson examines the following questions: What were the main roles and functions of the monasteries? What part did Thomas Cromwell play in the dissolution of the monasteries? What were the main causes of the dissolution of the monasteries? This is a fully resourced lesson which includes a printable fact sheet as well as worksheets, discussion tasks, engaging background information, warm up tasks and learning reviews. The downloaded lesson includes the following: 1x main Power Point: Slide 1: Title slide – The Causes of the Dissolution of the Monasteries Slide 2: Main Lesson Aims Slide 3: As You Enter Warm Up: In what ways do modern day school inspections provide reliable and unreliable evidence about a school? This is linked to the issues of accuracy linked to Cromwell’s investigations. Slide 4: Starter Definition: What was the Dissolution of the Monasteries? Slide 5-6: Recap Activity: What were the main rules and functions of the monasteries? Answers revealed. Slide 7: Starter Task: A decision making discussion. Slide 8-11: Starter Task 2: Students introduced to how Cromwell investigated the monasteries and analyse various sources linked to his findings about the poor behaviour of monks and nuns. They then analyse why the findings were inaccurate. Slide 12: Background Information: A basic timeline of the dissolution of the monasteries. Slide 13: Background Information: Monasteries today. Slide 14-15: Task 1: Students use the A4 worksheet provided make notes about the process of the dissolution and the causes of it. Slide 16: Task 2: Students write a speech or letter to parliament arguing why the monasteries need to be closed down. Slide 17: Follow Up Challenge Questions. Slide 18: Example exam questions. Slide 19-20: Learning Review – 10 question quiz with answers Slide 21: Lesson Fact Sheet I would be grateful if you could leave a review for the lesson if you feel the lesson is effective for you. Many thanks if you spend some of your valuable time doing this as feedback is highly valued. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you.

In this lesson, students will be able to explain the impact and consequences of the Dissolution of the Monasteries. They will also identify which groups benefitted from the closure of the monasteries and which groups lost out. The lesson is suited for or could easily be adapted for students aged 12-16 This is a fully resourced lesson which includes a printable fact sheet as well as worksheets, discussion tasks, engaging background information, warm up tasks and learning reviews. The downloaded lesson includes the following: 1x A4 printout worksheet of Task 1 1x A4 printout worksheet of Tasks 2 & 3 1x main Power Point: Slide 1: Title slide – The Impact of the Dissolution of the Monasteries Slide 2: Main Lesson Aims Slide 3: As You Enter Warm Up 1: What is happening in the illustration showing the dissolution of the monasteries? Slide 4: As You Enter Warm Up 2: What can you learn from this photograph (the ruins of an abbey in North Yorkshire) Slide 5-7: Recap Activity: What were the reasons for Henry VIII’s dissolution of the monasteries. Includes a higher and lower ability version with answers given. Slide 8-9: Starter Task: Winner or Losers? Students have to guess which groups/individuals would benefit or not from the dissolution. Answers given. Slide 10: Starter Task 2: Source analysis from a speech made by Robert Aske about the value of the monasteries. Slide 11: Task 1: Students use the A4 worksheet included in the resource to identify which groups benefitted and which groups lost out after the dissolution of the monasteries. Slide 12: Task 2: Students place each group on a scale of ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. This is also available as an A4 printable sheet. Slide 13: Task 3: Using a table provided, students outline how society was impacted by the closure of the monasteries. Slide 14: Follow Up Challenge Questions. Slide 15: Example exam questions. Slide 16: Learning Review Activity Slide 27: Lesson Fact Sheet I would be grateful if you could leave a review for the lesson if you feel the lesson is effective for you. Many thanks if you spend some of your valuable time doing this as feedback is highly valued. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues. My lessons are completed using PowerPoint and designed on widescreen formatting. Thank you.

This resource can act as an easy to access revision booklet or a basic workbook to accompany students’ learning about Henry VIII & his Ministers (Edexcel GCSE History British Depth Study). It includes 27 pages and each A4 page includes: An outline of the topic area Information directly linked to the GCSE specification Key terms linked to the topic area Questions and activities I would be really grateful if you could leave a review for the lesson if you feel the lesson is effective for you. Many thanks if you spend some of your valuable time doing this as feedback is highly valued. All images used in this lesson are in the public domain and are therefore copyright free at the time of publishing. Images which require attribution have been attributed in the notes section of each slide where the image appears. If you feel any errors have been made, please contact me at raschoolresources@gmail.com in the first instance to resolve any issues.

