Comprehensive study notes based on Edexcel A Level history Poverty, public health and the state in Britain, c1780-1939 specification. Covers breadth 1 and 2 and depth 1-5.

Covers entirety of Depth 1 in Edexcel A level history specification. Paupers and pauperism, 1780–1832 ● The organisation of the parish-based relief system; the problem of the ‘able-bodied pauper’; outdoor relief systems – Speenhamland, Roundsman and the Labour Rate. ● Indoor relief in poorhouses, workhouses and houses of correction; the impact of Gilbert’s Act 1782 and the Sturges-Bourne Acts 1818 and 1819. ● Pressures for change: financial and ideological arguments; the influence of Bentham’s Utilitarianism.

Comprehensive study notes covering entirety of Breadth 2 (Changes in public health) ● The role of central government action and local initiatives in changes in public health provision c1780–1939: vaccinations, improvements in drainage and sewerage, improvements in water supply, the work of medical officers of health, provision of TB sanatoria and measures to improve the health of children (key developments: the Public Health Acts of 1848, 1858 and 1875, the Liberal government reforms, 1906–08). ● The impact of the work of individuals in improving public health, c1780–1939: Edward Jenner, Edwin Chadwick, John Snow, Joseph Bazalgette and Marie Stopes

Covers entirety of Depth 3: The government, self-help and charity, 1847–80 ● Changing government control: significance of the Andover workhouse scandal; the Poor Law Board; the impact of the Parliamentary Reform Act 1867 on poor law policy; the Local Government Board. ● The importance of charity and self-help in dealing with poverty: the Charity Organisation Society, Friendly Societies, trade unions and cooperatives. ● The role of individuals in developing and challenging the prevailing orthodoxy: Smiles, Mayhew and Dickens.

Covers entirety of Depth 4: Social and welfare reforms: pressure and action, 1880–1914 Pressures for reform: the work of Booth, Seebohm Rowntree and the Fabian Society; the impact of Boer war recruitment statistics; the work of the Government InterDepartmental Committee; the debate over national efficiency. ● The significance of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws, 1905–09 and of the majority and minority reports; the establishment of principles for welfare reform. ● The impact of the Liberal government’s reforms: old age pensions and National Insurance; the Trade Boards Act 1909 and the Labour Exchanges Act 1909.

1 - The liberal state, c1911-18 ● Italy in the early twentieth century: the political system; economic and social problems; the north-south divide; Italy as a ‘great power’. ● Giolitti’s government in 1911: the influence of Giolitti; relations with socialists, the Catholic Church and nationalists; foreign policy. ● Growing instability, 1912–14: impact of invasion of Libya; impact of the franchise extension of 1912; growth of nationalism and socialism; resignation of Giolitti; the declaration of neutrality 1914. ● Impact of the First World War: intervention crisis; military stalemate, 1915–16; defeat at Caporetto; socialist responses to war; the war economy and cost of war; the significance of victory

Comprehensive revision guide covering all the specification points for Theme 4: Aspects of life in Germany and West Germany, 1918-89 Including: Attitudes towards women, 1918–89; the role and status of women, 1918–1932; the impact of the Kinder, Küche, Kirche policies and the Second World War on women’s lives, 1933–45; the role and status of women in the FRG. Education and cultural developments, 1918–89: education in the Weimar Republic; cultural experimentation, 1918–32; Nazi education and cultural policies, 1933–45; education in the FRG, including post-war re-education policies; cultural and generational tensions in the FRG. The position of ethnic minorities, 1918–89: the status of, and attitudes towards, ethnic minorities, 1918–32; Nazi racial policies, including the Final Solution; the status of, and attitudes towards, ethnic minorities in the FRG. Compiled by student who was awarded grade ‘A’ at both AS and A Level in history.

Comprehensive revision guide covering all the specification points for Theme 1: Political and governmental change, 1918-89. Including: Creation and collapse of the Weimar Republic, 1918-33: creation of the Weimar Republic, key problems + how they were overcome, the collapse of democracy Nazi dictatorship, 1933-45: establishing a dictatorship, the nature of Nazi government both before and during wartime Return to democratic government, 1945-89: creation of the FRG, Adenauer, Erhard, Brandt, Schmidt, Kohl

Covers content of Breadth 1: The impetus for public health reforms ● The impetus for change, c1780–1939: problems of public health created by industrialisation; impact of epidemics and reports on the state of towns and of increasing understanding about causes of disease (key development: the cholera epidemic 1832); the significance of advances in technology for improvements in the provision of systems for drainage and water supply. ● Changes in the attitudes of public, press and parliament to public health issues, c1780–1939, and the reasons for them; the growth of the government’s role in the nineteenth and early twentieth century

Covers complete content of Depth 2 (Less eligibility: the Poor Law Amendment Act and its impact, 1832–47) ● Reforming the Poor Law: the Royal Commission of Enquiry; aims of poor law policy; the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834; work of the Poor Law Commission; role of Chadwick. ● The impact of the workhouse: the workhouse test and less eligibility; the workhouse regime and the continuation of outdoor relief. ● The nature of opposition to the operation of new Poor Law, the roles of Oastler and Fielden; the significance of the Anti-Poor Law movement

Covers entire content of Depth 5: Depression and the Dole - the Interwar Years ● The problem of poverty in the 1920s and 30s; the impact of the decline of heavy industry; the impact of the Wall Street Crash and the Depression. ● The impact of the Jarrow March and hunger marches; the role of Ellen Wilkinson. ● Government measures in the 1930s, including the impact of the Means Test and the ‘Dole’, the Special Areas Act 1934 and the Unemployment Act 1934.

Comprehensive revision guide covering all the specification points for Theme 3: Economic development and policies, 1918-89 Including: Reacting to economic challenges, 1918–32: economic crises and government response, 1918–23; policies for recovery, 1924–28; impact of, and response to, the Great Depression, 1929–32; changing living standards, 1918–32. Controlling the economy, 1933–45: attempting economic recovery, 1933–36; creating a command economy, 1936– 39; changing living standards 1933–39; impact of war, 1939–45. Creating a social market economy, 1945–89: economic recovery, 1945–55; the ‘economic miracle’, 1955–66; surviving economic challenges, 1966–1989. Integration into the European economy, 1949–89; changing living standards, 1945–89. Compiled by student who was awarded grade ‘A’ at AS Level and ‘A’ at A Level in history.

Comprehensive revision guide covering all the specification points for Theme 2: Opposition, contraband consent, 1918-89. Including: Opposition to government, 1918–89: the impact of Versailles, political extremism and crises, 1918–33; opposition and dissent in Nazi Germany, 1933–45; political dissent and active challenge, 1949–89. Controlling the people, 1918–89: attempts to control extremism, 1918–32; censorship, repression and propaganda, 1933–45; the de-Nazification policies of the western allies, 1945–49; the constitutional and legal response to political extremism, 1949–89. Popular support, 1919–89: the nature of support for the Weimar government, 1919–32; support for the Nazi regime, 1933–45; the nature of support for democracy 1945–89.