For University or A Level students studying Metabolism briefly and in depth.
Consists of:
What is Oxidative Phosphorylation?
Electron Transport Chain
Functional components of complexes
Cytochromes
Ochoa’s experiment
Energy coupling: Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
Mechanism of ATP synthesis
For University or A Level students studying Metabolism briefly and in depth.
Consists of:
Why do we need Gluconeogenesis?
Steps of Gluconeogenesis
Liver and Kidney
Regulation crosstalk
ATP budget of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
How can Cs enter gluconeogenesis?
Lactate and Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis and Cori Cycle
For University or A Level students studying Metabolism briefly and in depth.
Consists of:
Basics of Metabolism
Intermediary metabolism
Thermodynamics
Metabolism and Thermodynamics
For University or A Level students studying Metabolism briefly and in depth.
Consists of:
What are lipids?
Triglyceride structure
How is energy stored in and released from fat molecules?
Lipid digestion/absorption in gut
Lipid transport
Lipids handling by adipocyte
Mobilisation of triacylglycerols
Glycerol metabolism
Beta-oxidation of FAs
ATP yield of Complete oxidation of Palmitate (Saturated)
Oxidation of monounsaturated FAs
Oxidation of polyunsaturated FAs
Oxidation of odd chain FAs
Ketogenesis in Starvation
For University or A Level students studying Metabolism briefly and in depth.
Consists of:
Protein degradation
Digestion of dietary proteins
Cellular protein degradation
Dealing with excess AAs
Glutamate dehydrogenase is key enzyme in AA deamination
AA dehydrogenation drives deamination
Vitamin B6 supplies vital Cofactor for Transamination
The Urea Cycle
Nitrogen transporter to liver from peripheral tissues
Integration of Nitrogen metabolism
Fate of C skeletons
For University or A Level students studying Metabolism briefly and in depth.
Consists of:
Homeostasis
Glycolysis vs Gluconeogenesis vs Glycogenolysis
Glucose Homeostasis
Glycogen
Glycogen synthesis Enzymes
Why is Glycogen a branched chain?
Regulation of Glycogen synthesis
Glycogen degradation
Regulation of Glycogen Degradation & Metabolism
Insulin - Synthesis
Regulation of Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
Liver response to LOW Concentration of Glucose
Insulin vs Glucagon
For University or A Level students studying Metabolism briefly and in depth.
Consists of:
Steps of the TCA Cycle
How is the process aerobic
What is net reaction of TCA Cycle if cycle begins and ends with Oxaloacetate?
How is the TCA Cycle regulated?
DeltaG Values
For University or A Level students studying Metabolism briefly and in depth.
Consists of:
What are building blocks of fatty acids?
FA Synthesis - Overall Reaction
Comparison of Synthesis and Oxidation
Palmitate: Synthesis vs Oxidation
Citrate transfers Acetyl group to Cytosol
Steps of Fatty Acid synthesis
How is Fatty Acid metabolism regulated? - Allosteric & Hormonal regulation
Transporters
Channels
Facilitated transport
Passive transport
Active transport
Different types of channels
Neurotransmitters
Glucose transport
Rate of transport through passive transporters
Active Transport via ATPase pumps
Secondary active transport
Resting potential
Why is resting potential important?
What defines a cell?
How are cells alike?
What are prions and what diseases can it cause?
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Unicellular Eukaryotic cells
Cell Membrane
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Cytosol
Cytoskeleton
Special features of plant cells
Membrane proteins
How are proteins associated with lipid bilayers?
RBC plasma membrane
Functions of plasma membrane
RBC Cytoskeleton
Cryo-EM and membrane protein structure
Membrane transport
Passive permeability
Facilitated transport
Digestive process
Anatomy and function of GIT
Peristalsis
Digestion in mouth
Deglutition (Swallowing)
Function of the stomach
Gastric secretion
Gastric secretory cells
Gastric emptying
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Small intestine
Intestinal juice
Functions of the Liver
The pancreas
Large intestine (Colon)
In depth explanations of the following:
Evolution: continuity with change
DNA
Central dogma
Transcription and Translation
DNA Replication
Why are chromosomes formed?
Chromosome packing
Chromosomes and Gene Expression
Mutations
Base substitution
Insertions + deletions: frameshift
Expanding trinucleotide repeats
Base substitution + Proteins
Phenotypic effects of mutation
Causes of mutation
Wobble mis-pairing - Replication Error
Chemical changes in DNA structure
Radiation
Chemical agents can affect DNA
Repairing DNA
Defects in DNA repair (inborn error)