Two revision mind map diagrams which include space for all information from this unit plus additional post-it-note images for any extra facts the students wish to revise. Mind Map 1 - Is for contextual historical knowledge Mind Map 2 - has been left heading free for the students to adapt to their own revision about the skills needed for this part of the exam. UPDATE 2023: Please note that all images (clipart/vector/illustrations/photographs) are in the public domain and are therefore classed as Creative Commons 1.0 unless otherwise attributed in the notes section of each slide. If you believe there are any errors, please email me directly in the first instance to resolve the issue.

This lesson examines the causes, events and consequences of the Gunpowder Plot. Slide 1: Title slide Slide 2-3: Recap Task - Students have to use the initials of key terms linking to Early Modern crimes, methods of law enforcement and punishments to help them remember their learning from previous lessons Slide 4: A high quality image of the punishments given to the Gunpowder Plotters with source inference questions about what the students can see Slide 5: The basic background facts about the causes of the Gunpowder Plot Slide 6-8: Chronology Activity - students have to use their basic prior knowledge of the events to correctly place the events into the correct chronological order. Help and answers revealed as well as student friendly printouts. Slide 9: Various levelled tasks and questions abaout the events Slide 10-11: Activity to explain the outcomes of the Gunpowder Plot in terms of why laws were created afterwards Slide 12: Test Your Knowledge recap Slide 13: Lesson Fact Sheet 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, all photographic and illustrative images have been attributed where appropriate and/or are all in the public domain. Clipart/vector images are all creativecommons.publicdomain.zero.1.0 which do not have to be attributed. If you have any issues regarding copyright please email me in the first instance.

This lesson examines all aspects of continuity and change by later Medieval England. The lesson includes all the factual information as well as all of the resources you will need for teaching this lesson. There is no need for any additional text books. Slide 1: Title slide - To outline changes to crime, law enforcement and punishments in late Medieval England Slide 2-3: Starter Task - sort the crimes, methods of law enforcement and punishments - answers revealed Slide 4: Starter Task 2 Slide 5-6: Background information about the new definitions of crime in the late Medieval period. Slide 7: Task sheet (printable for students) Slide 8: Challenge Tasks Slide 9: What causes change sheet Slide 10: Lesson recap quiz Slide 11-12: Practice exam questions (similarity and difference) Slide 13: Lesson Fact Sheet Power Point 2: A4 Worksheets 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, all photographic and illustrative images have been attributed where appropriate and/or are all in the public domain. Clipart/vector images are all creativecommons.publicdomain.zero.1.0 which do not have to be attributed. If you have any issues regarding copyright please email me in the first instance.

This lesson provides students with the information needed to understand how events in the Ruhr and following hyperinflation caused more problems for the Weimar Government. All of the lessons for the Weimar and Nazi Germany topic contain a variety of learning tasks suitable for all abilities, practice exam questions, engaging individual or group activities as well as the key information needed for the Edexcel Specification. Each lesson features a fact sheet which is intended to be used as a substitute for the text book. Therefore, this lesson contains everything you will need for the lesson. If you have found this lesson effective, please be kind enough to leave a review. 2023 UPDATE INFO: To take into account copyright, photographic and illustrative images have been attributed where appropriate and are all in the public domain. Clipart/vector images are also all creativecommons.publicdomain.zero.1.0. Images created by myself using Power Point tools have also been noted as creations of RAResources © Please contact me in person if you see any errors.

This is a 29 page revision pack/home learning pack for the Edexcel GCSE History Paper 2 topic Early Elizabethan England’. Each slide contains all the information needed to study or revise for the exam paper in line with the Edexcel specification. 2023 Update - Please note that all images (clipart/vectors/illustrations) are in the public domain and are Creative Commons 1.0 unless otherwise attributed in the notes underneath each slide. If you believe there to be any errors, please email me in the first instance to resolve the issue. Please be kind enough to leave positive feedback if you feel these are effective resources. Thank you.