1 - The liberal state, c1911-18 ● Italy in the early twentieth century: the political system; economic and social problems; the north-south divide; Italy as a ‘great power’. ● Giolitti’s government in 1911: the influence of Giolitti; relations with socialists, the Catholic Church and nationalists; foreign policy. ● Growing instability, 1912–14: impact of invasion of Libya; impact of the franchise extension of 1912; growth of nationalism and socialism; resignation of Giolitti; the declaration of neutrality 1914. �� Impact of the First World War: intervention crisis; military stalemate, 1915–16; defeat at Caporetto; socialist responses to war; the war economy and cost of war; the significance of victory

Covers entire content of Depth 5: Depression and the Dole - the Interwar Years ● The problem of poverty in the 1920s and 30s; the impact of the decline of heavy industry; the impact of the Wall Street Crash and the Depression. ● The impact of the Jarrow March and hunger marches; the role of Ellen Wilkinson. ● Government measures in the 1930s, including the impact of the Means Test and the ‘Dole’, the Special Areas Act 1934 and the Unemployment Act 1934.

Covers entirety of Depth 4: Social and welfare reforms: pressure and action, 1880–1914 Pressures for reform: the work of Booth, Seebohm Rowntree and the Fabian Society; the impact of Boer war recruitment statistics; the work of the Government InterDepartmental Committee; the debate over national efficiency. ● The significance of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws, 1905–09 and of the majority and minority reports; the establishment of principles for welfare reform. ● The impact of the Liberal government’s reforms: old age pensions and National Insurance; the Trade Boards Act 1909 and the Labour Exchanges Act 1909.

Covers entirety of Depth 3: The government, self-help and charity, 1847–80 ● Changing government control: significance of the Andover workhouse scandal; the Poor Law Board; the impact of the Parliamentary Reform Act 1867 on poor law policy; the Local Government Board. ● The importance of charity and self-help in dealing with poverty: the Charity Organisation Society, Friendly Societies, trade unions and cooperatives. ● The role of individuals in developing and challenging the prevailing orthodoxy: Smiles, Mayhew and Dickens.

Covers complete content of Depth 2 (Less eligibility: the Poor Law Amendment Act and its impact, 1832–47) ● Reforming the Poor Law: the Royal Commission of Enquiry; aims of poor law policy; the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834; work of the Poor Law Commission; role of Chadwick. ● The impact of the workhouse: the workhouse test and less eligibility; the workhouse regime and the continuation of outdoor relief. ● The nature of opposition to the operation of new Poor Law, the roles of Oastler and Fielden; the significance of the Anti-Poor Law movement

Covers entirety of Depth 1 in Edexcel A level history specification. Paupers and pauperism, 1780–1832 ● The organisation of the parish-based relief system; the problem of the ‘able-bodied pauper’; outdoor relief systems – Speenhamland, Roundsman and the Labour Rate. ● Indoor relief in poorhouses, workhouses and houses of correction; the impact of Gilbert’s Act 1782 and the Sturges-Bourne Acts 1818 and 1819. ● Pressures for change: financial and ideological arguments; the influence of Bentham’s Utilitarianism.

Comprehensive study notes covering entirety of Breadth 2 (Changes in public health) ● The role of central government action and local initiatives in changes in public health provision c1780–1939: vaccinations, improvements in drainage and sewerage, improvements in water supply, the work of medical officers of health, provision of TB sanatoria and measures to improve the health of children (key developments: the Public Health Acts of 1848, 1858 and 1875, the Liberal government reforms, 1906–08). ● The impact of the work of individuals in improving public health, c1780–1939: Edward Jenner, Edwin Chadwick, John Snow, Joseph Bazalgette and Marie Stopes

Comprehensive study notes based on Edexcel A Level history Poverty, public health and the state in Britain, c1780-1939 specification. Covers breadth 1 and 2 and depth 1-5.

Covers content of Breadth 1: The impetus for public health reforms ● The impetus for change, c1780–1939: problems of public health created by industrialisation; impact of epidemics and reports on the state of towns and of increasing understanding about causes of disease (key development: the cholera epidemic 1832); the significance of advances in technology for improvements in the provision of systems for drainage and water supply. ● Changes in the attitudes of public, press and parliament to public health issues, c1780–1939, and the reasons for them; the growth of the government’s role in the nineteenth and early twentieth century

Comprehensive revision guide covering all the specification points for Theme 4: Aspects of life in Germany and West Germany, 1918-89 Including: Attitudes towards women, 1918–89; the role and status of women, 1918–1932; the impact of the Kinder, Küche, Kirche policies and the Second World War on women’s lives, 1933–45; the role and status of women in the FRG. Education and cultural developments, 1918–89: education in the Weimar Republic; cultural experimentation, 1918–32; Nazi education and cultural policies, 1933–45; education in the FRG, including post-war re-education policies; cultural and generational tensions in the FRG. The position of ethnic minorities, 1918–89: the status of, and attitudes towards, ethnic minorities, 1918–32; Nazi racial policies, including the Final Solution; the status of, and attitudes towards, ethnic minorities in the FRG. Compiled by student who was awarded grade ‘A’ at both AS and A Level in history.

Comprehensive revision guide covering all the specification points for Theme 3: Economic development and policies, 1918-89 Including: Reacting to economic challenges, 1918–32: economic crises and government response, 1918–23; policies for recovery, 1924–28; impact of, and response to, the Great Depression, 1929–32; changing living standards, 1918–32. Controlling the economy, 1933–45: attempting economic recovery, 1933–36; creating a command economy, 1936– 39; changing living standards 1933–39; impact of war, 1939–45. Creating a social market economy, 1945–89: economic recovery, 1945–55; the ‘economic miracle’, 1955–66; surviving economic challenges, 1966–1989. Integration into the European economy, 1949–89; changing living standards, 1945–89. Compiled by student who was awarded grade ‘A’ at AS Level and ‘A’ at A Level in history.

Comprehensive revision guide covering all the specification points for Theme 2: Opposition, contraband consent, 1918-89. Including: Opposition to government, 1918–89: the impact of Versailles, political extremism and crises, 1918–33; opposition and dissent in Nazi Germany, 1933–45; political dissent and active challenge, 1949–89. Controlling the people, 1918–89: attempts to control extremism, 1918–32; censorship, repression and propaganda, 1933–45; the de-Nazification policies of the western allies, 1945–49; the constitutional and legal response to political extremism, 1949–89. Popular support, 1919–89: the nature of support for the Weimar government, 1919–32; support for the Nazi regime, 1933–45; the nature of support for democracy 1945–89.

Comprehensive revision guide covering all the specification points for Theme 1: Political and governmental change, 1918-89. Including: Creation and collapse of the Weimar Republic, 1918-33: creation of the Weimar Republic, key problems + how they were overcome, the collapse of democracy Nazi dictatorship, 1933-45: establishing a dictatorship, the nature of Nazi government both before and during wartime Return to democratic government, 1945-89: creation of the FRG, Adenauer, Erhard, Brandt, Schmidt, Kohl