This PowerPoint presentation with worked examples and student activities covers: Topic 4.4 of Module 1: Science Fundamentals of the OCR Applied Science Spec. Complex carbohydrates (starch, glycogen, cellulose) • Carbohydrates found as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides (monomers, dimers or polymers) • Monomers held together by glycosidic bonds to form dimers and polymers, via condensation reactions • Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose and galactose • Disaccharides include maltose, sucrose and lactose • Polysaccharides include starch, glycogen and cellulose • Cellulose is found in plant cell walls where it provides strength/support and pliability • Starch and glycogen are energy sources Proteins and peptides from amino acids • Dipeptides are formed from two amino acids joined by a peptide bond, via a condensation reaction • Polypeptides are chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds • Proteins/polypeptides have physiological or functional roles, including enzymes, carrier proteins in the plasma membrane, and structural roles, including collagen and elastin fibres in connective tissue Lipids from fatty acids, glycerol and phosphorus compounds • Monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides are esters of fatty acids and glycerol • An ester bond forms between each fatty acid and the glycerol, via condensation reactions • Phospholipids contain glycerol plus two fatty acids and a phosphate group • Lipids act as an energy source within cells, as an insulation layer around animal organs, in the myelin sheath (found around some nerve fibres/axons) to increase speed of nerve transmission • Phospholipids form a bilayer in the plasma membrane Protein synthesis (transcription, translation) RNA, messenger, ribosomal and transfer • The nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are polymers of nucleotides • Peptide bonds form between amino acids to create polypeptide chains/proteins • Recall a simple description of protein synthesis

OCR Applied Science Level 3 - Module 21: Product Testing Techniques. This PowerPoint presentation with worked examples and student activities covers: Topic 2.2 of Module 21: Product Testing Techniques. 2.2 Laboratory testing during development i.e.: • formulation • production • quality control and assurance • after sale monitoring.

OCR Applied Science Level 3 - Module 21: Product Testing Techniques. This PowerPoint presentation with worked examples and student activities covers: Topic 2.1 of Module 21: Product Testing Techniques. 2.1 Types of testing i.e.: • in-vitro • in-vivo • titration • extraction and separation

OCR Applied Science Level 3 - Module 21: Product Testing Techniques. This PowerPoint presentation with worked examples and student activities covers: Topic 2.3 of Module 21: Product Testing Techniques. 2.3 Effectiveness of test • Appropriate test method • Data collection validity and reliability • Consistent chemical composition • Hazards and risks of use

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.1.1 Animal and Plant Cells This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Cells are the building blocks of living objects. Definition of eukaryotic cells Typical size of eukaryotic cells Subcellular structure of animal cells Subcellular structure of plant cells Organelles and their functions Revision activities (Look, Cover, Write, Check) Print out of animal and plant cells

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.1.2 Bacterial Cells This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Typical size of bacterial cells Subcellular structure of bacterial cells Functions of subcellular structure of bacterial cells Comparing animal, plant, and bacterial cells Revision activity - flash cards Print out of bacterial cell

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.1.3 Light Microscopy This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Labeling a light microscope Defining magnification and resolution. Explaining why stains are used for light microscope. Calculating total magnification, objective lens magnification and eyepiece lens magnification. Calculating actual size, magnification, and magnified size of objects. Converting from from micrometre (µm) to millimetres (mm) Rearranging equations

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.2.1 DNA This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is found in the nucleus of cells. DNA is packaged into a thread-like structure called chromosomes. Humans typically have 46 chromosomes shared from their parents. Genes are sections of DNA that code for physical characteristics. The structure of DNA. DNA is comprised of monomers called nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and an organic base. There are four organic bases: Adenine, A. Thymine, T. Cytosine, C. Guanine, G. Hydrogen bonds in DNA.

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.1.4 Electron Microscopy This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Comparing sizes of different cells Using standard form Using SI prefixes (nano, micro, milli, kilo, mega) Comparing electron microscopes and light microscopes.

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.2.2 Transcription and Translation This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. The role of proteins and AI Proteins as polymers Explaining transcription mRNA and complementary bases Explaining translation

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.3.1 Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Lipids This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. The three main macronutrients - carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids Names of enzymes - carbohydrase, amylase, protease, lipase What the macronutrients are broken down into - simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol. Metabolic rate Food tests and the positive results

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.2.4 Enzyme Reactions This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Enzymes-catalysed reactions Rate of reaction Denaturing of enzymes and the active site Optimum temperature and optimum pH for enzymes Definition of concentration Increasing concentration of enzymes and substrates Saturation of substrates

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.2.3 Enzymes This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Enzymes are made of protein. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts speed up the rate of reaction without being used up themselves. Enzymes and the lock and key hypothesis. Enzymes breaking down and bonding substrates.

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.3.2 Aerobic Respiration This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Word equation for aerobic respiration Balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration Aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction The structure of mitochondria ATP and its uses Why blood flow increases to muscles when exercising

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.3.3 Anaerobic Respiration This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Recap of aerobic respiration Conditions for anaerobic respiration Word equation for anaerobic respiration in mammals Lactic acid and its affects. Oxygen debt Comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration in mammals. Anaerobic respiration in plants - fermentation. Fermentation word equation and symbol equation. Exam questions.

This presentation covers OCR Gateway Biology 9-1 B1.4.1 Photosynthesis This PowerPoint is a whole lessons included with student activities and animated answers. Word and symbol equation for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the air through the stomata. Water travels by osmosis through the root hair cells. Photosynthesis occurs inside the plant’s chloroplast. Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction. The two main stages of photosynthesis. Comparing photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.